Objective To analyze the clinicopathologic features,diagnosis and different diagnosis of solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) of the breast.Methods The clinical data and pathological section,including HE and immunohistochemical staining slice,of 12 cases of SPC in People's Hospital of Shanxi Province from December 2008 to August 2014 were analyzed.Simultaneously,a literature search was conducted by utilizing Pub Med for all reported cases in English from November 1995 to October 2014.Results All cases were female,aged from 50 to 77 years old,manifested as mass or nipple discharge.Histologically,all cases appeared as multiple,well-circumscribed nodules filled by monotonous,low-moderate grade cell separated by fibrovascular cores.Immunohistochemically,CgA,Syn,ER and PR were positive in 12,11,9 and 5 cases,respectively.Her-2 presented as 1+ in 1 case (1/12) with invasive mucinous carcinoma,and locally poor positive in 2 cases without invasive component,while CK5/6 was negative in all cases.p63 and CK5/6 were positive in 6 and 5 cases at the location of axis of papillary,respectively.Meanwhile,8 and 7 cases at the border of duct,respectively.Conclusion SPC is an uncommon breast tumor,which presents with specific clinicopathologic features.

Understanding inter-species transmission of influenza viruses is an important research topic. Scientists try to identify and evaluate the functional factors determining the host range of influenza viruses by generating the recombinant viruses through reverse genetics in laboratories, which reveals the viruses' molecular mechanisms of infection and transmission in different species. Therefore, the reverse genetic method is a very important tool for further understanding the biology of influenza viruses and will provide the insight for the prevention and treatment of infections and transmission. However, these recombinant influenza viruses generated in laboratories will become the potential threat to the public health and the environment. In this paper, we discussed the biological safety issues of recombinant influenza viruses and suggested we should set up protocols for risk management on research activities related to recombinant highly pathogenic influenza viruses.
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; Laboratories ; Microbiology ; Orthomyxoviridae ; genetics ; Public Health ; Reassortant Viruses ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Safety

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety of acyclovir in the treatment of liver-transplanted children with EB-viremia. METHODS:Retrospectively analysis was conducted for the general information of 10 liver-transplanted children with EB-viremia, preoperative donor and recipient EBV infection and treatment,tacrolimus dose and plasma concentration before and after interven-tion,platelets,serum creatinine and white blood cell levels before and after treatment,and the recurrence were followed-up. RE-SULTS:Biliary atresia was the primary disease for all the children,EB virus polymerase chain reaction(EBV-PCR)was positive, and there was no routine testing for donor HBV infection;6 cases reduced the tacrolimus dose,4 remained unchanged,and 9 cas-es of plasma concentrations reduced after intervention,9 were negative and 2 recoveried. There were no significant differences in the platelets,serum creatinine and white blood cells before and after treatment(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Acyclovir can be used in the treatment of liver-transplanted children with EB-viremia,with good safety.

OBJECTIVE:To establish methods for the determination of the metal elements and the Total flavonoids in Flos Lonicerae Japonicae.METHODS:The atomic absorption spectrometry was adopted to determine the contents of macroelements(Na,K,Ca,Mg)and trace elements(Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Cr,Ni)while UV spectrometry was adopted for the determination of the content of Total flavonoids in Flos Lonicerae Japonicae.RESULTS:Metal elements and Flavonoids were found to be rich in Flos Lonicerae Japonicae.CONCLUSION:The methods adopted in this study were simple,rapid,accurate,sensitive and precise.

Objective To estimate and optimize the dosage regimen of vancomycin and linezolid for treatment in different Gram-positive cocci infections. Methods The pharmacokinetic data of vancomycin and linezolid were collected, and the pharmacodynamics in vitro of these drugs for staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium were analysed. The cumulative response fraction (CFR) was evaluated in different dosage regimens of two drugs against four types of bacteria. Results The regimen of 3 500 mg/d vancomycin was recommended for patients with staphylococcus epidermidis infection. The regimen of 2 500 mg/d vancomycin was recommended for patients with staphylococcus aureus infection. The regimens of 3 000 mg/d vancomycin and 400 mg linezolid given 2 times/day were recommended for patients with enterococcus faecalis infection. The regimens of 2 500 mg/d vancomycin and 400 mg linezolid given 2 times/day were recommended for patients with enterococcus faecium infection. Conclusion In application of vancomycin and linezolid for treatment of Gram-positive cocci infections, different dosage regimens should be used in different types of infections.

BACKGROUND: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) ischaracterized by its trophic function on motor neurons, but there is stilllack of quantitative data concerning the influence of different concentra tions of the neurotrophic factor on the growth of in vitro cultured motorneurons. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of GDNF on neuronal growth byobserving fetus rat spinal cord motor neurons cultured in vitro. DESIGN: Verifying observation taking in vitro cultured cells as subjects. SETTING: Neurological Department of the Second Hospital Affiliated toHebei Medical College. MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Neu rological Department, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical College, between January 2001 and September 2002. Adult male and female rats were raised together in the same cage, embryonic rats at 15 days of gestation were obtained for spinal cord separation. METHODS: Ventral spinal tissues were obtained from embryonic rats at 15 days of gestation for prinary in vitro culture. They were divided into four groups according to the density of GDNF, namely 1, 10, 50 and 100 μg/L GDNF groups, while the culture medium in control group did not contain GDNF. Neurons were cultured in 8 wells foreach group, which was repeated for two batches. Then the influence of GDNF on spinal cord motor neu rons was observed from the perspective of cell morphology with MTF method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The survival rate of motor neurons andthe length of cell processes. RESULTS: ① The length of spinal cord motor neuronal processes: It was found obviously longer in GDNF 1 μg/L group, 10 μg/L group, 50 μg/L group and 100 μg/L group than in control group [(107.4±35.406 8,160.5±38.564 9, 450.5±60.640 3, 293.5±67.381 4, 82.8±7.972 5) μm, t=2.610-2.647, P ＜ 0.01]. ② Cell survival rate: It was higher in GDNF 1 μg/L group, 10 μg/L group, 50 μg/L group and 100 μ g/L group than in control group [(13.9±0.899 9, 16.1±0.668 0, 20.1±0.667 9, 26.0±0.603 0,10.5±0.782 0) μm, t=2.211-2.312, P ＜ 0.05]. ③ MTT colorimetric analy sis: It was obviously higher in GDNF 1 μg/L group, 10 μg/L group, 50 μg/Lgroup and 100 μ g/L group than in control group [(0.350±0.059 8, 0.366 7±0.071 9, 0.381 9±0.063 8, 0.395 3±0.060 5, 0.285 8±0.032 5) μm,t=2.259-2.577, P ＜ 0.05]. CONCLUSION: GDNF of different concentrations exerts different effects on in vitro cultured embryonic spinal cord motor neurons.

BACKGROUND: It is discovered that trace elements in Chinese patent medicine play an important role in pharmaceutical efficacy and structural analysis. A new topic has been formed gradually in a further research on pharmaceutical efficacy and effective components of Chinese patent medicine in the view of inorganic trace elements. The fuzzy classified study on the interrelationship between trace and constant elements of Chinese herbs and therapeutic effects is to discuss the trace-element action of drugs in the holistic aspect of trace elenent and research rather scientifically the holistic coordination among trace elements in Chinese herbs.OBJECTIVE: To determine the contents of 21 kinds of trace and constant elements in Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular disease. To study with fuzzy classified method the interdependence between trace, constant elements of drugs and therapeutic effects so as to provide a new approach for the quality evaluation of Chinese patent medicine.DESIGN: Testified observed study based on various Chinese patent medicines.SETTING: Chemistry teaching-research room in a university and department of cardiology in a general hospital of a chemical industrial group corporation.MATERIALS: Twenty-one kinds of common Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases in clinic, namely di' ao xinxuekang capsule(DXK), xueshuan xinmaining capsule(XMN), shan haidan capsule(SHD), buchang naoxintong capsule(NXT), linaoxin capsule(LNX), xinnaosu capsule(XNS), lixin wan(LXW), suxiao jiuxin wan (SJX), xinbao wan(XBW), yinxingye pian(YXY), fufang danshen pian (DSP), niuhuang jiangya wan(NHJY), naosaitong pian(NST), qiangli tianma duzhong wan ( TD W ) , tongsaimai pian ( TSM ) , tongmai ningxin infusion(TMNX), maitong capsule(MTC), fufang yinxing wan ( YXW ) , da huoluo dan(DHL), guanxin suhe capsule(GXSH) and xiaoshuan tongluo capsule (XSTL).METHODS: Wet digestion was used to manage samples, atomic absorption spectrophotometric method(AAS) method was used to determine the contents of 10 kinds of trace and constant elements in 21 Chinese patent medicines,namely Na, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn. Data range method was applied for the standardized management of statistical indexes of various element contents in relevant drugs, dotprod(U, V) method was used to measure correlation coefficient(r) among the classified objects so as to determine fuzzy matrixes in universe. The interrelationship was analyzed between the contents of trace elements of various Chinese medicines and pharmaceutical efficacy. By the analysis of fuzzy matrixes in universe, it was to evaluate firmly on the efficacy similarity of various kinds of Chinese patent medicines with quantitative indexes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of element contents; ② Results of fuzzy cluster analysis on elements.RESULTS: The standardized management of statistical indexes was carried on the contents of Na, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn in various drugs to determine correlation coefficient(r) among the classified objects so as to determine fuzzy matrixes in universe. When(r) = 0.55, there were 9 kinds of drugs similar in cluster, namely xueshuan xinmaining capsule, buchang naoxintong capsule, lixin wan, xin bao wan, qiangli tianmai duzhong wan,tongsaimai pian, maitong capsule, da h uoluo dan and xiaoshuan tongluo capsu le. When(r) =0. 65, there were 6 kinds of drugs similar in cluster,namely buchang naoxintong capsule, xin bao wan, qiangli tianmai duzhong wan, tongsaimai pian, maitong capsule and xiaoshuan tongluo capsule. When(r) =0. 87, there were 2 kinds of drugs similar in cluster, namely buchang naoxintong capsule and xin bao wan.CONCLUSION: It is indicated in the research that the drugs are in rich of trace and constant elements. The larger the correlation coefficient of drugs is,the more similar the pharmaceutical efficacy is. It is discovered the close interrelationship of the trace and constant elements in drugs with their pharmaceutical efficacy. In this research, fuzzy classified method is used to discuss, in the view of trace elements, the similarity of quantitative indexes in efficacy of Chinese patent medicine commonly administrated in the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular disease, which has provided a new approach for the quality evaluation of Chinese patent medicine.

ObjectiveThe aim was to construct the recombinant plasmid of pET-28a-G-protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) GPS2,express GPS2 protein in E.coli,and obtain specific polyclonal antiserum of GPS2.MethodsGPS2 gene was obtained and the amplified fragment was then cloned into E.coli expression vector pET-28a to construct recombinant plasmid.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli expression strain BL21(DE3).IPTG induces the expression protein GPS2 protein,and the induction conditions were optimized.The induced product was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography,and the purified product was dialyzed with buffer for refolding.The purified protein can be used as antigen,injected to immunize male New Zealand white rabbit to get polyclonal antiserum.The titer and specificity of the rabbit antiserum were detected by ELISA and Western Blotting.ResultsThe E.coli expression vector pET-28a-GPS2 was constructed successfully and the recombinant protein was efficiently expressed and purified.The purified protein was used to immunize male New Zealand white rabbit to get polyclonal antiserum and the ELISA and Western Blot results showed that the high titer of specific polyclonal antiserum.ConclusionGSP2 could be highly expressed in E.coli.Antiserum of GPS2 protein can be obtained by the purified recombinant to analyze its function.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for determination of the content of puerarin in compound Rhizoma Coptidis graininess METHODS:HPLC method was used The samples were separated by C18 (4 6mm?250mm,5?m) column with the mobile phase of methanol-water(30∶70) The detection wavelength was set at 250nm Flow rate was 1 0ml/min Column temperature was 30℃ RESULTS:The linear ranges of puerarin was 0 312?g～1 560?g The average recovery was 99 2%,RSD=2 08%(n=5) CONCLUSION:The method is sensitive,rapid and accurate and suitable for the determination of puerarin in compound Rhizoma Coptidis graininess

Objective To identify dosimetric predictors for the development of gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with TOMO radiotherapy .Methods From January 2014 to Janu-ary 2015 ,we analysed the medical records of 68 pancreatic cancer patients who received helical tomotherapy from Air Force General Hospital .The stomach and duodenum were contoured separately to determine their dose volume histogram(DVH)parameters.Chi-square test was employed to analyze the count data .Spearman correlation anal-ysis was used to analyze the relationship between occurrence of gastrointestinal toxicity and clinical and physical factors.Logistic regression models was performed to identify risk factors associated with gastrointestinal toxicity . Results The median follow-up was 9 months(4~16 months).18 patients experienced grade II acute gastroin-testinal toxicity ,1 patient experienced grade Ⅲ acute gastrointestinal toxicity , whereas 17 patients experienced grade II late gastrointestinal toxicity ,1 patient experienced grade Ⅲlate gastrointestinal toxicity .On UVA,the vol-ume,Dmean,D1,D3,D5,D10,V5 to V40,and V5′to V45′of duodenum were significantly associated with GradeⅡor higher gastrointestinal toxicity ( P <0.05 ) .The MVA, V45′of duodenum was independent predictor for gradeⅡor higher gastrointestinal toxicity(P<0.05).The ROC analysis also showed that V45′of 0.5cm3 was the optimal threshold to predict for gastrointestinal toxicity for the entire cohort .Conclusion V45′of duodenum is of greater importance in the judgment of occurrence of hypofractioned radiation -induced gastrointestinal toxici-ty.