Understanding inter-species transmission of influenza viruses is an important research topic. Scientists try to identify and evaluate the functional factors determining the host range of influenza viruses by generating the recombinant viruses through reverse genetics in laboratories, which reveals the viruses' molecular mechanisms of infection and transmission in different species. Therefore, the reverse genetic method is a very important tool for further understanding the biology of influenza viruses and will provide the insight for the prevention and treatment of infections and transmission. However, these recombinant influenza viruses generated in laboratories will become the potential threat to the public health and the environment. In this paper, we discussed the biological safety issues of recombinant influenza viruses and suggested we should set up protocols for risk management on research activities related to recombinant highly pathogenic influenza viruses.
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; Laboratories ; Microbiology ; Orthomyxoviridae ; genetics ; Public Health ; Reassortant Viruses ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Safety

Objective To analyze the clinical correlation between UU infection and tubal pregnancy in order to guide the correct clinical treatment. Methods Cultivation was used to detect UU in villi tissue of 30 tubal preg-nancy patients and natural aborted pregnant women respectively. Results There was remarkable difference(P0.05) between the positive rate of UU in tubal pregnancy(80 % ) and natural pregnancy(16.7 % ). Conclusion UU may be one of major pathogenic microorganisms in tubal pregnancy, and it's necessary to detect and treat UU con-ventionally.

The Third Military Medical University promotes the scientific research ability of the eight-year clinical medicine students through accurately fixing cultivation objectives,reasonably arranging teaching,implementing supervisor group for many-to-one teaching,carrying out plentiful innovative re-search projects,establishing reading system of scientific research papers,setting up scientific research innovation courses and setting up the credit system for innovative education. Eight-year program is signifi-cantly better than the five-year program in cultivating abilities of problem-discovering,researching and thesis writing.

Medical students face higher levels of stress compared to the general population. Statistical analyses of questionnaire surveys were made to compare the teaching effect between traditional teaching and PBL.The results indicate that the PBL teaching is more conducive to students to relief from the course-related stress in medical colleges.

Objective To establish and confirm the hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) high specificity S/CO limit as blood donor deferral criterion.Methods A total of 783 HBsAg ELISA reactive and 588 non-reactive samples were collected, and confirmed by HBsAg electrochemiluminescence detection and neutralization test.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the S/CO limit under 95% and 99% specificity.Another 124 HBsAg ELSIA reactive samples were tested for five kinds of hepatitis B virus(HBV) markers by using electrochemiluminescence detection to verify the blood donor deferral limit.The blood donor deferral limits of 3 laboratories, using the same reagents, were compared.Results The 95% specificity S/CO limit of two reagents were 0.24 and 0.65, the 99% specificity S/CO limit of two reagents were 3.89 and 3.62.The 99% specificity S/CO limit was set as the blood donor deferral criterion.Verify test indicated that the samples, with S/CO higher than the blood donor reentry limit of reagent 1 and 2, were all from HBV infected donor.The 99% specificity S/CO limits of reagent 1 in the other three laboratories were 3.77, 3.60 and 13.42 respectively.And the 99% specificity S/CO limits of reagent 2 in the other three laboratories were 27.73, 31.75 and 1.17.Conclusion The blood donor deferral limit of HBsAg ELISA could identify the true positive blood donor, and reduce the number of blood donor, entering the reentry process.It might not suit to adopt a unified donor deferral limit in different laboratories, even using the same reagents.

Objective To analyze the clinical significance and features of patient s' with inconsistent antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) test results between indirect immune fluorescence (IIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Methods ANCA were detected with IIF and ELISA method jointly among 12 386 in-patients and a retrospective analysis on the proportion of clinical features and significance was made in 589 cases with inconsistent results using Microsoft Excel 2007 statistical software.Results Among the 589 patients,68 (11.5％) were diagnosed as vasculitis,in which 51 cases as ANCA-associated vasculitis,and 521(88.4％) were diagnosed as non-vasculitis including 181 connective disease and 340 non-connective diseases in which hypertension and cardiopathy were common.The common inconsistent results of ANCA were p-ANCA/ELISA (-),IIF (-)/anti-MPO (+),IIF (-)/anti-PR3 (+),IIF (-)/anti-PR3 (+) anti-MPO (+) accounted for 24.4％ (144/589),29.5％ (174/589),15.9％ (94/589),18.5％ (108/589) respectively,these accounted for 88.3％(520/589) of total inconsistency.Conclusion The spectrum of diseases and clinical characteristics varies widely and often presents with multiorgan involvement in patients with inconsistent ANCA results.These reasons make it easy to be misdiagnosed.Attention should be paid to identify and different these inconsistency.

Objective To found sensitive and reliable method to identify trophoblastic tumor cells in the peripheral blood of the patients suffered from gestational trophoblastic tumor.Methods Given numbers of JAR cell from ten to million were mixed into 10ml non pregnant peripheral blood as a model. Detection of ? hCG mRNA with fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (FQ RT PCR) and then estimation of the numbers of tumor cell in the blood. Nine cases of peripheral blood were collected from the pretreatment patients of gestational trophoblastic tumor to assay ? hCG mRNA with FQ RT PCR, then to estimate the numbers of tumor cell in the circulation blood. Results FQ RT PCR could detect ? hCG mRNA when ≥10 2 JAR cells were mixed into 10ml non pregnant peripheral blood. Four cases of bloods had been detected ? hCG mRNA expression in 9 cases of gestational trophoblastic tumor, and the numbers of tumor cell from 10 4 to 10 7 per 10ml blood. Conclusion FQ RT PCR of which primers and probe are designed for ? hCG had been proved to be very sensitive detection means, it could be used to detect gestational trophoblastic tumor cells from patient preipheral blood; With FQ RT PCR the tumor cells had been detected in some patients of gestational trophoblastic tumor.

Objective To evaluate the monitoring value of serum albumin and plasma von willebrand factor in patients with stroke.Methods Serum albumin and plasma von willebrand factor were measured from 145 patients with stroke(95 patients with nonpoor outcome and 50 patients with poor outcome) in two weeks and after six months from stroke onset to study the relationships with prognosis.Results Serum albumin level was significantly higher in patients with nonpoor outcome(mRS≤2) after six months stroke onset than those with poor outcome(mRS≥3) and was lower after six months stroke onset than in two weeks from stroke onset.On the other hand,plasma vWF level in patients with stroke was significantly higher than that in healthy controls and was higher in two weeks than after six months from stroke onset.Patients with poor outcome had higher plasma vWF level than patients with nonpoor outcome in two weeks and after six months from stroke onset,but had no significant difference.Conclusion The level of serum albumin and plasma von willebrand factor is related with nutritional status,active extent and prognosis in patients with stroke.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate ADR induced by dasatinib,and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS:By means of literature metrology method,dasatinib-induced ADR cases domestically and internationally reported were analyzed. RSEULTS:A total of 63 ADR cases were induced by dasatinib,and the age of patients were mainly 41-60 years old. The most cases(25.4%)occurred within 1 month of medication. The patients mainly were from Asian countries and regions(53.9%). Organs/systems involved in dasatinib induced ADRs were mainly respiratory system(40.1%),digestive system(17.5%)and hema-tologic system(11.7%). Main clinical manifestations were pleural effusion(23 cases),pulmonary artery hypertension(15 cases), expiratory dyspnea(8 cases),diarrhea(8 cases),etc. CONCLUSIONS:Daring the use of dasatinib,great importance should be attached to ADR monitoring and prevention so as to avoid serious ADR.

Rapid development in medical technology has posed new challenges to higher medical education,especially to education of eight-year program students.How to survive the challenges has thus become a question for medical institutions.By analyzing the features of medical development and the new demand of medical education,we proposed the following innovations for education in eight-year program.It should emphasize combination of different disciplines and construction of integrated medical course system.Research on translational medicine should be conducted,and cooperation between institutions should be promoted.