Fundus photography in small animals holds great significance for studying alterations in the structure and function of retinal blood vessels. However, the absence of uniform operating practices can lead to inconsistencies and incomparability of data. To address this issue, this study aims to develop a standard operation guide for fundus photography in small animals. It will provide researchers with standardized operation procedures and accurate data analysis methods to ensure high accuracy and reproducibility in data collection and analysis. The adoption of these guidelines enables a high level of data consistency while providing more precise results than traditional methods. This guideline bridges the gap in the lack of standard operating norms for fundus photography in small animals, offering researchers a reliable operational framework. This guideline not only helps to improve the accuracy and comparability of data, but also provides strong support for retinal vascular research in clinical practice.

This article introduces a high-magnification electronic endoscope system that utilizes a continuous zoom optical design,enabling high-magnification imaging at the cellular level.By selecting an appropriate initial retrofocus structure,the optimized modulation transfer function(MTF)curve of the zoom objective lens approaches the diffraction limit.Additionally,the tip and operation parts of the system incorporate modular gas-tight sealing and multiple layers of protective structure.The design employs efficient sealing materials and precise packaging techniques to ensure the system's sealing performance.The experimental results indicate that,under conventional imaging,the resolution is equivalent to 39.37 μm in object space,and the field of view angle is larger than 140 degrees.At magnified imaging,the resolution is equivalent to 2.78 μm in object space,and the observed actual field of view is greater than 800 μm×700 μm.When used with a 26-inch display monitor,the high-magnification electronic endoscope can achieve 500×optical magnification,allowing for the observation of features at the cellular level.Currently,this product has successfully achieved mass production and has undergone multiple animal trials,demonstrating its wide range of potential applications and significant clinical value.

Objective: To explore the effects of community building environment and sports with fitness APP usage and their interactions on teachers exercise habits in the Yangtze River Delta Region, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of a sports and health promotion intervention program for teachers. Methods: A total of 2 530 in service teachers from four provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, namely, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui Province, were sampled in May-June 2023 by using convenient cluster random sampling method. Self designed questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of the surveyed teachers, Physical Activity Building Environment Evaluation Questionnaire and the Sports with Fitness APP Usage Questionnaire were used to measure the teachers subjective perception of the community building environment and the usage of sports with fitness APP, respectively. Physical Exercise Habituation Scale was used to assess the level of exercise habits. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze the effects of community building environment and sports with fitness APP usage on physical exercise, and the interaction effects were analyzed by using additive and multiplicative models. Results: Among all the teachers surveyed, 658 of them reported good physical exercise habits (26.0%), and differences in the rate of physical activity habit formation by gender, age, years of teaching, as well as subject of teaching were statistically significant ( χ 2=42.94, 39.73, 35.47, 218.23 , P <0.05). Teachers with physical exercise habits had significantly higher community building environment scores and sports and fitness APP use than teachers without exercise habits ( t =12.17,16.54, P <0.05). Adjusting for the confounders of age, gender, years of teaching experience, and subjects taught, multifactorial unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of teachers having good physical exercise habits increased by 22% for every 1-point increase in the community building environment score on average ( OR =1.22, 95% CI =1.11-1.40), and the probability of teachers having good physical exercise habits increased by 16% for every 1-point increase in the sports with fitness APP score on average ( OR = 1.16 , 95% CI =1.03-1.31) ( P <0.05). Interaction analyses showed that there was an additive interaction between the effects of community building environment and sports and fitness APP use on teachers physical exercise habits after adjustment, and the 95% CI for RERI , API and SI were 1.17 -1.65, 0.12-0.46 and 1.78-3.33 ( P <0.05), respectively, and there was no multiplicative interaction ( P >0.05). Conclusions The community building environment and the usage of sports & fitness APP show impacts in the formation of teachers physical exercise habits in the Yangtze River Delta region, and there is an interaction effect. Enhancing the construction of smart sports centers around the community can provide a high quality external environment for the physical exercise habits formation.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Background A rational diet is the foundation of health. Dietary guidelines for Chinese residents and Chinese Food Guild Pagoda aim to provide healthy eating guidance for Chinese residents. Objective To evaluate the rationality and applicability of the "Chinese Food Guild Pagoda" (2022). Methods The energy and nutrient supplies of foods recommended by the Food Pagoda-were calculated based on the chinese food composition Table. The degree of requirement satisfaction for energy or nutrients was calculated by comparing with the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) or adequate intake (AI) for adults (≥ 18 years) with light physical activity according to the Chinese dietary reference intakes. Results The estimated energy intake was 46662.79-10062.28 kJ, which met the 6697.36-10046.04 kJ set by the Food Pagoda. We estimated that 65.74-102.78 g of protein, 59.67-82.71 g of fat, and 211.27-333.19 g of carbohydrate were provided by following the Food Pagoda. Adequate vitamins and minerals were also provided by following the Food Pagoda. However, the amounts of vitamin E was estimated to be 2.40-3.28 times and sodium was 1.59-1.75 times of AI, while selenium was 63.40%-98.15% of RNI. Conclusion The amounts of vitamin E and sodium by following the Food Pagoda may be higher and selenium may be lower than recommended intakes. Energy and other nutrients in the Food Pagoda are suitable for general adults in China.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of conventional Western medicine alone and acupuncture combined with acupoint application in treating intestinal dysfunction secondary to mechanical ventilation in elderly patients with emergency sepsis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 111 elderly patients with mechanical ventilation for sepsis admitted to the emergency department of Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to June 2021. They were divided into two groups according to the time of admission: Western medicine treatment group alone (patients from January 2019 to December 2019, n=47) and acupuncture combined with acupoint application group (patients from January 2020 to June 2021, n=64). Acupuncture combined with acupoint application group was treated with acupuncture combined with acupoint application on the basis of conventional Western medicine. The intestinal dysfunction score, abdominal circumference and mortality after 4 weeks were compared between the two groups. Results:The abdominal circumference and intestinal dysfunction score in acupuncture combined with acupoint application group were significantly lower than those before treatment [(100.56±9.34)cm vs (106.25±9.74)cm; (0.92±0.72)point vs (2.31±0.69)point, all P< 0.05], while there was no significant difference in the above indexes before and after treatment in the Western medicine treatment group (all P>0.05). The abdominal circumference, intestinal dysfunction score and mortality after 4 weeks in the acupuncture combined with acupoint application group were significantly lower than those in the Western medicine treatment group [(100.56±9.34)cm vs (108.09±10.52)cm; (0.92±0.72)point vs (2.43±0.62)point; (29.7%, 19/64) vs (48.9%, 23/47), all P<0.05]. Conclusions:The curative effect of acupuncture combined with acupoint application in the treatment of intestinal dysfunction secondary to mechanical ventilation in elderly patients with sepsis in emergency is better than that of routine treatment of Western medicine alone. The gastrointestinal function and prognosis of patients have been significantly improved, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Sympathetic cues via the adrenergic signaling critically regulate bone homeostasis and contribute to neurostress-induced bone loss, but the mechanisms and therapeutics remain incompletely elucidated. Here, we reveal an osteoclastogenesis-centered functionally important osteopenic pathogenesis under sympatho-adrenergic activation with characterized microRNA response and efficient therapeutics. We discovered that osteoclastic miR-21 was tightly regulated by sympatho-adrenergic cues downstream the β2-adrenergic receptor (β₂AR) signaling, critically modulated osteoclastogenesis in vivo by inhibiting programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4), and mediated detrimental effects of both isoproterenol (ISO) and chronic variable stress (CVS) on bone. Intriguingly, without affecting osteoblastic bone formation, bone protection against ISO and CVS was sufficiently achieved by a (D-Asp₈)-lipid nanoparticle-mediated targeted inhibition of osteoclastic miR-21 or by clinically relevant drugs to suppress osteoclastogenesis. Collectively, these results unravel a previously underdetermined molecular and functional paradigm that osteoclastogenesis crucially contributes to sympatho-adrenergic regulation of bone and establish multiple targeted therapeutic strategies to counteract osteopenias under stresses.
Adrenergic Agents/pharmacology* ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/pharmacology* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism* ; Humans ; Liposomes ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Nanoparticles ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis/physiology* ; RNA-Binding Proteins/pharmacology*

Objective:To study the effects of FcγRIIb gene modified dendritic cells on liver function and rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation in rats.Methods:The recombinant lentivirus expression vector TRE-FcγRIIb containing Lewis rat FcγRIIb gene was constructed by gene cloning technique. TRE-FcγRIIb expression virus and TET-on regulatory virus were packaged and co-infected with immature dendritic cells derived from DA rat bone marrow. The expression of FcγRIIb was detected. Donor rats DA and recipient Lewis were paired according to body weight and then randomly divided into three groups. The control group (group A) did not receive any pretreatment. The Lewis rats in group B were treated with cyclosporin A on the 2nd day after liver TX. Immature dendritic cells derived from bone marrow of DA rats were injected intravenously one day before liver TX in FcγRIIb gene modified immature dendritic cells (1×10 6 cells)group (group C). Blood and liver tissue were biopsied 7 days after operation to detect liver function and pathological changes. Results:The abnormal liver function in FcγRIIb gene modified immature dendritic cells group (group C) was significantly lower than that of control group 7 days after operation ( P<0.05), and the liver pathological rejection of FcγRIIb gene modified immature dendritic cells group (group C) was significantly lower than that of control group 7 days after operation ( P<0.05). The average survival days of rats in the control group was 12.8 days; the average survival days of rats in the cyclosporin A group was 65.3 days; the average survival days of rats in the FcγRIIb gene-modified immature dendritic cell group was 58.5 days. Conclusion:FcγRIIb gene modified immature dendritic cells can ameliorate liver dysfunction and acute liver rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Objective:To explore whether there is Warburg effect in keloid fibroblasts (KFs) , hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) and atrophic scar fibroblasts (ASFs).Methods:KFs, HSFs, ASFs and NFs were isolated and cultured, respectively, in vitro. Glucose consumption and lactate production of the cells in each group were tested and compared. The mRNA expression of key glycolytic enzymes was detected, including hexokinase 2 (HK2), fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), pyruvate kinase isoform M 2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). In addition, the effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose(2-DG) on the proliferation of KFs and NFs were detected and compared.Results:Glucose consumption and lactate production in KFs were 45.5% and 38.1% higher than those in NFs respectively ( P<0.01), while there was no statistical difference in glucose consumption and lactate production between ASFs and NFs, HSFs and NFs ( P>0.05). The mRNA expression of HK2, PKM2 and LDHA genes in KFs were 4.7, 2.7 and 1.8 times higher than those in NFs ( P<0.05), respectively, while the gene expressions in ASFs and HSFs had no statistical differences from those in NFs ( P>0.05). Under the action of 2-DG, the cell proliferation activity in KF group and NF group were reduced by 37.5% and 27.0%, respectively, indicating that the inhibition effect of glycolysis inhibitor on the proliferation activity of KFs was significantly higher than that of NFs. Conclusions:There is Warburg effect in KFs and there are no similar phenomena in HSFs and ASFs.

Objective: To learn the epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）in Huzhou,so as to provide reference for prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: All the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Huzhou,diagnosed according to the COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment Plan（Sixth Version Trial）and reported from January 25 to February 7,2020,were recruited. The process of diagnosis and treatment,clinical manifestation,exposure history and close contacts were collected to analyze the epidemiological characteristics. Results: On January 25,the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Huzhou was reported. By February 7,totally 10 confirmed cases were reported and no asymptomatic infection was found. They were all imported,including three Wuhan residents,two with a trip to Wuhan,three with a trip to Suizhou,one with a trip to Hangzhou and one with a trip to Thailand（two Wuhan passengers on the same flight）. The ratio of male to female cases was 1∶1. The median age was 32 years old. Seven cases were found when they went to a doctor by themselves,and three cases were found during the quarantine. The main clinical manifestations were fever,dry cough and fatigue. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 3 days. By March 3,all the cases were discharged,with median course of 24 days. There were 312 close contacts,and all of them were released after 14 days of quarantine. Conclusions To prevent imported cases from outside and stop spread inside taken by Huzhou government was proved to be effective. All the COVID-19 cases in Huzhou were imported,mostly from Wuhan. No local cases were reported.