OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of reinioside C (RC) on the expression of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor (LOX)-1 mRNA and LOX-1 protein induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS: HUVECs were cultured with ox-LDL (50 mg/L) for 24 h in the absence or presence of RC (1, 3, and 10 micromol/L). The expressions of LOX-1 mRNA and LOX-1 protein were examined by RT-PCR and Western-blot. RESULTS: Incubation with ox-LDL (50 mg/L) significantly raised the expression of LOX-1 mRNA and LOX-1 protein,which was concentration-dependent. CONCLUSION RC can inhibit the increased expression of LOX-1 mRNA and LOX-1 protein induced by ox-LDL in HUVECs.
Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; pharmacology ; Polygala ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, LDL ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology ; metabolism

A 21-kDa leptospiral lipoprotein (LipL21) was evaluated for its diagnostic potential to detect bovine leptospirosis by ELISA. Both native LipL21 (nLipL21) and recombinant LipL21 (rLipL21) proteins were tested and compared regarding diagnostic efficiency, and no statistically significant difference was observed. The sensitivity of rLipL21 ELISA for 62 microscopic agglutination test (MAT) positive sera was 100% and the specificity with 378 MAT negative sera was 97.09%. Thus, rLipL21 protein-based ELISA could be used as an alternative to MAT for the diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis.
Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/blood ; Antigens, Bacterial/biosynthesis/*chemistry/genetics ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis/*chemistry/genetics ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/blood/*microbiology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary ; Leptospira interrogans/*isolation & purification ; Leptospirosis/blood/microbiology/*veterinary ; Lipoproteins/biosynthesis/*chemistry/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity

This study is to investigate the protein and mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in U937 foam cells and effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the cytokines. U937 cells were cultured with different concentrations of GbE (0.1, 1, and 10 microg x L(-1)), and stimulated by 100 mg x L(-1) oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 24 h. The expressions of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in culture solution were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that incubated with 100 mg x L(-1) ox-LDL for 24 h, the U937 cells became foam cells, the protein or mRNA expressions of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and its receptor IL-10R in U937 foam cells were higher markedly than those in normal U937 cells. When the cells were pretreated with GbE (0.1, 1, and 10 microg x L(-1)), the increases of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in U937 foam cells were remarkably inhibited, but IL-10 expression increased greatly. Especially when cells were pretreated with 10 microg x L(-1) GbE, the protein and mRNA expressions of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were markedly lower than those in U937 foam cells. The protein expression of IL-10 and mRNA expressions of IL-10 and its receptor IL-10R were markedly higher than those in U937 foam cells. GbE inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, but up-regulated the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and its receptor IL-10R in U937 foam cells, which might be related with its anti-atherosclerotic actions.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Foam Cells ; metabolism ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Interleukin-1beta ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-10 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; U937 Cells

OBJECTIVETo study on the regulatory mechanism of lipid metabolism disorders in the blood fat of hyperlipemia rat model with Olive Antihyperlipidemia capsule, and do systematic observation on the functions of this medicine on low And high density lipoprotein receptor in rat liver gene expression, and then to clarify the mechanism of action of this medicine on treating hyperlipemia.

METHODTo select SD rat as investigated subject. The hyperlipemia rat models were made with feeding high-fat forage and were randomly divided into six groups based on the total cholesterol level at the ratsfasting for 12 hours: group A, B, C, D, E and group F. The samples in the research were collected and analyzed the changes of LDLR/SR-B1 gene expression in rat's liver by RT-PCR.

RESULTOlive Antihyperlipidemia capsule can markedly enhance LDLR/SR-B1 gene expression in rat's liver and finally accomplish the purpose of reducing blood fat. The experiment shows this medicine has the remarkable effect on hyperlipidemia and proved the theoretical system of treating hyperlipemia for curing the liver is correct.

CONCLUSIONOlive Antihyperlipidemia capsule has an applicable value on preventing the cause, enhance LDLR/SR-B1 gene expression in rat's liver and finally accomplish the purpose of reducing blood fat and development of hyperlipemia and its complications.

Animals ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Hyperlipidemias ; genetics ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; genetics ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Olea ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, LDL ; genetics ; Receptors, Lipoprotein ; genetics ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B ; genetics

AIMTo investigate the effect of ginkgolide B on the proliferation of VSMC and the secretion of chemokines by U937 cells stimulated by oxLDL or PAF. In addition, to analyze whether the effect of oxLDL is mediated through PAF receptor.

METHODSUsing 3H-Tdr incorporation assay, the proliferation of VSMC was measured. The protein and mRNA level of MCP-1 and IL-8 in U937 cells were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA. Using Western blotting the p65 and IkappaB was quantified. The binding of oxLDL to U937 cell was measured by a radio-ligand binding assay of 3H-PAF.

RESULTSGinkgolide B inhibited, in dose-dependent manner, the proliferation of VSMC and the secretion of chemokines by U937 cells stimulated by oxLDL, and inhibited the oxLDL-induced p65 activation and depletion of IKappaB. oxLDL inhibited PAF binding to U937 cells.

CONCLUSIONGinkgolide B, as a PAF antagonist, possesses the effect of inhibiting the proliferation of VSMC and the secretion of chemokines by U937 cells stimulated by oxLDL in vitro. The effect of oxLDL is, at least in part, mediated through PAF receptor.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; cytology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CCL2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Diterpenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Ginkgolides ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Lactones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Platelet Activating Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Synaptotagmin I ; metabolism ; U937 Cells