Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is known to be attached to the luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells in a complex with membrane-bound heparan sulfate, and released into blood stream by heparin. LPL that catalyzes hydrolysis of triglyceride (TGL) on chylomicron and VLDL into two fatty acids and monoacylglycerol, is also implicated to participate in an enhancement of cholesterol uptake by arterial endothelial cells in vitro. But little is known about the LPL-mediated cholesterol uptake in physiological state. In this study, changes in blood lipid composition and levels of lipoproteins were determined after the injection of heparin in human. The level of LPL in plasma was increased from 0 to 11 mU/ml within 30-40 min post-heparin administration and decreased to the basal level within 2 h. The level of TGL in plasma decreased from 70 mg/dl to 20 mg/dl within 1 h and gradually increased to 80 mg/dl within 4 h. However the level of total cholesterol in plasma remained at 140 mg/dl during an experimental period of 4 h. Analysis of Lipoproteins in plasma by NaBr density gradient ultracentrifugation showed that the level of VLDL decreased from 50 mg/dl to 10 mg/dl within 1-2 h and returned to normal plasm level at 4 h. However there were no significant changes in the level of LDL and HDL. These results suggest that, at least, in normo-lipidemic subjects, increased free plasm LPL acts primarily on VLDL and failed to show any significant uptake of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in human.
Adult ; Cholesterol/blood ; Heparin/pharmacology* ; Heparin/administration & dosage ; Human ; Immunoblotting ; Lipoprotein Lipase/blood* ; Lipoproteins/blood* ; Lipoproteins, HDL/blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Triglycerides/blood

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) supplementation on metabolic parameters, inflammatory markers, and arterial stiffness in subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center study in 60 subjects who were not taking drugs that could affect metabolic and vascular functions. Subjects were randomized into either a KRG (4.5 g/d) group or a placebo group for a 12-week study. We collected anthropometric measurements, blood for laboratory testing, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) at the initial (week 0) and final (week 12) visits. RESULTS: A total of 48 subjects successfully completed the study protocol. Oral administration of KRG did not significantly affect blood pressure, oxidative or inflammatory markers, or baPWV. CONCLUSION: We found no evidence that KRG had an effect on blood pressure, lipid profile, oxidized low density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, or arterial stiffness in subjects with metabolic syndrome. These findings warrant subsequent longer-term prospective clinical investigations with a larger population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00976274
Administration, Oral ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Fasting ; Lipoproteins ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Panax ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vascular Stiffness

OBJECTIVETo investigate effects of serum HDL(1) on the formation of foam cells from human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages.

METHODSSectie density polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sd-PAGE) was applied for isolation and preparation of HDL(1) simultaneously. Monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation and plastic adsorptive process. The isolated monocytes were stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) at a concentration of 50 nmol/L for 48 h and transferred to macrophages. The monocyte-derived macrophages were then coincubated with 80 mg/L ox-LDL and HDL(1) (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/L) for 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively. The formation of foam cells was identified by transmission electron microscope (TEM), total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC) and protein (Pro) in cultured cells were quantitatively analyzed by high performance chromatography (HPLC) and modified lowry protein assay, respectively.

RESULTSHDL(1) isolated from human serum by sd-PAGE could significantly decrease TC/Pro ratio in foam cells in a concentration-dependent (0 mg/L: 36.9 +/- 1.1, 10.0 mg/L: 6.2 +/- 0.4, P < 0.01) and time-dependent (10.0 mg/L HDL(1) 6 h: 16.9 +/- 0.9, 24 h: 6.4 +/- 0.6, P < 0.01) manner.

CONCLUSIONHDL(1) is capable of inhibiting and attenuating the formation of foam cells by decreasing cellular TC, therefore, might play an important role in attenuating atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol, LDL ; metabolism ; Foam Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Monocytes ; cytology ; metabolism

Animals ; Arteriosclerosis ; drug therapy ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; Lipids ; blood ; Lipoproteins ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Male ; Rabbits ; Tablets ; Triglycerides ; blood

Animals ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

A simplified colorimetric method for measurement of the levels of glycosylation of proteins was developed by a modification of an existing method. Employing this method, the extent of nonenzymatic glycosylation of apolipoprotein B subspecies(B-100, B-74, B-26), LDL, VLDL and total serum proteins in human plasma obtained from patients with diabetes mellitus and control subjects was compared. Plasma LDL (1.019 < d < 1.063) and VLDL(d < 1.006) were separated using the sequential ultracentrifugation method, and the subspecies of apolipoprotein B were isolated by extracting them from polyacrylamide gels after they were separated by preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Increases in the level of glycosylation of serum proteins, LDL, VLDL, and apo B subspecies obtained from diabetic patients were observed. Among them, the increases of glycosylated LDL and apo B-26 were most significant (p < .001). Also, good correlations were found between glycosylations of apo B-26 and LDL (r=.88), and glycosylation of LDL and LDL cholesterol level(r=.79). The results also showed an excellent correlation between levels of HbA1c and glycosylated apo B-26(r=.93).
Adult ; Colorimetry/methods* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent/blood* ; Glycosylation ; Human ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood*

The selective removal of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and fibrinogen (Fib) by degraded carrageenan was studied by the present authors. Degraded carrageenan was prepared by acid with carrageenan as the main material. The effects of acid conditions on the molecular weight were investigated, and the proper reaction conditions were ascertained. The results of infrared spectrometry indicated that the degraded carrageenan is a heparin-like polysaccharide. Then the selective removal of LDL/Fibrinogen by degraded carrageenan was studied. When molecular weight was about 10,000, pH was 5.10 and the concentration of degraded carrageenan was 800 mg/L, the average reduction percentages were 60.0% for total cholesterol(TC), 79.4% for LDL and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and 93.8% for fibrinogen. There were no significant changes with relation to the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total protein (TP). So, degraded carrageenan was shown to be of good selectivity on plasma LDL/Fibrinogen apheresis.
Carrageenan ; chemistry ; Fibrinogen ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; isolation & purification

The preparation of a novel amphiphilic dietary fiber LDL adsorbent with sulfonic group and laurylamine group was studied. The effects of reaction time and reaction temperature on the adsorption rate were studied. The results show that the adsorption rates for the removal of Total cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are 40.8%, 50.8% and 23.6%, respectively. The amphiphilic adsorbent has better selectivity in removing LDL-C.
Adsorption ; Binding, Competitive ; Cholesterol ; blood ; isolation & purification ; Dietary Fiber ; pharmacology ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; isolation & purification

Adult ; Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Regression Analysis ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

A predisposition to occlusive vascular diseases has been reported in patients with psoriasis and it has been suggested that some of these patients have some disorders of lipid metabolism. In this study, serum lipid levels were investigated in psoriatic patients to explore to the knowledge of this relationship. One hundred psoriatic patients and 100 non- psoriatic controls were included in the study. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-cholesterol) levels were measured. In patients with psoriasis, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were found to be significantly higher than those of controls. No significant differences were found in the other parameters. We concluded that psoriatic patients should be evaluated and followed up for the risk of hyperlipidemia and obstructive vascular diseases.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cholesterol/blood ; Female ; Human ; Lipids/*blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psoriasis/*blood ; Reference Values