Humans ; Inflammation ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; chemistry

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is known to be attached to the luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells in a complex with membrane-bound heparan sulfate, and released into blood stream by heparin. LPL that catalyzes hydrolysis of triglyceride (TGL) on chylomicron and VLDL into two fatty acids and monoacylglycerol, is also implicated to participate in an enhancement of cholesterol uptake by arterial endothelial cells in vitro. But little is known about the LPL-mediated cholesterol uptake in physiological state. In this study, changes in blood lipid composition and levels of lipoproteins were determined after the injection of heparin in human. The level of LPL in plasma was increased from 0 to 11 mU/ml within 30-40 min post-heparin administration and decreased to the basal level within 2 h. The level of TGL in plasma decreased from 70 mg/dl to 20 mg/dl within 1 h and gradually increased to 80 mg/dl within 4 h. However the level of total cholesterol in plasma remained at 140 mg/dl during an experimental period of 4 h. Analysis of Lipoproteins in plasma by NaBr density gradient ultracentrifugation showed that the level of VLDL decreased from 50 mg/dl to 10 mg/dl within 1-2 h and returned to normal plasm level at 4 h. However there were no significant changes in the level of LDL and HDL. These results suggest that, at least, in normo-lipidemic subjects, increased free plasm LPL acts primarily on VLDL and failed to show any significant uptake of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in human.
Adult ; Cholesterol/blood ; Heparin/pharmacology* ; Heparin/administration & dosage ; Human ; Immunoblotting ; Lipoprotein Lipase/blood* ; Lipoproteins/blood* ; Lipoproteins, HDL/blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Triglycerides/blood

Animals ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adult ; Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Regression Analysis ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

OBJECTIVETo investigate effects of serum HDL(1) on the formation of foam cells from human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages.

METHODSSectie density polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sd-PAGE) was applied for isolation and preparation of HDL(1) simultaneously. Monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation and plastic adsorptive process. The isolated monocytes were stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) at a concentration of 50 nmol/L for 48 h and transferred to macrophages. The monocyte-derived macrophages were then coincubated with 80 mg/L ox-LDL and HDL(1) (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/L) for 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively. The formation of foam cells was identified by transmission electron microscope (TEM), total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC) and protein (Pro) in cultured cells were quantitatively analyzed by high performance chromatography (HPLC) and modified lowry protein assay, respectively.

RESULTSHDL(1) isolated from human serum by sd-PAGE could significantly decrease TC/Pro ratio in foam cells in a concentration-dependent (0 mg/L: 36.9 +/- 1.1, 10.0 mg/L: 6.2 +/- 0.4, P < 0.01) and time-dependent (10.0 mg/L HDL(1) 6 h: 16.9 +/- 0.9, 24 h: 6.4 +/- 0.6, P < 0.01) manner.

CONCLUSIONHDL(1) is capable of inhibiting and attenuating the formation of foam cells by decreasing cellular TC, therefore, might play an important role in attenuating atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol, LDL ; metabolism ; Foam Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Monocytes ; cytology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo examine the plasma lipid level and distribution of dyslipidemia in workers of Chongqing enterprises and institutions.

METHODSBy using cluster sampling method, 20 000 workers of Chongqing enterprises and institutions aged 18 to 60 were selected as target population from January to October, 2009. We conducted questionnaire survey, physical and laboratory examinations including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Workers were divided into 18 - 29 years old group, 30 - 39 years old group, 40 - 49 years old group and 50 - 60 years old group. Characteristic and distribution of dyslipidemia were analyzed.

RESULTSTotal cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly different in various age group (all P < 0.01). TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in the 30 years and over groups were all significantly higher than in the under 30 years old group(all P < 0.01). The TG levels in the 40 - 49 years old group and the 50 - 60 years old group were similar (P > 0.05). After adjusting for age, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in males were all significantly higher than in females (all P < 0.01). The incidence of dyslipidemia in this population was 35.01% and significantly higher in males than that of females (58.27% vs. 11.01%, P < 0.01). The incidence of dyslipidemia increased with aging (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of dyslipidemia is high in Chongqing enterprises and institutions. The incidence of dyslipidemia is higher in males than in females and higher among the 30 years and over workers than that of under 30 years old workers.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Dyslipidemias ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Young Adult

AIMTo explore the effects of cholesterol rich diet on the activities of blood coagulative and fibrinolytic systems in male rabbits.

METHODS14 male New Zealand white rabbits were randomized to cholesterol rich diet(CRD) group and common diet (control) group. Rabbits in CRD group were fed with 1% cholesterol embedded diet and those in the control group were fed with common diet. Levels of blood TG, TC, LDL, HDL, Lp(a), apoA1, apoB, FIB, D-dimers and FDP, PT and APTT, activity of ADP, AT-III, PLG and alpha2-PI were tested in all rabbits before given cholesterol rich diet and after 12 weeks' feeding with different kinds of diet.

RESULTSLevels of blood TG, TC, LDL, HDL, Lp(a), apoA1, apoB, FIB, D-dimers in CRD group were all elevated significantly compared with those in the control group and the baseline levels. PT and APTT were shortened, ADP, PLG and alpha2-PI activity were increased in CRD group.

CONCLUSIONCholesterol rich diet not only is the direct cause of hyperlipidemia but also can increase the coagulative activity and inhibit the fibrinolytic activity and promoting the evolution of arteriosclerosis.

Animals ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; pharmacology ; Fibrinolysis ; drug effects ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Male ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Rabbits

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to quantitatively measure changes in lipids and lipoproteins during perimenopause and to identify variables related to these changes. METHODS: Among women who had three regular health evaluations over a span of 2-4 years, 34 women remained in the premenopausal state, 34 premenopausal women transitioned to the postmenopausal state, and 36 postmenopausal women were enrolled. The menopausal state was determined not only by a history of amenorrhea but also by levels of female sex hormones. Yearly changes in lipids were calculated using a linear regression of the three measurements. RESULTS: The transition from premenopause to postmenopause was associated with increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 7.4 +/- 8.0 mg/dL (4.2 +/- 4.9%) and 6.9 +/- 6.5 mg/dL (6.8 +/- 7.0%) over one year, resulting in an elevation of 19.6 +/- 22.6 mg/dL (10.9 +/- 13.0%) and 18.9 +/- 19.5 mg/dL (18.6 +/- 20.3%), respectively, during perimenopause. There were no changes observed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Body weight, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides did not change in any of the three groups. In all women, changes in both total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were associated with changes in follicle stimulating hormone (r = 0.40, p < 0.001 and r = 0.38, p < 0.001, respectively). Changes in triglycerides were associated with changes in body weight (r = 0.28, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: During perimenopause, total and LDL cholesterol levels increase and these changes in cholesterol are mainly dependent on changes in female sex hormones.
Adult ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood ; Humans ; Lipids/*blood ; Lipoproteins/*blood ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause/*blood ; Premenopause/*blood

Previous studies on life style for colorectal cancer risk suggest that serum lipids and glucose might be related to adenomatous polyps as well as to colorectal carcinogenesis. This case-control study was conducted to investigate the associations between serum lipids, blood glucose, and other factors and the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyp. Male cases with colorectal adenomatous polyp, histologically confirmed by colonoscopy (n=134), and the same number of male controls matched by age for men were selected in hospitals in Seoul, Korea between January 1997 and October 1998. Serum lipids and glucose levels were tested after the subjects had fasted for at least 12 hr. Conditional logistic regression showed that there was a significant trend of increasing adenomatous polyp risk with the rise in serum cholesterol level (Ptrend=0.07). Increasing trend for the risk with triglyceride was also seen (Ptrend=0.01). HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol had increasing trends for the risk, which were not significant. In particular, it was noted that higher fasting blood glucose level reduced the adenomatous polyp risk for men (Ptrend=0.001). This study concluded that both serum cholesterol and triglyceride were positively related to the increased risk for colorectal adenomatous polyp in Korea. Findings on an inverse relationship between serum glucose and the risk should be pursued in further studies.
Adenomatous Polyps/blood* ; Blood Glucose/analysis* ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholesterol/blood* ; Colonic Neoplasms/blood* ; Human ; Korea ; Lipids/blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol/blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol/blood ; Male ; Rectal Neoplasms/blood* ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides/blood*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and serum soluble CD163.

METHODSA total of 336 patients with heart valve disease were included in this study, including 167 with AF and 169 with sinus rhythm. The clinical data were compared between the two grops, and Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with AF.

RESULTSThe levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL - 6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and left atrial diameter (LAD) all differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.05). Serum soluble CD163 levels in AF patients were significantly higher than those in patients with sinus rhythm (P<0.05). Serum soluble CD163 was positively correlated with TNF (r=0.244, P=0.244), IL-6 (r=0.186, P=0.186), hs-CRP (r=0.183, P=0.183) and LAD (r=0.194, P=0.194) in patients with AF. Logistic regression analysis showed that LAD, IL-6, TNF, hs-CRP and CD163 were all associated with AF. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve of serum soluble CD163 was 0.861 in patients with AF (CI 95%: 0.820-0.901, P<0.01) with a sensitivity and a specificity of 80.8 and 76.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSerum soluble CD163 level may be a risk factor for AF, and an increased soluble CD163 level may indicate active inflammation in AF patients.

Antigens, CD ; blood ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; blood ; Atrial Fibrillation ; blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Heart Atria ; pathology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; blood ; Risk Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood