No abstract available.
Gels* ; Lipopolysaccharides* ; Silver* ; Sodium*

No abstract available.
Bacteriolysis* ; Galactose* ; Lipopolysaccharides* ; Salmonella typhi* ; Salmonella*

No abstract available.
Lipopolysaccharides* ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis*

The enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) is a polysaccharide composed of polysaccharide repeats that are located in the outer membrane of almost all Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and has diverse biological functions. ECA is synthesized by the synergistic action of multiple genes that are present in clusters on the genome of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, forming the ECA antigen gene cluster, an important virulence factor that plays a role in host invasion and survival of Enterobacteriaceae in vivo. ECA also plays an important role in the maintenance of the bacterial outer membrane permeability barrier, flagella gene expression, swarming motility, and bile salts resistance. In addition, ECALPS, anchored in the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, is an important surface antigen for bacteria, stimulating high levels of antibody production in the host and could be a target for vaccine research. This review summarizes ECA purification, genes involved in ECA biosynthesis, its immunological characteristics, biological functions and clinical applications.
Antigens, Bacterial/genetics* ; Enterobacteriaceae/genetics* ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Polysaccharides

As a form of new programmed cell death, pyroptosis is divided into a canonical pyroptosis pathway and a non-canonical pyroptosis pathway. In recent years, it is reported that non-canonical pyroptosis is closely related to inflammatory reactions, which directly affects the occurrence, development, and outcome of sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, respiratory disease, nerve system inflammatory disease, and other inflammatory diseases. When the cells were infected with Gram-negative bacteria or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), it can induce the activation of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase(caspase)-4/5/11 and directly bind to the cells to cleave gasdermin D (GSDM-D) into the active amino-terminus of GSDM-D. The amino-terminus of GSDM-D with membrane punching activity migrates to the cell membrane, triggering the rupture of the cell membrane, and the cell contents discharge, leading to the occurrence of non-canonical pyroptosis. After activation of caspase-11, it also promotes the canonical pyroptosis, activates and releases interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, which aggravated inflammation. Caspase-4/5/11, GSDM-D, Toll-like receptor 4 and high mobility group protein B1 are the key molecules of the non-canonical pyroptosis. Exploring the mechanisms of non-canonical pyroptosis and the related research progresses in inflammatory diseases intensively is of great significance for clinical prevention and treatment of the relevant diseases.
Caspases ; Humans ; Inflammasomes ; Inflammation ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Pyroptosis ; Sepsis

The present study is to investigate the chemical constituents and anti-inflammation of agarwood produced via whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique( Agar-Wit) from Aquilaria sinensis by column chromatographic technique and semi-preparation HPLC.Eleven sesquiterpenes were isolated from the agarwood produced by Agar-Wit,and their structures were identified on the basis of physiochemical characteristics and spectroscopic data analysis as baimuxinol( 1),5α,7α( H)-eudesm-11( 13)-en-4α-ol( 2),( 7 S,9 S,10 S)-( +)-9-hydroxy-selina-4,11-dien-14-al( 3),petafolia A( 4),7( 11)-eremophilen-8-one( 5),neopetasane( 6),petafolia B( 7),11-hydroxy-valenc-1( 10)-en-2-one( 8),( 4αβ,7β,8αβ)-3,4,4α,5,6,7,8,8α-octahydro-7-[1-( hydroxymethyl) ethenyl]-4α-methylnaphthalene-1-carboxaldehyde( 9),12-hydroxy-4( 5),11( 13)-eudesmadien-15-al( 10),and( 4 R,5 R,7 S,9 S,10 S)-(-)-eudesma-11( 13)-en-4,9-diol( 11). Among them,compound 1 was a new natural product,and this is the first time to report its13 CNMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 4,9 and 10 were reported from Aquilaria for the first time,and all the compounds are firstly isolated by Agar-Wit from A. sinensis. The anti-inflammatory activity of RAW264. 7 cells with lipopolysaccharide-induced was evaluated.As a result,1,4 and 9 showed potential anti-inflammatory activities with IC50 values( 2. 5±0. 35),( 3. 2±0. 2),( 4. 3±0. 56) μmol·L^-1,respectively. This work provided scientific foundation for quality evaluation of the agarwood produced by Agar-Wit.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Sesquiterpenes ; Thymelaeaceae ; Trees

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the perioperative outcomes in patients with symptomatic uterine myoma who underwent laparoscopic (LM) or laparoscopically assisted myomectomy (LAM). METHODS: A total of 207 patients with myoma underwent LM or LAM in Samsung Medical Center between October 2006 and March 2010. Of them, 121 patients with LM and 50 with LAM met the inclusion criteria and were compared for the perioperative outcomes. RESULTS: The operation time was significantly shorter in the LAM group than in the LM group (111 min versus 139 min; p<.001, respectively). Estimated blood loss was significantly higher in the LAM group (p<.001). Intraoperative, early postoperative complications, hospitalization days and postoperative analgesics use were similar between the 2 study groups. CONCLUSION: LM and LAM is comparable in the perioperative outcomes in patients with symptomatic uterine myoma.
Analgesics ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Myoma ; Postoperative Complications

Linear atrophoderma of Moulin (LAM) is a distinct clinical entity characterized by acquired atrophic band-like skin lesions that often show hyperpigmentation and always follow the lines of Blaschko. In general, no preceding inflammation is noted, and there is no induration of scleroderma. Usually the condition begins in childhood or adolescence, and there is no evidence of any long-term progression. There are only about 30 reported cases and most of them are located in trunk and extremities. LAM that developed on the neck have been reported only once in the English literature. We report an uncommon case of LAM, which developed on the neck of a 57-year old woman.
Adolescent ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Inflammation ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Neck ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Various aspects of immunological homeostasis are affected by anesthesia and surgery, including the function of immunocompetent cells and the modulation of stress responses. To evaluate immunologic changes that occurred following propofol and enflurane anesthesia, we evaluated the proliferative responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. METHODS: PBMC were isolated from patients prior to anesthesia and on the first postoperative day (n = 10). The proliferative response was then evaluated based on the level of 5-bromo-2-deoxyunridine (BrdU) incorporation that occurred during DNA synthesisafter the induction of mitogenic stimulation by treatment with 1 microgram/ml lipopolysaccharides (LPS). To accomplish this, cell proliferation was assayed by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), after which a stimulation index was calculated. RESULTS: Although the calculated stimulation index decreased in response to both propofol and enflurane anesthesia, the stimulation index did not differ significantly between groups. However, following stimulation with LPS, the stimulation index was significantly higher in the enflurane group than in the propofol group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Propofol and enflurane anesthesia inhibit the PBMC proliferation. However, the decrease in proliferation that occurred in response to enflurane was attenuated by LPS.
Anesthesia ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA ; Enflurane ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Propofol

The aim of this paper was to observe the anti-inflammatory action and mechanism of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract in xylene-induced ear swelling experiment and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammatory model. In vivo, xylene-induced mouse auricle swelling model was used to detect the auricle swelling degree and swelling inhibition rate of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract; the pathological changes of mice auricle were observed by hematoxylin eosin(HE) staining. In vitro, RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model was induced by LPS, where the cytotoxic effects of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract on RAW264.7 cells were detected by CCK-8 method; Griess method was used to detect the effect of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract on nitric oxide(NO) production, and ELISA method was used to detect the content of inflammatory factors interleukin-6(IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). At last, Western blot was used to detect the protein changes of cyclooxygenase 1(COX1), COX2 and inducible nitric oxide synthetase(iNOS) for RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that both Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract could significantly inhibit the degree of auricle swelling caused by xylene in mice and the inhibition rate was positively correlated with the drug dose. Furthermore, both of them could reduce the infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils in mouse ear tissues. For in vitro experiments, both Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract inhibited NO secretion in RAW264.7 cells, down-regulated the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and down-regulated iNOS protein and COX2, NF-κB p65 protein content. In conclusion, both Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract have good anti-inflammatory effect, and the mechanism may be related with the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lonicera ; Mice ; Plant Extracts