CT and MRI are utilized to differentiate between different types of masses and to determine the extent of lesions involving the lacrimal gland and the fossa. Although many diseases that affect the lacrimal gland and fossa are specifically diagnosed by imaging, it is frequently very difficult to differentiate each specific disease on the basis of image characteristics alone due to intrinsic similarities. In lacrimal gland epithelial tumors, benign pleomorphic adenomas are seen most commonly with a well defined benign appearance, and a malignant adenoid cystic carcinoma is seen with a typical invasive malignant appearance. However, a malignant myoepithelial carcinoma is seen with a benign looking appearance. Lymphomatous lesions of the lacrimal gland include a broad spectrum ranging from reactive hyperplasia to malignant lymphoma. These lesions can be very difficult to differentiate both radiologically and pathologically. Generally, lymphomas tend to occur in older patients. The developmental cystic lesions found in the lacrimal fossa such as dermoid and epidermoid cysts can be diagnosed when the cyst involves the superior temporal quadrant of the orbit and manifests as a non-enhancing cystic mass and, in case of a lipoma, it is diagnosed as a total fatty mass. However, masses of granulocytic sarcoma and xanthogranuloma, as well as vascular masses, such as a hemangiopericytoma, are difficult to diagnose correctly on the basis of preoperative imaging findings alone. A careful clinical evaluation and moreover, a pathologic verification, are needed. In this pictorial review, the various imaging spectrums of pathologic masses involving the lacrimal gland and fossa are presented, along with appropriate anatomy and pathology reviews.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiography ; Conjunctival Neoplasms/radiography ; Cysts/radiography ; Eye Neoplasms/*radiography ; Hemangiopericytoma/radiography ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus/*pathology ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/radiography ; Lipoma/radiography ; Lymphoma/radiography ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/radiography ; Neurofibroma/radiography ; Sarcoma, Myeloid/radiography

Cardiomegaly is a commonly encountered clinical presentation on simple chest radiographs, and it usually indicates the enlargement of one or more cardiac chambers. However, cardiomegaly less commonly comes from abnormalities in the structures adjacent to the heart, including pericardial effusion, enlarged great vessels, or mediastinal tumors. Pericardial lipoma is a rare primary cardiac tumor that can grow to a large size by the time of diagnosis and result in huge cardiomegaly because of a lack of symptoms. Here, we report a rare case of giant pericardial lipoma that presented as huge cardiomegaly on simple chest radiographs. Multi-modality cardiovascular imaging, including echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, played a key role in the diagnosis and development of a therapeutic treatment plan for the present case.
Cardiomegaly* ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Neoplasms ; Lipoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericardium ; Radiography, Thoracic

Intraosseous hemangioma is a rare, slow-growing, benign tumor of blood vessels. Primary hemangioma of the skull is a benign lesion that may appear as a palpable mass or accidentally detected during image evaluation. Simple radiography is the most commonly used technique to localize a lesion and computed tomography (CT) may help determine the effect of a lesion. We report a case of multifocal intraosseous calvarial hemangioma developed in the subgaleal plane of an elderly male patient. Ultrasonography examination revealed hyperechoic striated septae parallel to the skin and discontinuity of the focal cortex, however, the underlying bone cortex appeared relatively intact. No significant flow is observed on Doppler ultrasonography. Based on these evaluations, the mass was interpreted by a radiologist as a subgaleal lipoma. This case highlights the importance of additional CT examination in a patient presenting with a scalloping sign of the underlying calvarium. Clinicians also should be aware of the possibility of intraosseous calvarial hemangiomas in lesion. Furthermore, the proper choice of congenital vascular malformation term is still quite confusing with misconception present in the literature.
Aged ; Blood Vessels ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Male ; Pectinidae ; Radiography ; Skin ; Skull ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Vascular Malformations

We report two cases of lipoma of the parotid gland which present as a non-tender, freely movable and intraparotid mass. Lipomas are common soft tissue neoplasms but found very rarely in the parotid gland, and so are often not considered in the initial differential diagnosis of parotid gland tumor. We believe that these tumors are cured by simple excision, and thus superficial parotidectomy is enough for treatment.
Adult ; Aged ; Case Report ; Female ; Human ; Lipoma/*pathology/radiography/ultrasonography ; Male ; Parotid Gland/*pathology/radiography/ultrasonography ; Parotid Neoplasms/*pathology/radiography/ultrasonography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We report two cases of lipoma of the parotid gland which present as a non-tender, freely movable and intraparotid mass. Lipomas are common soft tissue neoplasms but found very rarely in the parotid gland, and so are often not considered in the initial differential diagnosis of parotid gland tumor. We believe that these tumors are cured by simple excision, and thus superficial parotidectomy is enough for treatment.
Adult ; Aged ; Case Report ; Female ; Human ; Lipoma/*pathology/radiography/ultrasonography ; Male ; Parotid Gland/*pathology/radiography/ultrasonography ; Parotid Neoplasms/*pathology/radiography/ultrasonography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Button osteoma presents as small circumscribed ivory-like lumps on the skull vault. Although not rare, its diagnosis can be challenging for dermatologists. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the clinical characteristics of button osteoma by reviewing 10 cases. METHODS: Ten patients diagnosed with button osteoma at the Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, between January 2011 and August 2014 were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and analyzed demographic and clinical characteristics including sex, age, sites, number of lesions, symptoms, duration, histopathological finding, radiological findings, and treatment. RESULTS: All patients presented with an asymptomatic small circumscribed hard lump fixed to a bony structure. There were 9 female and 1 male patient, and the mean age was 54 years (range, 28approximately61 years). The most common site was the forehead, and disease duration ranged from 2 weeks to more than 20 years. The differential diagnosis included cranial exostosis, ballooned osteoma, epidermal cyst, and lipoma. Simple radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT) were used to make a confirmative diagnosis. Histopathological findings showed lamellated bony structures with poor vascularization. Ostectomy was performed for 5 patients, and no recurrence was detected within an average of 13.4 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: This review characterized button osteoma. Surgical excision is a useful therapeutic modality after CT-based diagnosis. Further studies with more patients are required to confirm the findings.
Dermatology ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epidermal Cyst ; Exostoses ; Female ; Forehead ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Male ; Medical Records ; Osteoma* ; Radiography ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the MR findings of the spectrum of the Currarino triad and to discuss the potential role of MR imaging in evaluating these anomalies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven children (age range: 2-12 months) with Currarino triad were evaluated using MR imaging, plain radiography, and barium study. In addition, CT scans (n=3) and sonography (n=2) were performed. We retrospectively analyzed MR imaging findings and correlated these with the findings of other imaging modalities. RESULTS: Anorectal anomalies included anorectal stenosis in five patients and an imperforate anus in two. MR imaging findings of anorectal stenosis included an elongated thick-walled anorectal canal and dilatation of the proximal segment of the rectum. In the patients with an imperforate anus, the location of the blind rectal pouch and sphincteric musculature was delineated. In one case, a transcolostomy enema revealed a fistula not evident on MR images. Presacral masses included four teratomas and three lipomas associated with various spinal anomalies. On MR imaging, which gave better results than CT or sonography, a detailed evaluation of presacral masses and associated anomalies was possible. Sacral anomalies included a typical scimitar-shaped sacral defect in five patients, abnormal curvature in one, and malsegmentation in one. In all cases, MR imaging showed the abnormal sacrum, but plain radiography more clearly demonstrated its anomalous shape. CONCLUSION: Various anorectal anomalies, presacral masses, and other associated anomalies were demonstrated by MR imaging. When the Currarino triad is suspected, MR imaging should therefore follow plain radiographs.
Anal Canal ; Anus, Imperforate ; Barium ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Enema ; Fistula ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Radiography ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies ; Sacrum ; Teratoma ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse is frequently confused with a dermolipoma clinically. These two entities have similar clinical appearances, but are clearly distinct. The clinical features, differential diagnosis, and treatment modalities of subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse and dermolipoma are discussed.
Adipose Tissue/*pathology ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoma/*diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbit/pathology/radiography ; Orbital Diseases/*diagnosis ; Orbital Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Prolapse

A subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse is frequently confused with a dermolipoma clinically. These two entities have similar clinical appearances, but are clearly distinct. The clinical features, differential diagnosis, and treatment modalities of subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse and dermolipoma are discussed.
Adipose Tissue/*pathology ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoma/*diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbit/pathology/radiography ; Orbital Diseases/*diagnosis ; Orbital Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Prolapse

Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diaphyses ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lipoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Radiography ; Tibia ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology