BACKGROUND: Early education is an important step in raising children. Many facts prove that early education can promote infants' intellectual development so as to lay good foundation for their future development.OBJECTIVE: To understand the status of infants' intellectual development with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and analyze the effects of early education.DESIGN: Comparative observation.SETTING: Wards of the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences.PARTICIPANTS: We recruited 100 normal newborn infants born in the Department of Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, between January 2000 and December 2001. Guardians of the infants were informed of the research objective. Infants were divided into 2 groups according to their birth date: early education group (n=50) in which the infants were born on Monday, Wednesday, Friday or Sunday; control group (n=50) in which the infants were bom on Tuesday, Thursday or Saturday.METHODS: ① All the parents of the infants in the two groups received the guidance of feeding, infection prevention, inoculation and other health care guidance. On this basis, the parents of the infants in early education group were informed of intellectual development disciplinarian and educational guideline for 0-3 year-old infants when physical examination was performed on the infants at newborn period (twice) and 42 days after birth (once). The parents were asked to raise their infant according to the requirements of the guideline and communicate with the physicians at any moment. In control group, routine physical examination was performed on the infants at new-born period (twice) and 42 days after birth (once), and their parents were not given the early education of pediatric system. ② At 4 months and 3 days to 4 months and 29 days after birth, the infants in the two groups were taken back to hospital. Status of intellectual development was evaluated with intelligence scale for children revised and standardized by the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Children Development Center according to Bayley's Scales of Infant Development [It consisted of intellectual scale and movement scale. Intellectual scale was used for 4.0-5.3 months babies (4 items, Item E: reaching out for building blocks, hand-eye coordination when reaching out, pick up building blocks, and keeping reaching out for things; Item G: noticed small pills; Item H: approached ocular; Item C: fond of playing with him).Movement scale was used for 4.0-5.3 months babies (4 items, Item A: turning their heads freely; Item E: from lying on the back to lying on the side;Item D: part of pollex face to face when holding building blocks; Item C:could sit independently for a moment)]. The primary scores of the infant was obtained from the number of an item which the infant could complete in intellectual development scale, then intellectual index and psychological movement development index were obtained according to his age span from the scale. Those with scores ＞130 were considered excellent, and those with scores ＜ 69 were mental retardation. ③ t test and U test were used in comparison of the differences in metrical and quantitative data.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of intellectual development index and psychological development index between the infants in the two groups. ② Status of infants' intellectual scale and movement scale completion.RESULTS: Totally 100 infants entered the result analysis. ① Intellectual development: Intellectual development index and psychological movement development index were significantly higher in early education group than in control group (103.94±7.64, 111.20±9.40; 93.92±5.18,99.22±5.52, t=8.3,4.7, P ＜ 0.01). ② Status of intellectual scale completion: The number of infants who could complete Items E, D and C was obviously greater in early education group than in control group [36 infants (72%), 8 infants (16%), u=5.6, P ＜ 0.01]. ③ Status of movement scale completion: The number of infants who could complete Items E, D and C was obviously greater in early education group than in control group [45 in fants (90%), 32 infants (64%), 48 infants (96%); 30 infants (60%), 12 infants (24%), 42 infants (84%), u=2.0-4.89, P ＜ 0.05-0.01].CONCLUSION: Early education can improve infants' intellectual development, especially manipulative ability.

Objective To establish a simple, sensitive and accurate analytical method to determine 15 elements in drinking water-related products soak test. Methods Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to determine 15 elements in the soaking liquid. Sc, Ge, In and Bi were used as the internal standard substances. Results The test results showed the linear correlation coefficients for all elements were more than 0.999, the recovery rate were 80.6%-120.0% and precision was fine, RSD was lower than 6.0 %, the test results also showed a close agreement with the reference values in test of reference materials of GSBZ 50009-88, GSBZ 500019-90, GSBZ 50004-88 and GSBZ50039-95. Conclusion This method is simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and suitable for determination of 15 elements in drinking water-related products soak test.

Objective: To investigate the postoperative change of concentration of CD_(41) in peripheral platelet following intra-operative polygeline administration. Method: Sixty-eight patients were randomly divided into studied and control groups. The patients in studied group were infused with 1 000ml polygeline whereas 1 000ml ringer's solution in control group. The concentration of CD_(41) in peripheral platelet was measured with immunocytometry before surgery, one hour, one day, two and five days after surgery. Result: There was no statistical difference in CD_(41) level between the two groups before surgery, CD_(41)values one hour and one day after surgery were obviously decreased in studied group compared with these in control group (P

Objective To examine the role of SPHK-1/S1P and NFκB p65 signal pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)drug-resistant cells.Methods The drug-resistant cell line of lung cancer H460/DDP was constructed and its biological characteristics were identified successfully.The expression of SPHK-l was tested by RT-PCR and Western blot methods.S1 P and some proteins related to NFκB pathway were studied by Western blot. Results The drug-resistant lung cancer cell line H460/DDP was constructed and its drug-resistant ability was evaluated (IC50H460/DDP = 50.62μg/mL, RIH460/DDP = 2.95 ). Cisplatin at a concentration of 10 - 80 μg/mL significantly decreased cell death of drug-resistant cell line (P<0 .01 ).Western blot assay analysis showed that overexpressions of SPHK-l,S1 P and NFκB p65 were significantly higher in drug-resistant cell line than in their parent cell line H460 (P=0.0415,P=0.0465,P=0.0218).RT-PCR method revealed that SPHK-1 mRNA was overexpressed in drug-resistant cell line compared with that in their parent cell line H460 (P<0.05).More NFκB p65 protein in cell nucleus was expressed in drug-resistant cells than in parent cells.Conclusion SPHK-1/S1P and NFκB p65 signal pathway may play an improtant role in the drug-resistant H460 cell line in non-small cell lung cancer.

AIM: Shengdeye is a kind of medicinal wine. It is fermented with 30 kinds of medicinal herbs such as glossy ganoderma, pilose antler, panax, medlar and sorghum. This study aimed to observe the effects of Shengdeye on anti-fatigue and memory in mice.METHODS: The mice were fed with Shengdeye 5 ml*kg-1 and 2.5 ml*kg-1 2 times per day. After 7 days, the mice were examined on anoxia-resistant and swimming test for anti-fatigue and step down test for memory.RESULTS: The anoxia-resistant of shengdege group was apparently longer than that of the control group ［(29.60±1.36) min vs (24.40±3.13) min, P＜0.01］, and the swimming time was sharply increased ［(142.6±53.8) min for 2.5 ml*kg-1 and (162.9±43.5) min for 5 ml*kg-1 vs (94.9±39.1) min, P＜0.05］. The error times of shengdege group was lower than that of the control ［(1.5±1.4) times and (2.3±1.3) times vs (3.7±1.1) times， P＜0.01］. The delitescence of two group were sharply prolonged ［(136.8±50.1) s, and (128.0±41.5) s vs (50.2±42.9) s， P＜0.01］.CONCLUSION: The results indicated that Shengdeye had an anti-fatigne effect and increased the faculty of memory. The experiment of acute toxicity showed that the medicinal herbs in Shyengdeye were safe.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract ( GBE) on diabetic retinopathy ( DR) and its possible mechanism in rats .METHODS:Goto-Kakizaki ( GK) rats were used as a DR model, and were treated with different doses of GBE.Normal Wistar rats were used as the control.Blood glucose and retina barrier injury were analyzed, respectively.Ganglion cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining.Moreover, the protein expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2( Nrf2) , ERK, Bcl-2 and P53, and ERK phosphorylation were examined by Western blot.RESULTS:GBE reduced blood glucose in the DR rats, attenuated retina barrier injury, and decreased the apoptosis of ganglion cells. Furthermore, the expression of Nrf2 and Bcl-2, and phosphorylation of ERK were increased after GBE treatment, whereas P53 expression was decreased.CONCLUSION:GBE protects ganglion cells against apoptosis in DR rats, which may be through activation of Nrf2/ERK pathway and regulating Bcl-2 and P53 expression.

Objective To study the association of MYH9 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with clinical manifestation,pathology and prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients of Han nationality population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Method One hundred and forty-eight IgAN patients proven by biopsy were enrolled in the study.Fifty-six patients were followed up for 1-97 months.DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of above patients.PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay was used to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms of MYH9 gene Rs3752462,Rs4821480 sites.Association of different genotypes with clinical features,pathology and prognosis im patients with IgA nephropathy was examined.Result (1) Rs3752462 site was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,while Rs4821480 site did not meet the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.(2) IgAN patients with MYH9 gene Rs3752462 site TF genotype had lower systolic blood pressure as compared to those with CC +CT genotype (P＜0.05).There were significant differences in systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and age between patients with Rs4821480 site GG genotype and patients with TT or GT genotype (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in Scr,Ccr,plasma albumin,hemoglobin,microscopic hematuria,proteinuria,pathological HASS classification,pathological lesion among Rs4821480 site GG,TT,GT genotypes.(3) Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed the time from renal biopsy to renal function decline was shorted in patients with Rs3752462 site CC genotype and Rs4821480 site TT genotype.Conclusions C allele of MYH9 gene Rs3752462 site is an independent risk factor of high blood pressure damage in IgAN patients.Polymorphism of 3 genotypes of MYH9 gene Rs4821480 site is associated to the prognosis of patients.Carrying Rs3752462 site C allele and Rs4821480 site T allele may affect the prognosis of patients.

Objective To explore the significance of NK cell activity,interleukin-2 receptors (sCD25) and glycosylated ferritin in the early diagnostic of acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).Methods 57 patients suspected of HLH from June 2005 to May 2008 and 25 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study.The patients suspected of HLH were divided into three groups i.e.(1) a group with diagnosis confirmed at first visit;(2) a group with diagnosis confirmed at subsequent visit and (3) a group with diagnosis unconfirmed according to HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria.Healthy subjects were enrolled as control.NK cell activity was determined with a released LDH assay.The percentage of glycosylated ferritin was determined with phytohemagglutinin adsorption assay,sCD25 was examined with ELISA double antibody sandwich assay.We compared the coincidence of each diagnostic index before and after diagnosis.Results The median percentage of NK cell activity was significantly lower in the first group ( 18.3±5.6) % and the second ( 16.7±6.7)% than that in the third group (33.4±6.8)% or in the controls (36.6±5.0)%.The median percentage of glycosylated ferritin was also significantly lower in the first group ( 15,4 ± 2.0)% and the second group (16.9 ± 3.4)% than that in the third group (40.4 ± 3.0)% or in the controls (45.2±2.2)%.Meanwhile,the median level of sCD25 was significantly higher in the first group (12 916±4328) ng/L and the second group (12 117 ± 5465) ng/L than that in the third group (4728±1482) ng/L or in the controls (3841 ± 993) ng/L.Furthermore,NK cell activity,sCD25 and glycosylated ferritin were abnormal in all the patients in the early stage of HLH.Conclusion NK cell activity,sCD25 and glycosylated ferritin may be helpful markers for the early diagnosis of HLH.

Objective To evaluate the risk clinic factors of severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults,and to provide examples for its clinic application.Methods Sixty-four case patients who were admitted for a diagnosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults in Beijing Haidian Hospital from January 2013 to July 2015 were selected as observation group.One hundred cases patients also admitted for a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia were selected as control group.Within 24 h of admission,the clinical data were collected,medical history were collected,and the serum biochemistry,coagulation index fibrin degradation product,D-dimer and inflammatory factor procalcitonin were detected.The data were analyzed by univariate analysis,and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the variables with significant difference in single factor analysis.Results Single factor analysis showed that the percentage of severe pneumonia with central nervous system disorders,severe pneumonia with aspiration,severe pneumonia with two or more comorbidities,aspiration and severe pneumonia with bedridden patient in observation group were obviously higher than the control group,the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance((82.21％ (53/64) vs.32％(32/100),60.93％(39/64) vs.1％(1/100),(84.37％,54/64) vs.54％(54/100),90.62％(58/ 64) vs.28％ (28/100),59.37％ (38/64) vs.11％ (11/100);P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The mortality of observation group was higher than the control group,the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance(56.62％ (36/64)] vs.3％ (3/100),P=0.001).Albumin of severe pneumonia was obviously lower than the control group,the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance ((27.79 ±8.53) g/L vs.(33.66±9.63) g/L,P=0.011).Fibrin degradation product of severe pneumonia was obviously lower than the control group,the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance ((i0.98 ± ± 1.32) ng/L vs.(3.61±0.98) ng/L,P=0.002).D-dimer of severe pneumonia was obviously higher than the control group,the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance ((2.68± 0.56) mg/L vs.(0.42±0.12) mg/L,P=0.001).Procalcitonin of severe pneumonia was obviously higher than the control group,the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance ((1.63±0.32) ng/L vs.(0.13 ± ±0.21) ng/L,P =0.015).The result of multiple factors logistic regression analysis showed the aspiration,hypoproteinemia,D-dimer were severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults's independent risks (OR =1.782,1.208,1.356,P＜0.05).Conclusion Aspiration,hypoproteinemia,D-dimer are the factors of risking suffering severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults.D-dimer could be the detection index of severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults.

Extraction of teeth is the most basic and widely used operation of oral and maxillofacial surgery. According to characteristics of extraction of teeth, the author views medical ethics principles which in the diagnoses and treatments process from the aspect of medical ethics, they are,①Doctors must intensify their own quality and self - cultivations and establish the idea of " People First ". ②Doctors must carry on the overall and systematic inspection, make the plan of diagnoses and treatments synthetically toimplement the idea of " People First ". ③Doctors should pay attention to interact with patient, meet different patients' demands and create the harmonious medical environment.