The therapeutic effects of dermatological preparations for external use are not only dependent on its peculiar pharmacological action of the basis but also closely related to many factors, such as drug concentrations, types of preparation, excipients etc. On the basis of extensively reading the relevant literatures and of author's practical experiences, the above affected faetors were discussed preliminarily.

Objective To investigate therapeutic mechanism of radiation therapy associated with Doeetaxel on human uterine cervi-cal carcinoma. Method Hela cells were incubated with 0. 5 μmol/L, 1.01 μmol/Docetaxel for 24 hours, and were radiated with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8Gy X ray. The proliferation activity was detected with MTT method. Apoptosis was evaluated with TUNEL method. Expression of caspase-3 protein and the degradation fragment was measured with Western blot. Result Inhibitory effect of radiation therapy associated Docetaxel on Hela cells was significantly stronger than that of radiation group. Treated with 2 Gy and 6MV X ray radiation, inhibitory rate of Hela cells increased with the increment of associated Docetaxel doses (P<0.05). Inhibitory rate of Hela cells in radiation associated Docetaxel group was significantly increased compared with radiation group. Apoptosis index in radiation associated Docetaxel group 48 hours after treatment was significantly increased compared with radiation group or Docetaxel group with TUNEL method (P<0.05). Western blot results indies-ted that caspase-3 protein was degraded and small active fragments were produced. Conclusion The reason that Docetaxel enhanced Hela cell radiation sensitivity may probably he correlated to easpase-3 protein activation.

To cultivate creative intellectuals, which can be achieved by innovation education, is the special task of universities and colleges in Knowledge-economy Times. And the cultivation of interest is an important part of the innovation education. The author puts forward some new ideas such as pre-inclination and interest plasticity which are necessary supplement for the theory of interest development; furthermore, according to the current situation of high education in China, the author points out that it is significant for the carry-out of innovation education in high schools to be aware of interest plasticity.

Objective: Docetaxel as a newly semi-synthesized anti-tumor drug,exhibits significant cyrotoxic activity and enhanced sensitivity for radiotherapy.The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of the apoptosis of human Hela cell line with the expressions of TRAIL and its receptors induced by the combination therapy of Docetaxel with radiation.Methods: We treated the Hela line by Docetaxel,radiation,and combination therapy of Docetaxel with radiation,respectively,detected the apoptosis of the Hela cells using Hoechst 33342 staining and the TUNEL method,and observed the changes in the mRNA expressions of TRAIL and its receptors TRAIL-R in the three groups by RT-PCR.Results: Compared with the Docetaxel and the radiation groups,the apoptosis of the Hela cells was increased significantly in the combination therapy group,and so were the mRNA expressions of TRAIL and its receptors TRIAL-R1 and TRAIL-R2.Conclusion: The combination therapy of Docetaxel with radiation increased the apoptosis of the Hela cell line,which might be mediated by the up-regulation of mRNA expressions of TRAIL and its receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2.

Objective:To develop a rating scale on the knowledge, attitude and practice of stroke-dysphagia for nurses, and to test the reliability and validity.Methods:Based on theoretical framework of the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP), the scale items were determined through literature review, expert consultation, pre-investigation, and qualitative interviews. 633 nurses in the department of stroke that from 18 hospitals in Hubei Province were selected for the survey, to further screen the items and test reliability and validity of the scale.Results:The positive coefficient of the two-round expert consultation were both 100%; the expert authority coefficient was 0.930; the level of coordination of experts ′ opinions was good. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 4 factors, the accumulative variance contribution rate was 44.278%, Content validity index S-CVI was 0.984, I-CVI was 0.857-1.000; the Cronbach α coefficient of scale was 0.855, test-retest reliability was 0.909. Eventually, the scale was consisted of 3 dimensions, 32 items. Conclusion:The scale has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a survey tool to test the current knowledge, attitude, practice of clinical nurses about patient with stroke-dysphagia.

Objective To understand major risk factors associated with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) among patients with human immunedeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection.Methods Patients with HIV/HBV co-infection were followed-up and factors related to ESLD were analyzed using logistic regression model to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for them. Results A total of 255 patients with HIV/HBV co-infection were investigated, with an incidence of ESLD of 19. 2% ( 49/255 ). Major risk factors associated with ESLD among patients with HIV/HBV co-infection included count of CD4 below 200 cells/μl at baseline, HIV RNA load decreasing to the lower limit of its detection level within six months after antiretroviral treatment (ART), abnormal of serum activities of transaminase (ALT or AST), longer persistently positive of HIV RNA and HBV DNA, and use of lamivudine-based ART, with OR of 6. 503,14. 456, 0. 049, 1. 814, 1. 536 and 0. 012, respectively. Conclusions Lower CD4 count, abnormal serum transaminases, persistent replication of HIV and HBV all are closely related to ESLD in patients with HIV/HBV co-infection. Therefore, lamivudine-based ART should be of choice for patients with HIV/HBV coinfection to decrease incidence of ESLD.

Objective To explore the effect of the midwife-leading labor pain management model on the pregnancy outcomes and pain control satisfaction.Methods The randomized grouping and single blind trial design were performed.One hundred and ten pregnant women were recruited and randomized into the control group (n=55) and intervention group (n=55).The control group received the routine prenatal examination by the outpatientdepartment obstetric doctors and intrapartum nursing care during labor.On this basis the intervention group participated in the labor pain educational course in the midwife clinic,and received the repeated pain assessment and pain management intervention during labor.Results There was no statistical difference in the delivery mode between the two groups(P＞0.05).The cesarean section rate without indication in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =6.798,P＜0.05).The average each item score of the labor pain education and pain control satisfaction in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion The midwife-leading labor pain management model can reduce the cesarean section rate without indication,and improves the satisfaction of labor pain education and pain control in pregnant women and parturients.

Gitelman syndrome(GS) is an autosomal recessive,salt-losing tubulopathy resulted from inactivating mutations in the SLCl2A3 gene that encodes the Thiazine diuretic sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter (NCCT).GS is characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis,hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria.Diagnosis of GS is relied on the clinical symptoms,biochemical abnormalities and genetic test.All GS patients are suggested to keep high-sodium diet.Magnesium and potassium supplements are usually given to GS patients for lifelong to improve clinical symptoms.Individual management of GS includes health education,complication evaluation and regular follow-up with annual evaluation by a nephrologist.Cystinosis is a rare autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by inactivating mutations in the CTNS gene that encodes the lysosomal cystine transporter,cystinosin,resulting in the accumulation of cystine within the lysosome.There are 3 clinical forms of cystinosis:infantile or early-onset nephropathic cystinosis,juvenile or late-onset nephropathic cystinosis and adult or ocular cystinosis.Diagnosis of cystinosis is based on the CTNS genetic test.Early diagnosis and early cystine-depleting therapy with cysteamine is essential to prevent or attenuate end-organ damage and improve overall prognosis.

Aim To observe the ameliorating effects of sophocarpine on mice with neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury(SNI), and to explore the analgesic mechanism.Methods Sixty male ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups: sham-operated, neuropathic-pain model(SNI), SNI+Pregabalin(Pre) 10 mg·kg-1, SNI+SC 40 mg·kg-1, 20 mg·kg-1 and 10 mg·kg-1 group.Neuropathic-pain mouse models were established by SNI of the sciatic nerve.The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT), paw withdrawal thermal latency(PWTL), and cold withdrawal times(CWT) were detected to assess the analgesic effects of sophocarpine on mice with neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury.The expressions levels of TLR4, p38 MAPK, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA and protein in spinal cord tissue were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot methods.Results Compared with sham group, the SNI group′s PWMT decreased, PWTL was shorten, CWT increased, and the expression levels of p38 MAPK, TLR4, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA and protein in spinal cord tissue were up-regulated.Compared with SNI model group, the sophocarpine 40 mg·kg-1 group′s PWMT increased, PWTL was lengthened, CWT decreased, and the expression levels of p38 MAPK, TLR4, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA and protein in spinal cord tissue were down-regulated.Conclusion Sophocarpine has the analgesic effects on neuropathic pain induced by SNI, and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of TLR4, p38 MAPK, IL-1β and TNF-α expression levels.

Objective To explore the value of SOD activity in diagnosis of central nervous system leukemia (CNSL )by detec-ting SOD activity of cerebrospinal fluid of patients with CNSL .Methods The cerebrospinal fluid of 55 patients from department of hematology of Nanfang hospital of southern medical university were collected from January 2008 to January 2009 ,in which 30 pa-tients suffered with central nervous system leukemia (CNSL group) ,the other 25 patients suffered with acute leucemia without im-paired central nervous system(control group) .The SOD activity of cerebrospinal fluid was detected by the xanthine oxidase meth-od ,while the routine test ,biochemistry test and cell smear of cerebrospinal fluid was detected .Results There were statistics differ-ence in the level of white cell and protein in cerebrospinal fluid between CNSL and control group (P<0 .05) ,but with no difference in the level of cerebrospinal fluid pressure ,glucose ,chlorine(P>0 .05) .There was statistics difference in the level of SOD activity between CNSL and control group(P<0 .05) .The white cell quantity and the protein level in cerebrospinal fluid had negative corre-lation with the activity of SOD ,(r=0 .871 ,P=0 .000 ;r=0 .518 ,P=0 .003) .The activity of SOD in the cerebrospinal fluid had sta-tistics difference before and after intrathecal chemotherapy (P<0 .05) .The activity of SOD in the cerebrospinal fluid whose under 45 year-old (755 .64 ± 345 .77) ,which was significant lower than that of the paitents whose equal with or above 45 year-old (1 420 .49 ± 307 .69)(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The changes of the SOD activity in the cerebrospinal fluid had relation with central nervous system leukemia ,and the SOD activity might be a auxiliary diagnosis index used in central nervous system leukemia by revi-sing age factor .