The chemic al composition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the material base for its prevention and treatment of disease. Characterization, analysis and isolation of chemical constituents, important fields of modern research on TCM, however, are still a great challenge due to the complexity. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in these fields with the application of new chromatographic packing materials and methods, analysis technologies represented by LC-MS and the associated databases and softwares. Here, the advancement of methods and strategies used in the research on the chemical constituents of TCM is briefly reviewed.

Objective To study the value of spiral CT and ultrasound in the dingnosis of gallbladder cancer.Methods Spiral CT and ultrasonic findings and diagnostic value of gallbladder cancer proved pathologically in 34 cases were comparatively analysed.Results The diagnostic accurate rates of gallbladder cancer by CT and ultrasound were 67.6%(23/34 cases) and 61.8%(21/34 cases),there were no statistically significance.While,spiral CT in combination with ultrasound in diagnosing gallbladder carcinoma,the diagnostic accurate rate was up to 88.2%(30/34 cases),which was of significance statistically .Conclusion Combined utilization of spiral CT and ultrasonography can improve the diagnostic rate of gallbladder cancer.

Objective To compare the efficiency and safety of regimens of empiric antibiotic therapy in neutropenic hematological maligence patients.Methods The clinical data of empiric antibiotic therapy for 260 febrile episodes in 125 neutropenic hematological maligence patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 45 febrile episodes were treated with tazocin plus amikacin(regimen TA).80 episodes were treated with ceftazidime plus amikacin(regimen CA),75 episodes with imipenem plus amikacin(regimen IA) and 60 episodes with maxipime plus amikacin(regimen MA).The medians of initial therapy in each regimen were 7～8 days.Percentage of satisfactory response had no significant difference in episodes treated with regimens TA,IA and MA(65%,70% and 79% respectively),and it was better than regimen CA(P

Controlled Ecological Life-support System(CELSS)is one of the key technologies that must be solved before founding permanent base in space such as Lunar or Mars base.After discussing with Russian experts and analysing the data,the author introduced something important about CELSS in Russia,including research methods,achievements and problems to be solved urgently.In the end a proposal for developing CELSS research in China was given based on them.

Melasma is a common cutaneous disorder of pigment metabolism with complex etiology and pathogenesis.Combination therapy has been preferred by dermatologists for better therapeutic effects and less adverse reactions compared with monotherapy.At present,the treatment of melasma is diversiform,mainly including oral or topical drugs,lasers or photon therapy and combination therapy,etc.Individualized treatment is recommended based on etiology,clinical course and types of melasma,as well as previous treatment history.Combination therapy,sequential therapy or supplement therapy should be included in the treatment of melasma.

Sepsis is a common acute systemic infection,severe sepsis has a high rate of mortality,and its incidence rate is rising year by year.Due to the overproduction of free radicals in sepsis,microcirculation blood is drived disorder,multiple organ function can be impaired.This review describes the role of ascorbic acid in sepsis patients,which can reverse the oxidative stress injury rapidly through an eNOS-dependent mechanism,resisting platelet adhersion,preventing capillary embolism,resevering microcirculation blood flow,so as to improve patients' survival.

Objective To explore the relationship of cell proliferation of acute leukemia stimulated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) and the expression of granulocyte colony stimulating factors receptor(G-CSFR).Methods Thirty cases of initial and refractory-relapse acute myeloid leukaemia(AML) patients,20 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and 20 normal controls were involved in the study.The 5ml bone marrow was taken from each patient before chemotherapy and the marrow mononuclear cells(MNC) were cultured with 5,10,15,20 and 25 ng/ml G-CSF respectively.After 24h,the DNA diploid and the expressions of G-CSFR and CD34 were detected by flow cytometry(FCM).Results The DNA diploid of MNC from AML was increased with the elevated concentration of G-CSF after 24h,and that of the ALL and normal control did not change significantly.The expression rates of G-CSFR were(68.59?13.99)%,(1.90?0.93)% and(70.5?10.8)% in AML,ALL and the normal control respectively.The expression rates of CD34 were(45.15?4.22)%,(46.75?3.15)% and(3.15?0.22)% in AML,ALL and normal control respectively.The expression of G-CSFR in AML was significantly different from that of ALL(P0.05).The expression of G-CSFR in ALL was significantly different from that of the normal control(P

Objective To investigate the role of myeloid dendritic cells(mDC)in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS),and to study the mechanism of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α blocker on the treatment of AS by counting the number of mDC before and after the treatment.Methods Peripheral blood from 21 AS patients treated with 50 mg rhTNFR-Fc and 15 AS patients treated with placebo were investigated at week 0,week 2 and week 6 in a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial.Three-color flow cytometry analysis was used to investigate the change of the number of mDC before and after the treatment.And their correlation with the clinical parameters was analyzed.Results MHC Class Ⅰ positive mDC(Lin-/CD11c+/HLA-abc+)in AS patients was slightly less than in healthy controls (not statistically significant).No significant change in MHC Class Ⅰ mDC number was observed after drug treatment.The number of MHC Class Ⅱ mDC cells was not correlated with clinical parameters.Conclusion The treatment with rhTNFR-Fc in AS induces a significant upregnlation of MHC-Ⅱ DC.

Objective To evaluate the effect of red yeast rice on chemokines of collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Methods Rat arthritis was induced by injecting bovine type Ⅱ collagen(BⅡC)to Wistar rats.The rats were randomly divided into six groups including the normal control group,the CIA control group which were treated with normal saline,ibuprofen group,large dose red yeast rice group,moderate dose of red yeast rice group and small dose of red yeast rice group.Mice were sacrificed after 48 days of immune injection and their venous blood were collected. The effect of cytokines and chemokinos on CIA was measured by ELISA.Results Red yeast rice significantly degraded the expression of TNF-α,IL-6 compared with the model groups,the difference was significantly different(P＜0.05).The degree of IL-8 decrease was more evident in the high dose of Red yeast rice group and moderate dose of Red yeast rice group than that of the model group(P＜0.05).Red yeast rice could significantly degrad the expression of MCP-1,R.ANTES and IP10 in serum of CIA rats(P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of red yeast rice is related to the inhibition of inflammatory factors.

Objective To study the relationship of immunophenotype and prognosis of acute leukemia(AL). Methods 75 patients with AL were analyzed immunophenotype expression by FCM and evaluated the effect of differ-ent immunophenotype to prognosis. Results (1) The incidence of CD13, CD33, CD64, CD117 expression in AML was 82%. The incidence of CD2, CD3, CD7, CD19, CD20 expression in ALL was 88%. The incidence of lymphocytic lineage antigen expression in AML(Ly + AML) was 13% and myeloid lineage antigen expression in ALL(My + ALL) was 11%. (2)According to the antigen expression, AL could be classified into three subgroups:lineage-specific expres-sion;mixture-lineage expression and null type. The lineage-specific expression was the highest in AML and ALL, and had a better clinical prognosis. The null type was the lowest neither in AML nor ALL and had a poorer clinical progno-sis. In mixture-lineage expression the CR rate of AML with CD7+ was the lowest than those with lineage-specific ex-pression and had poorer prognosis. Conclusions AL immtmophenotype might be devided into three subgroups:line-age-specific expression; mixture-lineage expression and null type. In the patients with CD7+ AML and null type ex-pression,lower CR rate and poorer prognosis were seen than those with lineage-specific expression. It needed to ex-plore new treatment methods.