Objective To study the angiographie characteristics of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 292 patients with CHD underwent a selective angiography were selected,the characteristics of coronary arteriongraphy were compared in CHD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic group.Results In type 2 diabetes mellitus group,the degree of stenosis was higher than that in nondiabetic group (78.01% vs 52.32% )(P < 0.05 ), and the rate of three-vessel disease was higher than that in nondiabetic group (59.57% vs 36.42% )(P <0.05).Conclusion The angiographic characteristics were different in CHD patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus.Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with more severity of lesion and more lesion vessel.

AIM:To explore the effect of erythropoietin ( EPO) on the expression of myocardial NADPH oxi-dase (Nox) in the pressure overload rats.METHODS:Male SD rats (n=36) were used to establish a pressure overload myocardial hypertrophy model by abdominal aorta ligation.The animals were divided into model group, control group ( sham, without narrowing abdominal aorta, the rest of the operation was the same as the model) and recombinant human erythropoietin ( rhEPO) treatment group ( intraperitoneal injection of rhEPO postoperatively, 4 000 U/kg, twice a week) . After 8 weeks, the cardiac ultrasound imaging and hemodynamic evaluation were conducted to determine the cardiac func-tions.Masson staining was used to observe the degree of myocardial fibrosis.The expression of Nox2 and Nox4 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting.The protein levels of myocardial inflam-matory factors CD45, F4/80 and TGF-βwere determined by Western blotting.RESULTS:Compared with model group, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP) and left ventricular pressure maximum rising and falling rates ( ±dp/dtmax) increased significantly in EPO treatment group (P<0.01).At the same time, left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ( LVEDD) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ( LVEDP) were decreased in EPO treatment group (P<0.01).EPO reduced the degree of myocardial fibrosis caused by pressure overload (P<0.01) and decreased the ex-pression of Nox2 and Nox4 at mRNA and protein levels in the myocardium (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and reduced the pro-tein expression of myocardial inflammatory factors CD45, F4/80 and TGF-β.CONCLUSION: EPO inhibits rat myocar-dial fibrosis induced by pressure overload, improves heart functions by decreasing NADPH oxidase activity and inhibiting myocardial oxidative stress levels and myocardial inflammatory reaction.

Objective:To investigate the effect of IL-6?TNF-? and TGF-? 1 on the occurrence and development of DM and DN.Methods:To observe the changes of IL-6?TNF-? and TGF-? 1 amount in normal group ?DM group and DN respectively .Results:The amount of IL-6?TNF-? and TGF-? 1 in DM group and DN group are markedly higher that in normal group.The amount of IL-6?TNF-??TGF-? 1 in DN is markedly higher than that in DM group.Conclusion:IL-6?TNF-? and TGF-? 1 play an very important role in the occurrence and development in DM and DN.

Objective To investigate the levels of serum high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) in different stages of diabetic nephropathy and the relationship between hs-CRP and relative metabolic indexes.Methods According to their urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),164 patients with type2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups: 51 patients with normal UAER,59 patients with microalbuminuria and 54 patients with clinical proteinuria.The concentration of hs-CRP,relative clinical biochemical profiles and the body height,weigh,systolic & diastolic blood pressure were measured and analyzed.Correlation analysis was also done between hs-CRP and other relative indexes.Result The levels of hs-CRP were increased with increment of UAER.Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise linear regression indicated that hs-CRP was positive correlated with duration,triglyceride(TG),BMI,MAP,HOMA-IR,fibrinogen(FIB),UAER,serum creatinine(Cr),HbA1C,but negative correlated with high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C) and HOMA-B.The levels of hs-CRP in female were higher than those in male.Conclusion High level of serum hs-CRP concentration maybe a risk factor for the onset of type2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy.

Objective The aim of this study is to undemtand the development of peripheral nerve injury on diabetes mellitus.Methods Diabetes was induced by STZ.We determined nerve conduction velocity,thermal pain threshold,morphoh)gy changes of sciatic nerve and quantitative analysis of sural nerve of diabetic model group and normal control group after 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks respectively,and observed dynamically functional and morphologic changes of peripheral nerve of diabetic rats.Results After 2 weeks,diabetic rats showed that motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities slowed down and thermal pain threshold decreased.After 4 weeks.changes of pathology of sciatic nerve were observed.With the duration extending,the damages of nerve were aggravated gradually.Conclusions Neumpathy appeared in earlier stage on experimental diabetic rats and functional changes were preceded to morphologic changes.

Objective To investigate prevention and therapy effects of ACEI on peripheral nerve in the earlier stage of diabetic rats and the influence on microcirculation of experimental DPN.Methods Diabetes was induced by STZ.After 8 weeks of prevention or therapy treatment.the effects of lisinopril on function and structure of diabetic peripheral nerve were observed,the NO,NOS level in plasma and capillary density of sciatic nerve were determined.Results Lisinopril prevention and therapy treatment improved nerve conduction velocity,ameliorated morphology abnormalities in nerve fiber and capillary at different degrees.The NO level and capillary density of endoneurium were increased. Conclusions ACE inhibitors may exert neuroprotective effect through improving abnormality of microcirculation.

Objective To investigate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) lisinopril on experimental diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in the earlier stage and its mechanism. Methods Diabetes was induced by streptozotosin (STZ) in rats. After 8 weeks of treatment, the effects of lisinopril on function and structure of peripheral nerves were observed; superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, Na+K+-ATPase activity in sciatic nerve and NO, NO synthase levels in plasma were determined, and capillary density of sciatic nerve were also assessed. Results With lisinopril, nerve structure and function was improved, oxidative stress state was ameliorated, and NO level, Na+K+-ATPase activity and capillary density of endoneurium were increased (all P<0.05). Conclusion ACEIs are effective in DPN. The possible mechanisms may be related to the amelioration of ischemic state and related metabolic disorders of the nerves.

BACKGROUND: Early education is an important step in raising children. Many facts prove that early education can promote infants' intellectual development so as to lay good foundation for their future development.OBJECTIVE: To understand the status of infants' intellectual development with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and analyze the effects of early education.DESIGN: Comparative observation.SETTING: Wards of the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences.PARTICIPANTS: We recruited 100 normal newborn infants born in the Department of Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, between January 2000 and December 2001. Guardians of the infants were informed of the research objective. Infants were divided into 2 groups according to their birth date: early education group (n=50) in which the infants were born on Monday, Wednesday, Friday or Sunday; control group (n=50) in which the infants were bom on Tuesday, Thursday or Saturday.METHODS: ① All the parents of the infants in the two groups received the guidance of feeding, infection prevention, inoculation and other health care guidance. On this basis, the parents of the infants in early education group were informed of intellectual development disciplinarian and educational guideline for 0-3 year-old infants when physical examination was performed on the infants at newborn period (twice) and 42 days after birth (once). The parents were asked to raise their infant according to the requirements of the guideline and communicate with the physicians at any moment. In control group, routine physical examination was performed on the infants at new-born period (twice) and 42 days after birth (once), and their parents were not given the early education of pediatric system. ② At 4 months and 3 days to 4 months and 29 days after birth, the infants in the two groups were taken back to hospital. Status of intellectual development was evaluated with intelligence scale for children revised and standardized by the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Children Development Center according to Bayley's Scales of Infant Development [It consisted of intellectual scale and movement scale. Intellectual scale was used for 4.0-5.3 months babies (4 items, Item E: reaching out for building blocks, hand-eye coordination when reaching out, pick up building blocks, and keeping reaching out for things; Item G: noticed small pills; Item H: approached ocular; Item C: fond of playing with him).Movement scale was used for 4.0-5.3 months babies (4 items, Item A: turning their heads freely; Item E: from lying on the back to lying on the side;Item D: part of pollex face to face when holding building blocks; Item C:could sit independently for a moment)]. The primary scores of the infant was obtained from the number of an item which the infant could complete in intellectual development scale, then intellectual index and psychological movement development index were obtained according to his age span from the scale. Those with scores ＞130 were considered excellent, and those with scores ＜ 69 were mental retardation. ③ t test and U test were used in comparison of the differences in metrical and quantitative data.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of intellectual development index and psychological development index between the infants in the two groups. ② Status of infants' intellectual scale and movement scale completion.RESULTS: Totally 100 infants entered the result analysis. ① Intellectual development: Intellectual development index and psychological movement development index were significantly higher in early education group than in control group (103.94±7.64, 111.20±9.40; 93.92±5.18,99.22±5.52, t=8.3,4.7, P ＜ 0.01). ② Status of intellectual scale completion: The number of infants who could complete Items E, D and C was obviously greater in early education group than in control group [36 infants (72%), 8 infants (16%), u=5.6, P ＜ 0.01]. ③ Status of movement scale completion: The number of infants who could complete Items E, D and C was obviously greater in early education group than in control group [45 in fants (90%), 32 infants (64%), 48 infants (96%); 30 infants (60%), 12 infants (24%), 42 infants (84%), u=2.0-4.89, P ＜ 0.05-0.01].CONCLUSION: Early education can improve infants' intellectual development, especially manipulative ability.

0.05).In the Laparoscopic Group ureterovaginal fistula occurred in 1 case,while in the Open Group there were 1 case of bladder injury and 6 cases of fatty dissolution beneath the incision.No statistical difference was observed in complication rate between the two groups(?2=3.255;P=0.071).Conclusions Total laparoscopic hysterectomy is a safe and effective operation.Compared with open surgery,it offers less invasion,less interference to the abdominal organs,and quicker postoperative recovery.

Objective Establishing a trapezoid micro-plate method to detect ABO blood group in serum.Methods Select 32 blood samples containing A,B,O or AB types randomly.Use orthogonal design principle to select the optimum conditions of the blood plasma dilution,erythrocytes density,temperature and static time.The mix-blood samples are serially diluted.The agglutinating and nonagglutinating gray zones are also defined.Based on the optimum conditions and criterions,the reproducibility test,sensitiveness test,accuracy test,lipaemia interference test and haemolysis interference test are carried out.6 ABO subgroup(AM,AX,A2B,A3B,AXB,BM) and 5 irregular antibody(anti-M,anti-N,anti-P1,anti-Leb,anti-HI) are detected to evaluate the ability of the trapezoid micro-plate method to detect special samples.Results The trapezoid micro-plate method's repetitiveness tests coincidence is 100%.Its sensitivity is identical to the test tube method.The accuracy is 99.99%.In the 47 various kinds of lipaemia blood samples' anti-interference tests,the correct interpretation at one time is 100%.In the haemolysis interference tests,when hemoglobin content are below 20g/L,there are no obvious influences found.When sever haemolysis appears(blood plasma hemoglobin content are above 20g/L),there is no effect on the agglutination,but make a difference to the nonagglutinating.The ability to dectect 6 ABO blood subgroups and 5 irregular antibody blood samples is great.Conclusion The trapezoid micro-plate method not only has good ability to detect the ABO blood group both in the red cell typing and serum typing,but also enhances the accuracy in detecting the agglutinating blood samples and improves the exactitude of the tests.