The prevalence rate of diabetes is continuously increasing in China, and diabetes characterizes as high morbidity, low diagnostic rate, low cure rate, and low good control rate, which consequently resultes in the occurrence and progression of various diabetic complications and dramatically decreases the quality of life as well as the survival of diabetic patients.So it is crucial for clinician to screen diabetes early, make the diagnosis early, and start the treatment promptly.This article systemically summarizes the clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, typing, pathophysiology, complications, and management of diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To discuss about the recurrent respiratory tract infections(RRTI) treatment by traditional Chinese medicine.RRTI is very commonly in children. METHODS According to clinical experience, as well as integrated with Western medicine,we think about the mechanism of RRTI from two sides.The main reason was the function of lung and spleen deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine theories;another reason was attached with outside evils.We treaed RRTI with different syndromes with different methods,such as dispelling the evil in the superficies with acrid drugs and cod drugs,regulating the function of lung and spleen;supplement Qi and supporting superficies, regulating Ying and Wei,nourishing Yin to reduce heat,strengthening the spleen and nourishing lung. RESULTS It has a good theropentio effective with traditional Chinese medicine on RRTI.During acute infectious period,we treated mainly eliminate evils,as well as to support healthy energy.During recovery period,we treated mainly support healthy energy,as well as to eliminate evils. CONCLUSIONS Traditional Chinese medicine has long time therapentir effect on RRTI,with less recurrence.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of acupuncture in cooperation with moxibustion for treating anxiety. Methods: A treatment group of 42 anxiety patients was treated by acupuncture in cooperation with moxibustion and a control group of 45 anxiety patients, with Western medicine. Results: The total efficacy rate was 92.9% in the treatment group and 71.1% in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.01). Conclusion: The effect was significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group. Acupuncture and moxibustion has no side effects and dependence.

Objective To understand the infection status and epidemiological features of individuals entering and exiting the Xinjiang Port so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of AIDS at various ports in China.Methods The data of HIV infection among 291 200 individuals entering and exiting the Xinjiang Port between 2001 and 2007 was analyzed.Results A total of 230 individuals were found infected with HIV and the total infection rate was 0.79‰.The people of prime age(from 20 to 40 years) were the main victims of the infection,the ratio of infection between males and females was 22∶1,and higher rate of infection was seen among the ethnic minority;and traders and drivers were the high risk group.The routes of transmissions differed from region to region,but the mian routes were drug use and sex contact.Conclusion The HIV epidemic in some highly prevalent areas of Xinjiang has not been effectively controlled,and is now being rapidly spread.Therefore,for the control of AIDS transmission at the frontier port it is crucial to strengthen AIDS surveillance among entry-exit personnel,to carry out epidemiological survey,and to disseminate knowledge of AIDS preventioical survey.

Objective To explore the regulatory mechanism of gastrin and motilin on sling fibers and clasp fibers of human lower esophageal sphincter.Methods Muscle strips of the sling and clasp fibers from human lower esophageal sphincter and the circular layers of the esophagus and gastric fundus were obtained from patients with subtotal esophagectomy.Through the isolated tissue tension detection technique and pharmacological method,the concentration-response curves of the strips responding to gastrin and motilin were constructed,from which E_(max)s were derived.Results All strips contracted to gastrin and motilin with different rules and different intensity in a concentration-dependent fashion.Sling fibers' E_(max)value(4.91?(0.95 mN/mm~(2))) to gastrin was significantly higher than clasp fibers'(0.72?(0.14 mN/mm~(2))).Otherwise,in response to motilin,both sling fibers and clasp fibers contracted to motilin intensively(3.61?(0.65 mN/mm~(2))and 2.64?(0.33 mN/mm~(2))).Conclusions The sling fibers and clasp fibers have different responses to gastrin and motilin.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as a genetic carrier are beneficial to keep a genetic stability of exogenous gene. BMSCs can transfer human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF) gene into the myocardial infarcted area. It is possible to obtain a cooperation of gene and cell therapy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the angiogenesis at myocardial infarcted area of rats undergoing the transplantation of BMSCs transfected with hVEGF gene and in vivo expression of VEGF gene. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized control experiment was performed at the Institute of Paediatrics of Hunan Children's Hospital and Central Laboratory of Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University from 2004 to 2007. MATERIALS: Male clean inbred strain Wistar rats were selected in the study. Rat models of myocardial infarction were established by ligation of coronary artery. METHODS: BMSCs were harvested from rats by density gradient centrifugation and adherent culture. Plasmid PeDNA3. 1-hVEGF 165 were transfected at 80%-90% cell confluence. Rat models of myocardial infarction, constructed by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, were randomly divided into 4 groups. 2 weeks after the ligation,BMSCs transfected with hVEGF gene were injected into rat models in the combination group at the myocardial infarction zone. BMSCs were injected into cell group. Liposome-pcDNA3.1-VEGF165 DNA compound was injected into gene group. Culture medium was injected into control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Capillary density and VEGF gene expression in the myocardial infarcted area of rats in each group four weeks after injection. RESULTS: Capillary density was the highest at rat myocardial infarcted area in the combination and gene groups, followed by the cell group (P=0.001, 0.029) and the control group (P=0.028).Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the hVEGF165 gene was expressed in the combination, gene, cell and control groups from higher level to lower level in order. CONCLUSION: BMSCs as the vector of VEGF gene are beneficial to its stable expression.Transplantation of BMSCs transfected with hVEGF gene is helpful for angiogenesis at myocardial infarcted area of rats. Its outcome is better than gene or cell therapy alone.

Radiotherapy is one of the most important methods to treat malignant tumors. Due to the presence of radiation resistance, the effect of radiotherapy is not entirely satisfactory. To alleviate radiation resistance and improve the radiotherapy effect, radiosensitizers have emerged. As a newly discovered radiosensitizer, RRx-001 has a good clinical application prospect. This paper reviewed the research progress of RRx-001 in source, safety, radiotherapy sensitizing activity and related mechanisms.

Objective To examine the role of SPHK-1/S1P and NFκB p65 signal pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)drug-resistant cells.Methods The drug-resistant cell line of lung cancer H460/DDP was constructed and its biological characteristics were identified successfully.The expression of SPHK-l was tested by RT-PCR and Western blot methods.S1 P and some proteins related to NFκB pathway were studied by Western blot. Results The drug-resistant lung cancer cell line H460/DDP was constructed and its drug-resistant ability was evaluated (IC50H460/DDP = 50.62μg/mL, RIH460/DDP = 2.95 ). Cisplatin at a concentration of 10 - 80 μg/mL significantly decreased cell death of drug-resistant cell line (P<0 .01 ).Western blot assay analysis showed that overexpressions of SPHK-l,S1 P and NFκB p65 were significantly higher in drug-resistant cell line than in their parent cell line H460 (P=0.0415,P=0.0465,P=0.0218).RT-PCR method revealed that SPHK-1 mRNA was overexpressed in drug-resistant cell line compared with that in their parent cell line H460 (P<0.05).More NFκB p65 protein in cell nucleus was expressed in drug-resistant cells than in parent cells.Conclusion SPHK-1/S1P and NFκB p65 signal pathway may play an improtant role in the drug-resistant H460 cell line in non-small cell lung cancer.

ObjectiveTo identify the probability for outdoor walking independency using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the maximum walking speed （MWS） in stroke patients. Methods80 hemiparetic stroke patients were classified into 2 groups: the independency group and the non-independency group. They were assessed with the BBS and the 10 m MWS. ResultsWith the discriminant analysis, the BBS and the 10 m MWS could identify the independency and non-independency group，hit rate 88.8%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves suggested the cut-off point 49.5, sensitivity 86.2%; specificity 78.4%, area under ROC curve 0.905 in BBS; while cut-off point 1.0 m/s, sensitivity 93.1%, specificity 90.2%, area under ROC curve 0.961 in MWS. ConclusionBBS and the MWS can identify the outdoor walking independency sensitively and specifically in stroke patients.

Objective To compare the efficiency of bacteria culture and PCR assays for detection of Staphylococcus aureus ( S.aureus) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P.aeruginosa) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K.pneumoniae) in laboratory rats and mice.Methods Bacteria culture combined with biochemical identification and PCR assay were used to detect 78 SPF rats and 422 SPF mice and the results of the two methods were compared .Results All the 78 rats were negative .Of the 422 mice, the positive rate by culture was 7.11%(30/422), of which, 10 were S.aureus, 22 were P.aeruginosa, and 2 were K.pneumoniae.The positive rate by PCR was 7.58%(32/422), of which, 10 were S.aureus, 25 were P. aeruginosa, and 2 were K.pneumoniae.Conclusions The high sensitivity , rapid procedure and easy to operate of PCR assay makes it valuable for rapid bacteria diagnosis and large-scale screening in laboratory animals .