This article described the importance of mechanism refonil in the graduate student training and presented its contents.Also,It summarized the characteristics of the reforill proposals in some universities,and analyzed the problems required to attend and solve ia the refogln.The characteristics of the proposals included to set up innovative fund by university,to perform the student awarded police of tutor leading,to establish the scientific system in recruiting students.By analyzing the problems developed during the reform four measures were lannched,which included to establish evaluating system in assessing students,to create a good relationship between students and tutors,to improve the ability and morality of tutors,and to adjust the management method of research funding.It would be possible to reach the objective of perfecting the reform proposal during the implementation of the measures.

Natural killer (NK) cells are key members of the innate immune system.The capability of NK cells to kill hematological tumor cells mainly depends on the synthesis of stimulatory and inhibitory signals on the cells surface.In recent years,allogeneic haplo-identical NK cells have shown positive effect of hematologic tumor in hematologic stem cell transplantation and adoptive immunotherapy,and the natural killer cell-based immunotherapy would be applied in clinic.

Sequential monitoring of chimerism after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is important for disease prognosis, improving transplantation success rate, and reducing relapses of the original diseases. The application of molecular genetic markers in combination with quantitative PCR to the assessment of chimerism,in particularly the dynamic quantitative analysis of lineage-specific chimerism, can provide important guidance for clinical practice.

Objective The study analyzes the inadequacies of the research integrity educational practice for the medical postgraduate students in the present stage of China.Furthermore,the paper puts forward improvement suggestions and clears the direction for further efforts.Methods From the perspective of the educational law about cognition,emotion,will and behavior,the comparative analysis method is used,based on the rich experience in the United States.Results There are inadequacies of the research integrity educational practice for the medical postgraduate students in China,including that students lack knowledge learning motivation,and the pattern of education is simple.There are not enough emotional experience channels and the participation of students.Students lack honesty will training,and the intensity of supervision and punishment is not strong.The honesty recognition mechanism is weak,and cannot be used to guide practice.Conclusions In order to improve the level of the research integrity for the medical postgraduate students in China,we should optimize the system,follow the law of education,strengthen the transmission of knowledge,put the academic honesty education into normal work,enhance the emotional experience,build a participatory mechanism,highlight the positive guide,and increase the intensity of punishment.

Objective To understand the current situation of medical postgraduates'!honesty edu-cation, find the weak point and explore new ways of the honesty education. Methods The honesty educa-tion survey questionnaire was designed and conducted to the postgraduates of Grade 2014 in Peking University Health Science Center. The research contents included the basic information of postgraduates, honesty cognition, clean and self-discipline, honesty education, the recommendation of honesty education and the application of honesty education carrier. 1 038 questionnaires of a total of 1 142 questionnaires were recovered and the recovery rate was 90.9%. EPIData3.0 software was used for double entry and database establishment, and SPSS 19.0 software for statistical treatment. Results 82.3% (854) of the postgraduates recognized the work of clean government, but only 62.1% (644) of the postgraduates concerned about it. 78.3% (813) of the postgraduates expressed hatred for the dishonest behavior and hoped to eliminate it. 77.6%(806) postgraduates often paid attention to honest education content which was pushed by the new media. 16.5% (171) postgraduates thought that the new media was very important to the honest cognition. Conclusions We should pay more attention to medical postgraduates'!honesty education, find its weak points according to the investigation and make full use of the network and new media. And at the same time we should combine the actual environment to establish a hierarchy of honesty education system, and carry out honesty education through total environment which contains the school administrators, instructors/head teachers and tutors.

This study conducted questionnaire survey to graduate medical students in Medicine (M.D.) and Stomatological Medicine (S.M.D) enrolled at Peking University Health Science Center in the year 2013,analyzed on the understanding,period,forms,mentoring and effect of research training.Suggestions are proposed to strengthen the research training,for example,focusing on clinical training as well as research training,aiming at clinical issues,emphasize of clinical scientific research,permeating the concept oftransformation medicine,promotion of intense full-time research,strengthen the mentoring of professors.

Gut microbiota plays an important role in the maintenance of physiological function and genesis of some gut diseases. Brain-gut axis,as an important link between brain and gastrointestinal tract,is a requisite of gut microbiota stability. The dysfunction of brain-gut axis may lead to intestinal dysbiosis through activation of intestinal immune activity. Conversely,intestinal dysbiosis can influence nervous system development and may cause dysfunction of brain-gut axis,in which vagus nerve and metabolites in serum may be the critical factors. This article reviewed the advances in study on interaction between gut microbiota and brain-gut axis.

Objective To investigate the influence of sufentanial in postoperative patient controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA) in hemorheology after total hip replacement and its inhibitory effect on thrombosis.Methods Fifty patients,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ,undergone total hip replacement were randomly divided into PCEA group (n=25) and control group (n=25), and received continuous epidural anesthesia.After operation,5 mL 0.2% ropivacaine was administered in PCEA group,and then PCEA pump was used,analgesia liquid included 0.4 mg?L-1 sufentanial,0.2% ropivacaine and saline.Petidine was administered intramuscuarly according to pain in control group.VAS scores 1,12,24 and 48 h after operation and changes of various parameters of hemorheology at diffenent time after anesthesia were observed.Results ①The VAS scores 1,12,24,48 h after operation were lower than those in control group (P

Academic ethics is closely related to the construction of the world class disciplines,the academic ethics of university mentors and their graduate students are especially important to the development of disciplines and Universities.This article was based on a survey which used two-way evaluation conducted at Peking University Health Science Center,investigated the cognition,current status,misconduct and possible causes,as well as related trainings of academic ethics between mentors and mentees,furthermore,this article also analyzed the application of mentor-mentee two-way evaluation in the academic ethics trainings for post graduate students.

Objective Joint-PhD program is an effective way to cultivate international creative talents.Survey on intrinsic value factors of this mode is significant to improve the quality of medical education.Methods According to the questionnaire results and reports of 104 medical doctorates who attended the Joint-PhD program in PUHSC,Baldrige Performance Excellence was taken as theoretical framework.Results It showed that index influencing the quality of Joint-PhD education include social responsibility;stakeholders' expectation and market requirements;information and knowledge management support and so on.Conclusion In the process of doctoral education,advocating value of social responsibility,paying attention to the expectations of stakeholders,and attaching importance to the validity of education management services help to understand the intrinsic value of the quality management from the top universities in the world,in order to fundamentally improve the quality of doctoral education.