Objective To investigate the correlation of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in early period of pregnancy and abnormal glucose metabolism during gestation period.Methods Two hundred and seventy-seven women with single pregnancy and non-propregnant diabetes mellitus were selected.FPG,fasting insulin,insulin resistance index were detected in early period of pregnancy ( ＜19 weeks).One hundred g oral glucose tolerant test (OGTT) was taken during 24-36 weeks.According to OGTT,patients were divided into gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) group (24 cases),gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) group(23 cases),OGTT 1 h higher blood glucose (HG-1) group (26 cases) and normal group (204 cases).Results FPG,fasting insulin and insulin resistance index of GDM group and HG-1 group were obviously higher than those of normal group [( 4.58 ± 0.36 ),( 4.58 ± 0.38) mmol/L vs.( 4.20 ±0.33) mmol/L,(9.4 ± 1.1),(9.3 ±2.1) U/L vs.(7.0 ± 2.1) U/L,2.0 ± 0.4,2.0 ± 0.3 vs.1.3 ± 0.4,P＜ 0.05].FPG of GIGT group [(4.45 ±0.36) mmol/L] was higher than that of normal group (P ＜0.05).After controlled age,body mass index,family history of type-2 diabetes mellitus and sport exercises,the relative risk degree of blood glucose metabolism had correlation with FPG,fasting insulin and insulin resistance index in early period of pregnancy (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion FPG,fasting insulin and insulin resistance index in early period of pregnancy can predict abnormal glucose metabolism.

BACKGROUND:About 50% patients with coronary heart disease have no symptoms of cardiac disease before the first onset of myocardial infarction. Therefore, it is of great importance to make early and accurate detection of coronary heart disease and myocardial ischemia.OBJECTIVE: To measure the time of heart repolarization with magnetocardiography and probe into the role of non-invasive magnetocardiographic examination in evaluating cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease.DESIGN: Case-control observation.SETTING: Department of Cardiology of Philippustift Hospital, Essen,GermanyPARTICIPANTS: Totally 52 patients hospitalized for suspected coronary heart disease in the Department of Cardiology of Philippustift Hospital(Essen, Germany) between March 1998 and December 2002 were recruited,and another 10 patients diagnosed as old myocardial infarction were set as myocardial infarction group. Informed consents were obtained from the patients. Totally 32 healthy volunteers aged above 40 years old were recruited as the control group.METHODS: All the patients received the following examinations: physical and laboratory examinations, rest and stress electrocardiography(ECG), echocardiography, coronary artery angiography and magnetocardiography(MCG) examination. The control group received only rest ECG and MCG examination. The values of QT dispersion with ECG and MCG were compared between the patients and healthy controls. The diagnostic criteria for coronary heart disease: stenosis of one coronary artery ≥ 75% according to coronary artery angiography; index of repolarization time of the heart was measured with MCG QT dispersion and MCG dispersion coincidence (the mean of probe signal and QT dispersion of peripheral probe in each MCG).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ECG QT dispersion, MCG QT dispersion as well as coincidence index of QT dispersion of the observed subjects in each group.RESULTS: The 52 patients with suspected coronary heart disease,10 with myocardial infarction, and 32 healthy controls all entered the result analysis. The patients with suspected coronary disease were divided into 2 groups: group with coronary heart disease (n=27) and group without coronary heart disease (n=25). [1] Comparison of ECG QT dispersion: there was no significant difference among the groups(P ＞ 0.05). [2] Comparison of MCG QT dispersion: MCG QT dispersion in myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than that in control group [81.3±21.5, 52.4±13.6 (F=13.113, P ＜ 0.05)]. [3]Comparison of coincidence index of QT dispersion: Coincidence index of QT dispersion in myocardial infarction group and coronary heart disease group was both significantly higher than that in control group [15.6±4.2, 14.9±4.1, 10.2±2.7 (F=2.403, 3.332, P ＜ 0.01)].CONCLUSION: Compared with ECG, MCG can better reflect changes in the repolarization process of patients with coronary heart disease,and coincidence index of dispersion is superior to QT dispersion. This is because MCG is more sensitive to tangential currents presented at the precardial region when myocardial ischemia and infarction occur.

Objective To study the relationship between the change of resting electrocardiogram ST-T in chronic stable coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CAD) and left ventricle enjection fraction(LVEF).To know the significance that the change of ST-T may predict the function of left ventricle.Methods 80 patients with CAD in our c ardaic department were analyzed retrospectively,40 patients with the change of ST-T (positive group) and 40 patients without the change of ST-T(negative group) were analyzed the outcome of LVEF and the extent of coronary lesion.Results The LVEF of positive group was lower than negative group obviously,the comparision between both groups had statistical significance (t =6.125,P =0.000).In the electrocardiogram positive group,the number of the patients who had 2 and more than 2 branches lesion was more than negative group,the comparision between both groups had statistical significance(x2 =9.683,P =0.008).Conclusion The change of ST-T may predict the function of left ventricle of patients with chronic stable coronary atherosclerotic heart disease,the relationship may be connected with the degree of coronary lesion.

OBJECTIVE To discuss about the recurrent respiratory tract infections(RRTI) treatment by traditional Chinese medicine.RRTI is very commonly in children. METHODS According to clinical experience, as well as integrated with Western medicine,we think about the mechanism of RRTI from two sides.The main reason was the function of lung and spleen deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine theories;another reason was attached with outside evils.We treaed RRTI with different syndromes with different methods,such as dispelling the evil in the superficies with acrid drugs and cod drugs,regulating the function of lung and spleen;supplement Qi and supporting superficies, regulating Ying and Wei,nourishing Yin to reduce heat,strengthening the spleen and nourishing lung. RESULTS It has a good theropentio effective with traditional Chinese medicine on RRTI.During acute infectious period,we treated mainly eliminate evils,as well as to support healthy energy.During recovery period,we treated mainly support healthy energy,as well as to eliminate evils. CONCLUSIONS Traditional Chinese medicine has long time therapentir effect on RRTI,with less recurrence.

Objective To investigate the changes in auditory evoked potential index(AAI)value and bispectral index(BIS)value produced by treatment of hypotension with ephedrine or phenylephrine during induction of general anesthesia.Methods Seventy-five ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 30-50 yr with body mass index ＜ 30 kg/m2 underwent elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.Anesthesia was induced with 8%sevoflurane,midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and fentanyl 3 μg/kg.Tracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine 2 mg/kg.Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane inhalation.BIS value was maintained at 40-50 and AAI value at 20-30 by adjusting the concentration of sevoflurane.When the desired level of BIS value and AAI value was reached during induction of anesthesia,hypotension(MAP ＜ 80 % of the baseline)was treated with intravenous ephedrine 0.1 mg/kg(group E,n = 25)or phenylephrine 2 mg/kg(group P,n = 25)or 6% HES(130/0.4)10 ml/kg(group C,n = 25)at random.MAP,HR,BIS value and AAI value value were recorded before(T0)and at 2,5,7,10 min after fluid or vasoactive agent administration(T1-4).Results MAP significantly increased after treatment at T1-4 as compared with MAP at To in all 3 groups.BIS and AAI values were significantly increased after administration of ephedrine at T3,4 as compared with MAP at To in group E.There were no significant differences in BIS and AAI values before and after administration of phenylephrine and 6% HES in group P and C.Con-clusion Treatment of hypotension with ephedrine during induction of general anesthesia can increase BIS and AAI and decrease the depth of anesthesia but phenylephrine cannot.

Objective To investigate neuro-biochemical changes of bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and the correlation between abnormal metabolism and the cognitive function before and after treatment.Methods Fifteen patients with major depression and 15age-,sex-and education-matched healthy controls (HC) were involved.The neurochemical abnormalities including the levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA),choline-containing compounds,glutamate/glutamine and myoinostol were measured by single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic (1H-MRS).The subjects were then assessed with executive function with neuropsychological tests including Wisconsin cards sorting test (WCST),verbal fluency Task (vF),StrooP Color and Word Test (SCWT).After this,the patients took selectivity serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for eight weeks.Then,we examined the changes in NAA,Cho,Glx and MI in ACC of patients and assessed their executive function with the neuropsychological tests again.Results 1) In ACC,baseline NAA ((7.36 ± 1.67) mmol/L),GLx ((11.68 ± 1.65) mmol/L) and MI levels ((5.28 ± 0.66) mmol/L) were significantly lower in MDD compared to those of HC (NAA (9.27 ± 1.37)mmol/L,Glx (15.20 ± 1.91)mmol/L,MI (7.80 ± 2.73) mmol/L) (P ＜0.01) ; After treatment,the NAA ((9.34 ± 2.45) mmol/L) and Glx ((16.79 ±3.96) mmol/L) increased significantly after treatment compared to those prior to pretreatment (NAA(7.36 ± 1.67)mmol/L,Glx(11.68±1.65)mmol/L,P＜0.05).2) The normal controls exhibited better in Performance of WCST and Performance of completion time of SCWT than our MDD patients (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The patients made significant improvements in Performance of WCST and completion time of SCWT(C form) after treatment (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).3) In post-treatment MDD,the ACC Glx level was significantly positively correlated with the categories completes of WCST (r=0.739,P=0.009) and inversely related with the numbers to complete the first categories of WCST (r=-0.699,P=0.017) and the completion time of SCWT(C form) (r=-0.651,P=0.030) ;elevated MI(r=-0.705,P=0.023) and NAA(r=-0.735,P=0.010) levels in ACC of post-treatment MDD were both negatively correlated with the numbers to complete the first categories of WCST.Conclusion The ACC may be a key region involved in antidepressant treatment in MDD.The increased ACC NAA,Glx and MI in MDD after treatment may be significantly correlated with the improve of executive function.

Objective To understand the natural lighting in houses in constructed in different times island city and the influential factors in Dinghai, Zhoushan. Methods 3 districts, 92 families living in the buildings with 4-6 floors were chosen in Dinghai, Zhoushan, the daylight factor and the ratio of the window and the floor were determined, the subjective evaluation such as good, common, worse, the worst was done among 323 person according to the Code of Housing Design,GB50096-1999, Daylight Code of Building Design, GB50033-2001, Design Code for Planning City Residential Areas, GB50180-1993. Results The daylight in all the investigated houses met the requirement in GB50180-1993. The ratio of the window and the floor in the living room, bedroom, kitchen was larger than 1/7, that of the dinning room was more than 1/10, which met the requirement in GB50096-1999, in addition, the ratio of the newly buildings was higher than that of the old. The total qualified rate of the lowest daylight factor was 58.2, the main bedroom ranked the best, the living room ranked the worst, significant different results were seen in the houses constructed in different times, in 1980s, 1990s and 2000, it was 43.3%, 54.7% and 76.7% respectively. 91.9 percent of people who living in the first floor think the natural lighting worse, even the worst. Conclusion All the natural lighting designs for the involved houses in the island city can meet the requirements in the national standard of China, some people still complained the bad natural lighting, especially those who living in the lower floors.

Objective:To observe the effects of osteoprotegerin on osteoclasts in the occlusal tissue during tooth eruption in dog and analyze the mechanism. Methods: Six 7-day-old brood dogs were divided randomly to control and osteoprotegerin groups. The dogs in osteoprotegerin group were injected with osteoprotegerin for 3 days 1.5 mg/(kg?d). 5 days after injection the dogs were sacrificed and mandible were taken out for paraffin slice. The number of the osteoclasts in the occlusal tissue up the third mandibular premolar was detected by tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expressions of RANKL. Results: The number of osteoclasts in osteoprotegerin group was less than that in the control group (P

The mercury content in soil and sediment, although minimal, but its toxicity is substantial.Different speciation of mercury has different toxicity, so the determination of total mercury can not fully reveal its toxicity and bioavailability.The speciation of mercury has become more and more indispensable.This paper summarizes the extraction and determination methods of the total and the speciation mercury in soil and sediment, and the extraction and determination of methyl mercury.

In recent years,high-temperature heat wave caused an increase in the number of deaths than other climate disasters,the study of the effects of heat waves on the health of urban residents health becomes a subject of concern.Sustained high-temperature heat waves will inevitably cause harm to human health,to understand the characteristics of heat waves is conducive to the prediction of high temperature heat waves and to the establishment of reasonable response measures.This paper mainly introduces the present status of heat wave occur,the impact of heat wave on human health,the influencing factors for excess mortality during heat waves as well as the research methods for heat wave which are commonly used to predict.