OBJECTIVETo explore the improvement effect of vitamins B1, B2, PP supplementation to the metabolism changes of carbohydrates, lipids, protein and energy in mice exposed to acute hypoxia.

METHODSFifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal, acute hypoxia, acute hypoxia plus 2 times, 4 times and 8 times vitamins B1, B2, PP supplemented groups. All mice were fed corresponding diets for two weeks and then except the normal group were exposed to a simulated altitude of 6 000 meters for 8 hours. The changes of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, urea nitrogen, free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyric acid from serum, liver glycogen and blood adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration were measured.

RESULTSAfter being exposed to acute hypoxia, the mice glucose, liver glycogen, pyruvate, lactate, free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyric acid and urea nitrogen level were increased significantly (P < 0.05), while blood ATP concentration was decreased. In the vitamins B1, B2 and PP supplemented groups, these changes were improved.

CONCLUSIONThe significant changes in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism were observed in mice exposed to acute hypoxia, and the supplementation of vitamins B1, B2 and PP was proved to be beneficial in improving some metabolic pathways. It is suggested that the supplemented dose of four times was good.

Animals ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Niacinamide ; administration & dosage ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Riboflavin ; administration & dosage ; Thiamine ; administration & dosage ; Vitamin B Complex ; administration & dosage

Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Antioxidants ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ascorbic Acid ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; Vitamin E ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

Fat Emulsions, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Nutritional Support ; methods

High-fat diet up-regulates either insulin resistance or triglycerides, which is assumed to be related to the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha and PPAR-gamma. The beneficial effects of vitamin E on insulin resistance are well known; however, it is not clear if vitamin E with a high-fat diet alters the expression of PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma. We investigated the effects of d-alpha-tocopherol supplementation on insulin sensitivity, blood lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma in a high-fat (HF) diet-fed male C57BL/6J model of insulin resistance. The animals were given a regular diet (CON; 10% fat), a HF diet containing 45% fat, or a HF diet plus d-alpha-tocopherol (HF-E) for a period of 20 weeks. The results showed that the HF diet induced insulin resistance and altered the lipid profile, specifically the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels (P < 0.05). In this animal model, supplementation with d-alpha-tocopherol improved insulin resistance as well as the serum levels of TG and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the treatment decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and liver while increasing hepatic PPAR-alpha expression and decreasing PPAR-gamma expression. In conclusion, the oral administration of d-alpha-tocopherol with a high-fat diet had positive effects on insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress through the expression of PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma in a high-fat diet-fed male mice.
Administration, Oral ; Animals* ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipid Metabolism* ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; Mice ; Models, Animal* ; Oxidative Stress ; Peroxisomes ; Triglycerides ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of butanol (BuOH) fraction of Alisma canaliculatum (Ac) and/or selenium (Se) treatment on glycogen level, lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of the five groups: normal, STZ-control, and three experimental groups (Ac group, Ac-Se group, and Se group). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous administration of 45 mg/kg of STZ in citrate buffer. The BuOH fraction of Ac (400 mg/kg bw) was orally administered for 3 weeks. The Se group were fed a AIN-93 recommended diet mixed with Na(2)SeO(3) (2 mg/kg diet). The liver glycogen level of Ac and Ac-Se groups were significantly higher, when compared with the STZ-control groups. The muscle glycogen level was not significantly differ among all groups. The levels of liver triglyceride were higher in Ac-Se group than the STZ-control group. Pancreas protein levels were significantly increased in Ac-Se group than STZ-control group. The concentration of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased in Ac and Se groups and decreased in Ac-Se group. Administration of BuOH fraction of Alisma canaliculatum and selenium supplementation increased the liver glycogen and triglyceride levels, and reduced peroxidative liver damage in STZ induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that treatment with a BuOH fraction of Alisma canaliculatum in combination with selenium has no synergistic antioxidative effect. Selenium supplementation may lead a decrease MDA of liver in diabetic rats.
Administration, Intravenous ; Alisma* ; Animals ; Citric Acid ; Diet ; Glycogen* ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism* ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Liver ; Liver Glycogen ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; Pancreas ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Selenium* ; Streptozocin ; Triglycerides

Korean Ginseng (Panax C.A. Meyer) has survived empirical efficacy as tonic and geriatric agents for several thousands of years in oriental herbal medicine. But there has been numerous controversial reports about its use in aged hypertensive men due to its allegedly hypertensive effects. Therefore, the author conducted the pharmacological studies of Korean Ginseng extracts on the blood pressure and blood lipid metabolism, during development of hypertension, using SHR(Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat), counterpart model of human essential hypertension. The results obtained were as follows: 1. SHR could be grouped, according to their age, as prehypertensive stage(<6th week after birth), labile hypertensive stage(6th 14th week), early established hypertensive stage(14th-20th week), and late established hypertensive stage(>20th week). 2. Plasma renin activity tended to rise steadily, until established hypertensive stage was reached. Thereafter, plasma renin activity tended to decline. 3. The changes of blood pressure due to Ginseng extract, depended on the amount, route and duration of its administration. Low dose of Ginseng tended to increase blood pressure but high dose of Ginseng tended to decrease blood pressure, until 1 week of intraperitonal administration. But prolonged administration of Ginseng extract beyond 1 week, showed delayed hypertensive effect in the intraperitoneal administration but not in oral administration. 4. SHR seemed to have abnormalities in the lipid metabolism. SHR showed lowered level of serum cholesterol and phospholipid, whereas slightly higher level of triglyceride, and showed lower alpha-lipoprotin fraction but higher pre beta-lipoprotein fraction, as compared with NCR.(=Normal Control Rat). 5. When high fat cholesterol salt diet was fed on, it was possible to indece hyperlidemia and increment of hypertension in SHR. but when high fat cholesterol salt diet and Ginseng extract were fed on concomitantly, Ginseng showed significant inhibiting effect on the development of hyperlidemia and hypertension.
Administration, Oral ; Blood Pressure* ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Lipid Metabolism* ; Male ; Panax* ; Plasma ; Rats, Inbred SHR* ; Renin ; Triglycerides

AIMTo investigate the effects of CoQlo supplementation on liver mitochondrial function and aerobic capacity in adolescent athletes.

METHODSBased on a single blinded study design, 18 male adolescent swimming athletes were randomized into two groups, supplement CoQ10 100 mg/d (Q group), or placebo (P group) for 28 days respectively.

RESULTS(1) After supplementation, the plasma CoQ10 concentration in Q group was significantly elevated and significantly higher compared to P group. (2) After supplementation, the rest plasma MDA level in Q group remained unchanged and was significantly lower compared to P group. (3) The plasma CoQ10 concentration of the 18 athletes was significantly decreased during the first constant endurance exercise. (4) The baseline plasma CoQ10 of the 18 subjects showed significantly positive correlation with VO2max measured in the first incremental exercise. (5) No significant difference of increased level of AKBR between Q group and P group. (6) No significant difference of increase level of VO2max, individual lactate threshold and exercise economy between Q and P group.

CONCLUSIONAlthough there is an increased demand for plasma CoQ10 during endurance exercise and CoQ10 supplement can depress lipid peroxidation, there is no effect of CoQ10 supplementation on liver mitochondrial function and aerobic capacity in adolescent athletes.

Adolescent ; Exercise ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Mitochondria, Liver ; metabolism ; physiology ; Physical Endurance ; Swimming ; Ubiquinone ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives

To explore interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and characterize lipid accumulation in L02 hepatocytes induced by sodium oleate. L02 hepatocytes were incubated with 0, 37.5, 75, 150, 300, 600, or 1,200 μmol/L sodium oleate for 24 h, and the supernatant was collected to detect the concentration of IL-6. L02 hepatocytes were incubated with 300, 150, 75, or 0 μmol/L sodium oleate for 0-24 h. The supernatant was collected for detection of IL-6 and free fatty acids. L02 hepatocytes treated with 300 μmol/L sodium oleate for 0-24 h were stained with Oil Red O. With extended sodium oleate incubation time, IL-6 levels increased, and free fatty acids decreased. After 24 h incubation, IL-6 levels increased as sodium oleate increased from 37.5 to 300 μmol/L (
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hepatocytes/metabolism* ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Lipid Metabolism ; Oleic Acid/administration & dosage* ; Time Factors

The purpose of this study was to investigate the implications of dietary intake and the level of plasma antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant capacity in Korean women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). From October 2002 to March 2003, 58 patients diagnosed with CIN (confirmed with colposcopy directed biopsy) and 86 patients without any cervical disease as control group were enrolled in the study at the Department of Gynecology cancer center at Samsung Cheil Hospital. The intake of antioxidant vitamins in both groups exceeded the amount recommended by the Korea RDA, 7th edition. The plasma concentration of Vitamin C was significantly lower in the CIN group (0.36 mg/dL) than in the control group (0.48 mg/dL) (p<0.05). The two groups showed similar plasma concentrations of beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and retinol. The average concentration of malondialdehydes in the CIN group, 7.23 mmol/mL, was significantly higher than in the control group, 5.18 mmol/mL (p<0.01). The total radical trapping antioxidant potential concentration of plasma was significantly higher in the CIN group (1.15 mM) than in the control group (1.25 mM) (p<0.05). These results suggest that there is a possible correlation between cervical intraepithelial neoplastic processes and changes in the plasma antioxidative system.
Adult ; Aged ; Antioxidants/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*metabolism ; Cervix Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; *Lipid Peroxidation ; Middle Aged ; Vitamins/administration & dosage/*blood

Coptis chinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been found to have multiple pharmacological effects recently. Some research showed that C. chinensis has antioxidant effects, including scavenging oxygen free radicals, alleviating lipid peroxidation, enhancing activity of antioxidant enzymes, et al. C. chinensis may inhibit several classical pathological pathways in diabetes. C. chinensis is a potential medicine to prevent and treat diabetes mellitus and its complications. This review focuses on the recent research progress in the study of antioxidant effects of C. chinensis and its major contributions to diabetes treatment/therapy.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; administration & dosage ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects