Objective To evaluate the reliability of objective structured clinical examination based on standardized patients in clinical skill test for medical students.Methods To analyze the scores of 8 stations OSCE by applying multivariate generalizability theory.Results The relative G coefficient of the 8 stations OSCE was 0.886, and the absolute G coefficient was 0.883.Conclusions Multivariate generalizability theory is an objective and scientific method to evaluate the OSCE stations, and the analysis results facilitate to improvement the practice interms of quality and efficacy.

In the process of building a high level resident standardized training base, the competency training of the management staff is an important mission.The connotation of management staff`s competency is divided into three levels: knowledge competence, work competence and problem-solving competency.The training of management staff`s competency needs to be decomposed and analyzed on three levels of competency, and to be implemented according to the specific training process.

Quantities of teaching-helping activities are present in among hospitals because of gap in education quali-ty.Effectiveness of those helping activities depends on establishment of a scientific teaching -helping system.Teach-ing-helping system among hospitals is based on the establishment of teaching system of hospital , scientific and scheduled helping process management , and a clear claim of effectiveness .Peking Union Medical College Hospital reviewed its teaching-helping activities and developed a theoretical model of effectiveness of teaching -helping among hospitals .

Objective: To explore the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture on neuropathic pain and the role of PI3K/AKT pathway in microglial activation in spinal cord. Methods: Chronic constriction injury model was established using Sprague-Dawley rats to mimic neuropathic pain. The pain intensity was then detected by paw withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot were used to evaluate the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway as well as microglia in L4-5 of all rats. Proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were analyzed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: It was demonstrated that chronic constriction injury-induced hyperalgesia was significantly improved by LY294002 intrathecal administration and electroacupuncture stimulation at “Zusanli” 足三里 (ST36) and “Yanglingquan” 阳陵泉 (GB34). Also, treatment with electroacupuncture significantly reduced the activation of microglia and downregulated the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, which was similar to the outcomes of LY294002 intrathecal administration. Furthermore, the expression and phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT signaling was markedly suppressed by electroacupuncture treatment. Conclusions: These findings indicated that electroacupuncture exhibited the analgesic effect on CCI rats by inhibiting the activation of microglia and production of proinflammatory cytokines in spinal cord through blocking the microglial PI3K/AKT signaling activation

Objective To investigate the association between gallstones (GS) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in southern Xinjiang, China, and to provide experience for the prevention and control of metabolic diseases in southern Xinjiang. Methods The patients with GS who visited First Division Hospital, Second Division Korla Hospital, and Third Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from March 2015 to March 2019 were enrolled as case group, and cluster sampling was used to select the individuals who underwent physical examination in Third Division 51st Regiment Hospital during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1140 cases were enrolled in each group after 1∶ 1 matching based on age and sex. The t -test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups; a logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for GS. Dummy variables were included by logistic regression to evaluate multiplicative interaction between MS components, and the parameter estimate and covariance matrix of the logistic regression model and interaction calculation table were used to calculate and evaluate additive interaction between MS components. Results The risk of GS in MS patients was 2.33 times that in non-MS patients (odds ratio [ OR ]=2.33, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 1.86-2.92). In addition, the components of MS also increased the risk of GS, including blood glucose ( OR =2.94, 95% CI : 2.36-3.68), blood pressure ( OR =1.50, 95% CI : 1.26-1.80), blood lipids ( OR =1.48, 95% CI : 1.25-1.75), and body mass index ( OR =1.44, 95% CI : 1.21-1.70). After adjustment for multiple factors, the risk of GS gradually increased with the increase in the number of metabolic abnormalities, i.e., one abnormality ( OR =1.55, 95% CI : 1.22-1.99), two abnormalities ( OR =2.13, 95% CI : 1.66-2.72), three abnormalities ( OR =3.48, 95% CI : 2.59-4.69), and four abnormalities ( OR =4.65, 95% CI : 2.79-7.84). No additive or multiplicative interaction was found between MS components. Conclusion GS is closely associated with MS in southern Xinjiang, and the risk of GS gradually increases with the increase in MS components. No additive or multiplicative interaction is found between GS and MS components.