OBJECTIVETo investigate and study the endangered Tibetan medicinal plant species, their moisture content, biomass and resources reserves in Lhasa region.

METHODThe rare and endangered Tibetan medicinal plant resources were investigated by plot-quadrat method, walking and inquiry ways, sampling and drying method.

RESULTThere were 37 species of rare and endangered plants, belonging to 22 families and 34 genera in Lhasa region. The moisture content of aerial part was higher than that of underground part in many plants. The moisture content of Przewalskia tangutica was the highest (91.97%), and the lowest one was Fritillaria delavayi (only 25.99%). The mean biomass of Rubus biflorus was the highest (1 830.480 g), that of Cordyceps sinensis was the lowest (0.291 g). The root-shoot ratio of Asparagus filicinus was the maximum (5.313), the minimum was Aconitum gymnandrum (0.286). The largest output was 18.000 kg x hm(-2) for Berberis agricola, the output of Saxifraga pasumensis was the lowest (0.007 kg x hm(-2)). The resources reserves of the rare and endangered plants were 15683.697 t in Lhasa region, the maximum was 7690.230 t for B. agricola, 49.03% of the total reserves, the minimum was 2.393 t for S. pasumensis, only 0.015%.

CONCLUSIONThe characteristics of rare and endangered plants were as follows: abundant species and complex habitats, widely distribution but uneven, rich reserves and high economic value. We suggested to update the endangered level of medicinal plants, strengthen the scientific research on these plants, maintain sustainable utilization of the rare and endangered plants in Lhasa region.

Conservation of Natural Resources ; Endangered Species ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Tibet

Objective To discuss the change trends of pathogen of severe hand,foot and mouth dis-ease(HFMD) in Chaoshan area during 2011 to 2015. Methods All 1410 throat swabs of cases who were diagnosed as HFMD were collected from children hospitalized in our hospital during May 2011 to August 2015. Enterovirus were detected by nest RT-PCR,and the results of these positive cases diagnosed as severe HFMD were analyzed. Results (1) There were 216 positive cases(67. 29％,216/321) diagnosed as severe HFMD,including 53. 70％ ( 116/216 ) enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ), 19. 91％ ( 43/216 ) coxsackievirus A16 (CA16),12. 04％(26/216) CA6,8. 80％(19/216) CA10,3. 24％(7/216) CA4,0. 93％(2/216) coxsack-ievirus B5, 0. 46％ ( 1/216 ) enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus and 0. 93％ ( 2/216 ) unclassified samples were unclassified to species. (2) Five cases of critical HFMD were all caused by EV71. (3) The EV71 positive samples were given priority to severe cases ( 51. 79％,116/224 ) and the non EV71 positive samples were given priority to mild cases ( 82. 08％, 458/558 ) , the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =91. 68,P<0. 001). (4) The change trends of severe HFMD year by year were consistent with the change trends of EV71 composition,and were highly correlated(Rs=0. 9,P=0. 037). (5) Severe HFMD caused by non EV71 virus gradually increased. Conclusion Severe HFMD in Chaoshan area during 2011 to 2015 were mainly caused by EV71,non EV71 viruses including CA16,CA6,CA10,CA4,coxsackievirus B5, enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus 6 could also develop to severe HFMD. The composition ratio of severe HFMD increased accordingly in the year of EV71 as the dominant pathogen. The proportion of severe HFMD caused by non EV71 virus gradually increased after 2013 year.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of early gastric cancer with mixed histological staging, and to analyze the prognostic effect of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer.Methods:Clinical data of early gastric cancer patients treated with ESD in Gansu Wuwei Cancer Hospital from January 2011 to March 2020 were collected, and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with mixed-type early gastric cancer were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. The clinical effects and influencing factors of ESD on early gastric cancer were analyzed by logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier was used to estimate the survival rate, and log-rank test was used to compare the survival rate.Results:A total of 269 patients (280 lesions) were included in this study, including 216 males (80.30%) and 53 females (19.70%), with age of 60.43±8.01 years. There were 25 lesions (8.93%) of mixed early gastric cancer, 248 lesions (88.57%) of differentiated early gastric cancer, and 7 lesions (2.50%) of undifferentiated early gastric cancer. Compared with differentiated and undifferentiated early gastric cancer, the lesion site of mixed early gastric cancer was mainly located in the upper 1/3 of the stomach [64.00% (16/25), 40.73% (101/248) VS 0.00% (0/7), χ2=10.211, P=0.006], the proportion of the lesion size ≤2 cm was relatively small [52.00% (13/25), 80.65% (200/248) VS 85.71% (6/7), χ2=11.173, P=0.004], and the proportion of infiltration depth in the mucosa was lower [52.00% (13/25), 85.48% (212/248) VS 57.14% (4/7), χ2=20.019, P<0.001], the proportion of positive vertical resection margin was relatively high [20.00% (5/25), 2.82% (7/248) VS 0.00% (0/7), χ2=16.657, P<0.001], the proportion of vascular invasion was higher than that of differentiated carcinoma but lower than that of undifferentiated carcinoma [36.00% (9/25), 2.42% (6/248) VS 42.86% (3/7), χ2=58.413, P<0.001], the complete resection rate was lower [76.00% (19/25), 93.15% (231/248) VS 100.00% (7/7), χ2=9.497, P=0.009], the curative resection rate was lower than that of differentiated early gastric cancer, but higher than that of undifferentiated early gastric cancer [48.00% (12/25), 89.52% (222/248) VS 42.86% (3/7), χ2=39.757, P<0.001], and the proportion of eCura grade C2 was higher than that of differentiated cancer, but lower than that of undifferentiated cancer [48.00% (12/25), 5.65% (14/248) VS 57.14% (4/7), χ2=58.766, P<0.001]. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the larger lesions ( P=0.004, OR=0.539, 95% CI: 0.354-0.822) was the risk factor for curative resection. In terms of infiltration depth, mucosal ( P=0.001, OR=51.799, 95% CI: 5.535-84.768) and submucosal 1 ( P<0.001, OR=29.301, 95% CI: 24.694-73.972) were protective factors for curative resection compared with submucosal 2. In terms of differentiation degree, compared with mixed type, differentiated type ( P=0.024, OR=3.947, 95% CI: 1.195-13.032) was the protective factor for curative resection, while undifferentiated type ( P=0.443, OR=0.424, 95% CI: 0.048-3.788) showed no difference between curative resection and mixed type. During the follow-up, 7 patients died. The overall survival time was 114.42±0.97 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 97.10%. There was no significant difference in the survival rate of early gastric cancer patients with different degrees of differentiation ( χ2=0.434, P=0.805). The survival rate of early gastric cancer patients with or without curative resection was significantly different ( χ2=4.081, P=0.043). Conclusion:Mixed early gastric cancer patients show high margin positive rate, vascular infiltration, and less curative resection than differentiated early gastric cancer. Therefore, the process of treating mixed early gastric cancer should be more rigorous. The long-term survival prognosis of early gastric cancer after ESD treatment is promising.

This study aims at establishing a teaching catalog and content for breast rare diseases and developing the syllabus for the breast rare disease using integrated multimodality of case-/problem-/resource-based learning (CBL+PBL+RBL).

By conducting bibliometrics co-occurrence analysis, we collected 6291 articles on breast rare disease published from January, 1975 to June, 2024. Additionally, we retrieved the Textbook on Rare Diseases, the Catalog of Chinese Rare Disease, and Second Batch of Rare Disease Catalog and then decided the teaching content.

From 16, 387 keywords, 1000 (6.1%) keywords were identified through co-occurrence analysis, including 50(0.3%) candidate diseases. These were classified into three categories: rare primary breast diseases, rare genetic mutation-related diseases associated with breast cancer, and rare systemic multi-system diseases involving the breast. From the candidate list, 20(0.1%) rare primary breast diseases were further selected for their notable clinical teaching significance, and significant multi-systemic diseases affecting the breast, whether related to gene mutations or not. Teaching plans were drafted using a diversified parallel teaching approaches, taking into account the characteristics of different diseases and the focus of different teaching methods.

This study initiated the development of the teaching content for breast rare diseases and developed the teaching syllabus using the CBL+PBL+RBL integrated multi teaching model and targeting each rare breast disease for the critical point for teaching.