Objective To investigate the activation of microglia and astrocytes, the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, and the survival of neurons in the hippocampus of mice with acute seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) 24 hours after the onset of seizures. Methods Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the control group and the PTZ-induced acute epileptic seizure group using random numbers, with 28 mice in each group. The activation status of microglia and astrocytes in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was evaluated by immunofluorescence 24 hours after the onset of seizures. RNA was extracted from the hippocampal tissue to detect the expression level of inflammatory factor mRNA, and HE staining was used to assess the survival of neurons in the hippocampus. Results Twenty-four hours after PTZ-induced acute seizures in mice, the numbers of activated Iba1⁺ microglia (55.72±4.29 vs 35.71±9.66, P＜0.001) and GFAP⁺ astrocytes (51.61±8.21 vs 37.64±5.27, P＜0.01) in the CA1 region were significantly increased compared with the control group; the proportion of M1 microglia was significantly increased (0.58±0.02 vs 0.35±0.08, P＜0.0001), while the proportion of M2 microglia was significantly decreased (0.25±0.08 vs 0.44±0.09，P＜0.01); the mRNA level of pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β in the hippocampus was significantly higher than that in the control group (2.49±1.61 vs 1.02±0.68, P＜0.05); the numbers of neurons in the CA1 (284.91±73.32 vs 498.88±176.79, P＜0.05) and CA3 (247.42±50.20 vs 457.78±150.08, P＜0.05) regions during the acute phase was significantly reduced compared with the control group. Conclusions Twenty-four hours after PTZ-induced acute epileptic seizures in mice, microglia and astrocytes in the CA1 region of the hippocampus are activated, with microglia mainly presenting the M1 phenotype to exert pro-inflammatory effects, secretions of pro-inflammatory factors increasing, and surviving hippocampal neurons decreasing.

Enamel demineralization, the formation of white spot lesions, is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment. The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties. This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment, advocating for proactive prevention, early detection, timely treatment, scientific follow-up, and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process, thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Caries/etiology* ; Dental Enamel/pathology* ; Tooth Demineralization/etiology* ; Tooth Remineralization

The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

Objective To investigate the long-term incidence of in-stent stenosis(ISS)in patients with intracranial aneurysms receiving pipeline embolization device(PED)who showed no ISS at short-to-medium term follow-up examination.Methods The clinical data of patients,who received PED treatment at the Department of Neurointervention,First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University of China between April 2015 and June 2022,were retrospectively collected.The patients with intracranial aneurysms,who showed no ISS at the initial follow-up with DS A and completed＞12 months long-term follow-up check after treatment at the same hospital,were screened out,and their relevant clinical data and imaging materials were collected.The incidence of ISS occurring in postoperative＞12 months long-term follow-up was calculated.The ISS was defined as a＞25％lumen loss of the parent artery when compared with its lumen size measured immediately after PED implantation.Results A total of 57 patients with 61 aneurysms were enrolled in this study,and a total of 68 PEDs were implanted.Forty-one(67.21％)aneurysms were treated by PED implantation only,and 20(32.79％)aneurysms by PED plus spring coils.The median initial follow-up time was 184.0 days(119.0,212.5).At postoperative＞12 months long-term follow-up visit,DSA was employed for 35(57.38％)aneurysms,CTA was adopted for 22(36.07％)aneurysms,and 3D-SPACE sequence MR scan was performed in 4(6.56％)aneurysms.The median follow-up time was 538.0 days(407.5,678.0),and the incidence of ISS was 0％.No ISS-related neurological symptoms occurred in all patients.Conclusion In treating intracranial aneurysms with PED,the postoperative incidence of ISS is low.No ISS is found during the short-term follow-up period,and long-term follow-up results tend to indicate that no ISS events have occurred.

Objective:To explore the diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection complicated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Methods:The diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HIV infection and ALL who was admitted to Tianjin People's Hospital on February 13, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the experience was summarized and the literature was reviewed.Results:The patient had a history of HIV infection for more than 3 years, and was diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and was treated with VCP (Vindesine 2 mg on days 1, 8, 15, 22, cyclophosphamide 600 mg on days 1-2, 15-16, dexamethasone 9 mg on days 1-14, 5 mg. 15-28 days) and died on the 8th day of chemotherapy. The cause of death was infection.Conclusion:Combined chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on the basis of highly active antiretroviral therapy can improve the prognosis and survival rate of HIV-infected patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Objective:To evaluate the incidence, clinical significance and influencing factors on in-stent stenosis(ISS) after treatment of intracranial aneurysms by Pipeline embolization device(PED).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 161 patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with PED at the Department of Interventional Radiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2015 to July 2021. PED was implanted into the parent artery through the femoral artery approach after general anesthesia. The first DSA follow-up duration time and imaging data were collected, and the patients were divided into ISS group and non-ISS group accordingly. The degree of aneurysm occlusion was evaluated by O′Kelly-Marotta(OKM) grading scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to identify the factors related to ISS.Results:A total of 179 PED were employed in 161 patients with 168 aneurysms. Eighty-eight (52.38%) aneurysms were treated by PED only, and 80 (47.62%) aneurysms by PED combined with coiling. After a median follow-up of 6 (5, 7) months, 31(18.45%) aneurysms had ISS within the PED, of which 16(9.52%) cases were with mild stenosis (<50%), 13 (7.74%) were with moderate stenosis (50%-75%), and 2(1.19%) were with severe stenosis (>75%). All patients with ISS showed no relevant clinical symptoms. One (0.60%) patient with ISS underwent balloon angioplasty. Univariate analysis showed that the stent diameter, aneurysm location, triglyceride level, the diameter of distal parent artery, and the diameter of proximal parent artery were associated to ISS. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the stent diameter (OR=0.332, 95%CI 0.191-0.578, P<0.001) and triglyceride level (OR=1.641, 95%CI 1.034-2.605, P=0.036) were independent factors of ISS. Conclusions:ISS is a common benign complication after PED treatment. The current results suggest that small stent diameter and high triglyceride level are independent factors of ISS.

Social isolation represents the development of a certain level, either partial or complete, of deprivation of socialization and may have adverse effects in many aspects for the elderly, which can be physiological, psychological and social.Meanwhile, during the course of human life, aging becomes an inevitable process and brings about changes in cognitive ability, which become an important focus of our attention.This paper reviews the research progress on the relationship between social isolation and cognitive ability in the elderly, in order to provide a new perspective for future research on social isolation and cognitive ability in the elderly and also to offer new insight on how to construct a model of intervention and health management for the elderly population with social isolation.

Objective:To investigate the in vitro inhibitory activity of a novel class Ⅰ and Ⅱb selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, purinostat mesylate (PM) , in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its mechanism.Methods:The 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method was used to detect the effect of PM on cell proliferation. The effects of PM on cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The acetylation levels of HDAC substrate, cell cycle protein, apoptosis-related protein, and oncogene protein expression were detected by Western blot.Results:PM significantly inhibited the proliferation of lymphoma SUDHL-4 and SUDHL-6 cells and increased the acetylation levels of HDAC substrates H3, H4, and α-tubulin. In cell cycle experiments, PM induced G 0/G 1 phase arrest in SUDHL-4 and SUDHL-6 cells. Western blot experiment showed that PM could significantly downregulate the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk2, Cdk4, Cdk6, cyclin D1, and cyclin E and upregulate the expression of CDK inhibitor protein p21. In the apoptosis experiment, PM could induce the apoptosis of SUDHL-4 and SUDHL-6 cells. Western blot experiment demonstrated that PM promoted endogenous apoptosis by activating caspase-3 kinase and affecting antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. In addition, PM could downregulate the expression of oncogene marker proteins MYC, IKZF1, and IKZF3. Conclusion:PM has an efficient biological activity in vitro for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, including double-hit lymphoma, and provides valuable experimental evidence for PM in clinical treatment.

DNA/metabolism* ; Gene Editing ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans

Objective:To investigate the effect of internet nursing model on female patients who are undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, improve the quality of nursing service in reproductive center.Methods:A total of 201 female patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer from April 2018 to December 2018 were divided into the intervention group(102 cases) and the control group(99 cases) by random digits table method. The patients in intervention group were treated with nursing care based on the internet platform, and the control group was given routine care. The duration of intervention was from the patients determined treatment plan to the time pregnancy test 14 days after embryo transfer. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS), Fertility Quality of Life(FertiQoL), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC) were used to evaluate the differences in anxiety and depression, quality of life, and psychological resilience before and after intervention. The outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer was observed in two groups.Results:After intervention, the score of SAS, SDS were 26.03±6.43, 28.79±5.26 in the intervention group, and 40.76±6.81, 36.13±6.27 in the control group, the difference were significant( t values were -15.77, -9.00, all P<0.01). After intervention,the dimensional scores of mental and physical, social relationship, tolerance to treatment in the FertiQoL were 68.21±18.34, 75.56±19.58, 69.14±18.91 in the intervention group, and 58.11±17.42, 67.24±19.27, 58.77±19.86 in the control group, the difference were significant( t values were 4.00, 3.04, 3.79, all P<0.01). After intervention,the dimensional scores of tough, optimistic in CD-RISC were 37.03±10.51, 14.02±3.25 in the intervention group, and 26.73±9.81, 10.13±3.41 in the control group, the difference were significant( t values were 7.17, 8.28, all P<0.01). The average number of high-quality embryos and clinical pregnancy rate were 1.79(0.59, 4.51), 49.02%(50/102) in the intervention group, and 1.22(0.36, 2.86) , 33.33% (33/99) in the control group, the difference were significant ( t value was 2.47, χ2 value was 5.10, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The new nursing model based on internet has positive significance for the treatment of female patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, which can improve patients' anxiety and depression, improve their quality of life and enhance their psychological resilience.