Abstract The Children s Aid Society of New York has been providing free food to students at local vocational schools since 1853. It wasn t until 1975 that the school lunch program was permanently mandated by Congress. The National School Lunch Program in America has gone through a historic process from its inception and establishment to its development. The continued interest and oversight of the American people, public opinion guidance by progressive people like nutrition reformers, home economics and other are external factors in the continued development of this program. The timely enactment of the bill by the federal government and the high concern of senior leaders on this project is an important prerequisite for continued development. Integrating this program into the national agricultural development strategy and realizing the overall development philosophy is the key to the sustainability of this program. Paying attention to children s physical health is the core reason why American School Feeding Programs focus on children s diet quantity to children s nutritional quality. All of these factors contribute to the development of this project.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical efficacy of GEMOX regimen on patients with refractory non-hodgkin's lymphoma.

METHODSEighty-two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were divided into 2 groups: gemcitabine+oxaliplation(Gem+Oxa) group (42 cases) and vinorelbine+oxaliplatin(Vin+Oxa) group (40 cases) according to chemotherapy regimens. The clinical efficacy, side effects, progression-free survival situation in 2 groups were compared.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference on the clinical effects of 2 groups (P>0.05); The therapeutic efficacy for B cell lymphoma was higher than that for T cell lymphoma(P<0.05); The therapeutic effects for I-II stages was lower than that for III-IV stages(P<0.05); The incidences of platelet decline, nausea and vomit, peripheral nerve symptoms in Gem+Oxa group were lower than those in Vin+Oxa group(P<0.05); There was no significant difference in the median progression free survival(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe efficacy of GEMOX regimen for refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been confirmed to be good, it has distinct clinical curative effect, it can prolong the progression-free survival time in patients with B cell lymphoma, specially for III-IV stages. It can be used as the preferred method for the treatment of patients with refractory NHL.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mRNA and protein expression of axin inhibitor (AXIN), β-chain protein (β-catenin), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and their relationship in lymphoma cells.

METHODSThe expressions of MMP-7, MMP-9, β-catenin and AXIN in lymphoma cell lines were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. Moreover, the lymphoma cells with relatively low expression of AXIN were grouped and were transiently transfected by using pcDNA5-His-β-catenin and pCMV5-HA-AXIN; the protein and mRNA expression of MMP-7, MMP-9 and β-catenin in lymphoma cells was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively; the cell infiltration and migration ability in group with stable ligh expression of AXIN, group of interfering stable high expression of AXIN and blank control group were analyzed by transwell experiment.

RESULTSThe AXIN negatively correlated with MMP-7, MMP-9 and β-catenin expression in lymphoma cell lines. After the up-regulation of AXIN, the mRNA expression of MMP7, MMP-9 and β-catenin in Raji cells all not significantly changed, while the pratein expression of MMP-7, MMP-9 and β-catenin all significantly decreased (P<0.05); after the up-regulation of β-catenin, the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-7, MMP-9 was also up-regulated significantly (P<0.05). After interfering the AXIN, the mRNA expression of MMP-7, MMP-9 and β-catenin in group with stable high expression of AXIN all not changed significantly, while protein expression of MMP-7, MMP-9 and β-catenin was down-regulated significantly (P<0.05); after interfering the β-catenin, the protein and mRNA expression of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in group with stable high expression of AXIN all were down-regulated significantly(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe up-regulation of AXIN expression in lymphoma cells can lead to decrease of β-catenin expression and the resuts in significant decrease of MMP-7 and MMP-9 expression, there by plays a role to block the infiltration and migration of lymphoma cells.

Axin Protein ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; RNA, Messenger ; beta Catenin

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to observe the interventional effect of cod liver oil supplementation on re-vaccination to hepatitis B virus (HBV) among infants and young children.

METHODSAll 7-36 months old infants and young children, who had been vaccinated with obligatory HBV vaccines routinely by the national technical and administrative procedures for HBV vaccination on children of China, were convened among villages in Linyi, Shandong province, from October 2008 to March 2009. After detection of serum anti-HBV, one hundred children with lower serum anti-HBV were picked out for the randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled vitamin A supplementation study. The children in the intervention group (50 subjects) took 0.5 g condensed cod liver oil (containing 25 000 IU vitamin A and 2500 IU vitamin D(2)) every 15 days for six times. The children in the control group (50 subjects) were given corn oil with same volume. All children were re-vaccinated at the 30th and the 60th day of the experiment. The serum samples were collected from each child at the 90th day of the experiment. Retinol concentration in serum samples was analyzed with HPLC method before and after the intervention. The levels of serum anti-HBs were detected by the electro-chemi-luminescence immunoassay (ECLIA).

RESULTSTotal 74 children finished the supplemental experiment and blood collection, 37 subjects in each group, respectively. After intervention, the serum retinol level in the experimental and control group were (404.1 ± 123.1) and (240.8 ± 92.8) µg/L (t = 6.441, P < 0.01), respectively. The serum anti-HBs levels in the experimental and control group were (2737.2 ± 2492.6) and (1199.7 ± 2141.6) U/L (t = 2.846, P < 0.01), respectively. The rate of weak or no-answer case in experimental and control groups was 0.00% (0/37) and 10.81% (4/37) (χ(2) = 4.229, P = 0.040), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe results showed that vitamin A supplementation might enhance the re-vaccination reaction against HB vaccine in infants and young children.

Child, Preschool ; Cod Liver Oil ; therapeutic use ; Dietary Supplements ; Double-Blind Method ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Active ; Infant ; Vitamin A ; therapeutic use ; Vitamins ; therapeutic use

Mini health technology assessment (Mini-HTA) was developed from traditional HTA,based on the hospital needs.It is a very important decision making method and reference tool for the hospital policy makers.Currently there is no report of using Mini-HTA ease on introducing new equipment in China.Present paper introduces the Mini-HTA to provide reference for others hospitals in China.

OBJECTIVETo optimize the preparation process of solid dispersions of ginkgolides to improve the drug dissolution.

METHODThe influence of formulation and preparation technology on drug release from solid dispersions was investigated by single factor test. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the solid dispersions of ginkgolides.

RESULTThe solubilization efficiency of solid dispersions using PVP k30 as carrier was better than that taking poloxamer 188 or HPMC as matrix. The results of XRD and DSC showed that ginkgolides existed in solid dispersion at amorphous form or solvates form. The dissolution rate of ginkgolide B in solid dispersion was increased dramatically compared with raw material.

CONCLUSIONSolid dispersions could significantly improve solubility and dissolution rate of ginkgolides.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Ginkgolides ; chemistry ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; chemistry ; Solubility ; X-Ray Diffraction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the gene transcriptions and expressions of Smad3 and Smad4 in androgen dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, and whether this effect can be suppressed by the androgen receptor inhibitor flutamide.

METHODSThe androgen dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium and treated with different concentrations of DHT(2, 10, 50 nmol/L) and flutamide (100 nmol/L). Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNAs of Smad3 and Smad4. The expressions of Smad3 and Smad4 protein were detected by Western blot assay.

RESULTSCompared with the control group without any DHT or flutamide, higher concentration(10, 50 nmol/L) of DHT enhanced the transcription of Smad3 mRNA (P <0.05). Serial concentrations of DHT increased the expression of Smad3 protein(P < 0.05). Flutamide inhibited the up-regulation of both Smad3 mRNA transcription and expression significantly (P <0.05). 10 nmol/L DHT significantly suppressed the transcription of Smad4 (P <0.05). There was considerable suppressions of Smad4 expression at the presence of DHT in different concentrations (P < 0.05). And the degree of this suppression was more significant than that of DHT on Smad4 mRNA transcription. Flutamide inhibited the suppressive effects of DHT on both Smad4 mRNA transcription and expression.

CONCLUSIONDHT can enhance the transcription and expression of Smad3, while it decreases the transcription and expression of Smad4 in LNCaP cell line. There is a possible crosstalk between the AR signal and TGF-beta signal passways at the level of Smads.

Androgens ; physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dihydrotestosterone ; pharmacology ; Flutamide ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Smad3 Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Smad4 Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transcription, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical efficacy of L-asparginasum, ASP) combined with CHOP for treating patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.

METHODSA total of 68 patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma in our hospital from August 2007 to May 2009 were enrolled in this study, out of them 34 patients received CHOP regimen (CHOP group) and other 34 patients received CHOP regimen combined with L-Asparaginasum (ASP+CHOP group). The clinical efficacy of both groups was analyzed and compared after treatment.

RESULTSIn CHOP group 16 patients achieved CR+PR, the total remission rate (TRR) was 47.06%; in ASP+CHOP group 24 patients achieved CR+PR, the TRR was 70.58%, and the TRR in ASP+CHOP group was higher than that in CHOP group, there was statistical significance between these 2 groups (X(2) = 3.886, P < 0.05). The time of PFS in CHOP group was 24.7 months, and the time of PFS in ASP+CHOP group was 47.5 months which was significantly longer than that in CHOP group, and there was statistical siguificance between these 2 groups (P < 0.05). The incidence of anemia with grade I-II and III-IV blood cell reduction in ASP+CHOP group was higher than that in CHOP group (P < 0.05). The incidence of fever with grade I-II and albumin decrease in ASP+CHOP group was higher than that in CHOP group (P < 0.05). The abnormality of coagulation function in ASP+CHOP group was higher than that in CHOP group (P < 0.05). The anaphylactic reaction was found in 6 cases. The increase of serum amylase was observed in 1 case of aggressive NK/T cell lymphoma, the acute pancreatitis occured in 1 case who was inproved after treatment, but this patients died due to rapid progression of disease caused by poor general condition and untolerance to chemotherapy. The incomplete intestinal obstruction was found in 3 patients who recovered after conservative treatment. The grade II serum creatinine was elevated in 2 cases of ASP+CHOP group and in 1 case of CHOP group who was inproved after symptomatic therapy.

CONCLUSIONL-Asparaginasum combined with CHOP for treating patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma is effective, and may be used in clinic.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Asparaginase ; Aspartic Acid ; Cyclophosphamide ; Doxorubicin ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Prednisolone ; Treatment Outcome ; Vincristine

Abstract： Objective To develop and validate a reverse phase⁃high performance liquid chromatography（RP⁃HPLC） method for determination of residual N⁃hydroxy succinimide（NHS）content in semaglutide. Methods A RP⁃HPLC method was developed based on the screening of chromatographic column and optimization of mobile phase（phosphate concentration and the ratio of acetonitrile），validated for specificity，suitability，accuracy，reproducibility and stability， and determined for linear range，limit of quantitation（LOQ）and limit of detection（LOD）. The NHS contents in three batches of semaglutide were determined by the developed method. Results The optimal condition for RP⁃HPLC was as follows：CAPCELL PAK ADME column（4. 6 mm × 150 mm，3 μm）was adopted，serving 0. 05 mol／L potassium dihy⁃ drogen phosphate solution⁃acetonitrile（98∶2）as mobile phase A，and 70% acetonitrile as mobile phase B with gradient elution（0 min，0% B；10 min，0% B；19 min，90% B；19. 1 min，0% B；25 min，0% B）at a flow rate of 0. 8 mL／min. The detection wave length was set at 260 nm，while the column temperature was 30 ℃. The developed method showed good specificity and systemic suitability，of which the linear range was 0. 2 ~ 3. 0 μg／mL（R2 = 1. 000 0），while the LOD and LOQ were 4. 8 and 9. 6 ng respectively. The RSD of recovery rates of NHS samples at three concentrations was 0. 58%， indicating a high accuracy. The RSD of NHS contents in six test samples was 0. 16%，indicating a high reproducibility. The RSD of peak areas of NHS after storage at room temperature for 0，4，8，12，16，20 and 24 h was 0. 34%，indicating a high stability. No NHS was detected in three batches of semaglutide by the developed method. Conclusion The developed RP⁃HPLC method is simple and sensitive，which may be used for the determination of NHS content in semaglutide.

Gualou Niubangtang is a classic formula for eliminating swelling and dispersing lumps， commonly used in the clinical treatment of breast diseases in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. This paper employed bibliometric methods to collect and organize 12 pieces of data from ancient texts related to Gualou Niubangtang， ultimately screening 10 valid references from 10 ancient Chinese medical books. Information regarding the prescription origin， main indications， formulation principles， drug composition， dosages， preparation methods， and decoction techniques was systematically verified. The results indicate that Gualou Niubangtang originates from the Orthodox Manual of External Medicine （Wai Ke Zheng Zong） by Chen Shigong in the Ming Dynasty. The formula consists of 12 Chinese medicines， including Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Arctii Fructus， Gardeniae Fructus， Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Trichosanthis Semen， Scutellariae Radix， Trichosanthis Radix， Forsythiae Fructus， Gleditsiae Spina， Bupleuri Radix， and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viridm. In terms of drug origins， the dominant radical for Trichosanthis Semen and Trichosanthis Radix is Trichosanthes kirilowii， and the historical dominant radical for Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The nine medicines， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Arctii Fructus， Gardeniae Fructus， Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， Scutellariae Radix， Forsythiae Fructus， Gleditsiae Spina， Bupleuri Radix， and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viridm， are consistent with the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The preparation methods involve frying Arctii Fructus， removing the heart from Forsythiae Fructus， while the remaining 10 medicines are used raw. The efficacy includes clearing heat， removing toxins， reducing swelling， and dispersing lumps. Clinically， it is used to treat conditions such as breast carbuncles， breast gangrene， and knot-like swellings and pain. The dosage， converted to modern standards， includes 3.73 g of Trichosanthis Semen， 3.73 g of Trichosanthis Radix， 3.73 g of Arctii Fructus， 3.73 g of Scutellariae Radix， 3.73 g of Gardeniae Fructus， 3.73 g of Forsythiae Fructus， 3.73 g of Gleditsiae Spina， 3.73 g of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， 3.73 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， 3.73 g of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， 1.85 g of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viridm， and 1.85 g of Bupleuri Radix. The preparation is in the form of a decoction， with the 12 medicines added to 400 mL of water and decocted until 160 mL. The liquid is then mixed with 200 mL of yellow wine and taken before meals three times a day. Through the excavation and organization of ancient literature regarding Gualou Niubangtang， key information has been identified to provide a scientific basis for its clinical application and further development.