Objective:To investigate the effect of stimulation of the central thalamus (CT-DBS) on awakening from coma after traumatic brain injury and the mechanisms involved.Methods:Forty-five healthy, adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to either a blank control group, a sham stimulation or a stimulation group, each of 15. CT-DBS was applied in the stimulation group. Behavioral changes were observed, and the content of α1-adrenergic receptor (α1R) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured using immunofluorescence and western blotting.Results:The varus reflex was found in all 15 rats in the stimulation group, but in only 8 among the sham stimulation group. The average α1R content in the PFC was significantly higher in the stimulation group than in the sham stimulation group.Conclusions:CT-DBS can improve the level of consciousness after traumatic brain injury and promote awakening, at least in rats. The mechanisms may be related to the up-regulation of α1R expression in the PFC.

Central nervous system vascular disease can be combined with a variety of ocular signs, such as orbital pain, flash, visual field defects, vision loss, eye muscle paralysis. Therefore, some patients were first diagnosed in ophthalmology, including aneurysm rupture, arterial dissection, cerebral apoplexy and other critical nervous system diseases that need rapid treatment. If the doctors didn't know enough, the diagnosis and treatment might be delayed. Most of the vascular diseases of the central nervous system related to ophthalmology have clinical manifestations that cannot be explained by ophthalmology. In the face of chronic conjunctivitis, unexplained visual field defect or cranial nerve paralysis with local ineffective treatment, it is necessary to broaden the thinking of differential diagnosis. To understand the characteristics of vascular diseases of the central nervous system that are prone to ocular manifestations can provide references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmology.

Objective: To understand the prevalence and development of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) in students and teachers in Liangyungang over the last ten years, and provide reference for PTB surveillance and control at schools and colleges. Methods: The epidemic information of PTB among students and teachers in Lianyungang during 2008-2017 was collected from Chinese Infectious Disease Report Information Management System and Chinese Tuberculosis Information Management System, and analyzed with quantitative description method. Results: From 2008 to 2017, 1 112 students and teathers with PTB were found in Lianyungang City, the average reported incidence was 14.03/100 000, pathogenic positive incidence was 4.52/100 000. The above two rates both showed a trend of decline year by year (Z=4.55,6.83, P<0.01). The incidence of registered PTB in schools in the second quarter was the highest, especially in April. Guanyun County has the highest incidence. The average age was (20.11±7.54) years old, and the obvious high-incidence age group was 16-21; the sex ratio between men and women was 1.87∶1. Most of the 1 112 patients were Han, accounting for 99.64%, the rest were Hui, Tujia and Uygur. Teachers’ reported incidence was positively correlated with students’ reported morbidity (rs=0.93, P<0.01); there were differences between school population and general population in gender, patient origin, etiological results, treatment classification and positive patients’ treatment outcome (χ2=49.54, 528.27, 63.55, 121.40, 9.80, P<0.05). Conclusion Overall, the reported incidence of PTB in schools in Lianyungang City has been decreasing year by year, however,it should not be taken lightly. Prevention and control of PTB in schools should be further strengthened.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Benztropine on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death and optic nerve injury in rats model of non-arteritis anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION).Methods A total of 25 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Benztropine treatment group (n=13)and PBS control group (n=12).The right eye was set as the experimental eye.rNAION model was established by using rose Bengal combined with laser photodynamic method.The rats in the Benztropine treatment group were received intraperitoneal injection with Benztropine 10 mg/kg (0.2 ml) daily for 3 weeks,while the rats in the PBS control group were received intraperitoneal injection with an equal volume of PBS.At 1,3 and 7 days after modeling,the retinal and optic disc conditions of the rats were observed by direct ophthalmoscopy.Retrograde labeling,fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the survival of RGCs and the damage of the optic nerve myelin and axon at 4 weeks after modeling.The RGCs density and survival rate of the two groups were compared by One-Way Anova.Results At 1 and 3 days after modeling,the optic disc edema was observed in the rats of rNAION model group.At 7 days after modeling,the optic disc edema decreased and the boundary was blurred compared with 3 days after modeling.After 4 weeks,the RGCs density in the PBS group was 308± 194/mm2 and the survival rate was 13.7％.The density of RGCs in the Benztropine group was 1173+868/mm2 and the survival rate was 47.6％.The differences of RGCs density and survival rate were significant between the two groups (F=7.552,8.184;P=0.015,0.012).Myelin disintegration,axon degeneration,onion-like body and gliosis were observed in the optic nerve sections of rNIAON in the PBS group,while the damage ofaxon and myelin structure in the Benztropine group was significantly less than that in the PBS group.Conclusions Benztropine group showed higher RGC survival rate,less damage ofaxon and myelin structure on rNAION model.This study explored the potential neuroprotective effect of Benztropine.