Marx had assumed that it was possible for the Russian countryside commune to stride over the capitalist “Kafuting Gorge” and thus straightly realize communism. Using the Marxist theory, this paper dialectically expounds the necessary conditions under which man realizes its bestriding development: the internal superiorities, the external conditions, and the power and content of the bestriding.

Filial piety and fraternal love ethics is the nucleus of tradition ethics and the base of a person's moral.Reinforcing filial piety and fraternal love education is beneficial to raising the medical students'morality and qualities,consummating their personality,raising their brotherhood life,easing up doctor-patient relationship and promoting the development of medical health.

Objective　To study the effects of MIP-1β and TGF-β antibody on CD34+ cells from cord blood in stroma-contact culture system. Methods　Immunomagnetic selected CD34+ cells were inoculated onto the pre-established irradiated human stroma layer. MIP-1β, TGF-β antibody (20 μg/ml) and MIP-1β+anti-TGF-β (5 μg/ml) were added on day 0 and day 5. On day 5 and day 10, cell counting, hematopoietic progenitor cells count were made by semi-solid culture and CD34+ cells were assayed by FACS. Results　On day 5, no significant difference of total cell number was observed as compared with the control group (P>0.05), but the number of CD34+cells, CFC, and HPP-CFC in TGF-β antibody and MIP-1β+ TGF-β antibody groups was significantly higher than that in the control (P<0.05). On day 10, the number of total cell, CD34+ cells, CFC, and HPP-CFC in TGF-β antibody and MIP-1β+ TGF-β antibody groups was significantly higher than that in the control (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between groups MIP-1β and control either on day 5 or day 10 (P>0.05). Conclusion　MIP-1β has no significant effect on the CD34+ cells as compared with the control while the CD34+ cells can be expanded 1-3 folds with TGF-β antibody (20 μg/ml) or MIP-1β+ TGF-β antibody (5 μg/ml) in 10 days. There are synergic interactions between MIP-1β and TGF-β antibody.

Purpose　The aim is to investigate the effects of BSP on immunological function in normal and immunosuppressed mices.Methods　Thymus and spleen indexes, peripheral blood WBC number,the lymphocyte proliferation response, IL-2 production and serum and splenocyte hemolysin contents were measured after intraperitoneal injection of BSP in normal and immunosuppressed mices.Results　(1)BSP 100 mg/（kg*d）×10d significantly increased the thymus and spleen indexes and peripheral blood WBC number in immunosuppressed mice.The thymus and spleen indexes in normal mice was also increased. In addition,BSP markedly improved T,B lymphocyte proliferation responses and IL-2 production in normal and immunosupressed mices.(2) BSP improved the serum and splenocyte hemolysin contents in normal and immunosuppressed mice. Conclusion　It was suggested that BSP was a kind of immunomodulator, and could improve the immunological function of normal and immunosuppressed mices.

Objective: To investigate the effects of BSP on lymphocyte function and cytokines production in normal and immunosuppressed mice.Methods: The lymphocyte proliferation response, T lymphocyte subpopulations and IL 2 production were measured after intraperitoneal injection of BSP in normal and immunosuppressed mice, and the activity of IL 1 and TNF secreted by mouse peritoneal macrophages were detected after BSP supplementation in vitro.Results: (1)BSP〔(100 mg/(kg?d)?10 d)〕markedly improved T,B lymphocyte proliferation responses and IL 2 production in normal and immunosuppressed mice, and significantly increased the number of L 3T + 4 cells in thymus and spleen of immunosuppressed mice, and the ratio of L 3T + 4/Lyt 2 + cells was also increased.(2)BSP distinctly enhanced the activity of IL 1 and TNF production by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro.Conclusion: BSP can improve the immunological function of normal and immunosuppressed mice.

Objective To observe the counteraction of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide(GLP) on the inhibition of mice splenocyte proliferation and IL-1? and IL-2 mRNA expression induced by prostaglandin E2(PGE2).Methods Mixed lymphocyte culture reaction(MLR) method was used for the experiment.The lymphocyte proliferation was determined by MTT method,and the levels of IL-1? and IL-2 mRNA expression were evaluated by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results After co-culture with PGE2 for 48 hours,the splenocyte proliferation was inhibited to some extent,and the difference was significant when the concentration of PGE2 was over 10?mol/L(P

Objective To investigate the arsenic methylation level of people chronically exposed to different levels of arsenic in drinking water.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 874 cases that had drank different concentration arsenic-contaminated water from arsenic endemic area in Bayannaoer City.They were divided into four groups according to arsenic exposure level:control (≤ 10 μg/L),low (＞ 10-50 μg/L),medium (＞ 50-200 μg/L) and high groups (＞ 200 μg/L),146,155,224,349 cases,respectively.The content of arsenic in drinking water and the arsenic species in urine were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMSS) and the results were expressed as median.Results The inorganic arsenic (iAs),monomethylarsonic acid (MMA),dimethylarsinic acid (DMA),and total-arsenic (tAs) in urine of low,medium and high groups increased following increasing of arsenic exposure level (x2 =605.08,609.96,615.83,628.64,all P ＜ 0.017) and iAs％,MMA％ and MMA/DMA significantly increased following increasing of arsenic exposure level (x2 =112.30,56.60,86.47,all P ＜ 0.017).DMA％,PMI and SMI significantly decreased following increasing of arsenic exposure level (x2 =125.80,112.30,86.47,all P ＜ 0.017).In the four groups,iAs％ of female were 11.39％,12.28％,13.47％ and 17.58％,they were significantly lower than those of male's (15.52％,16.19％,17.45％,21.86％,Z =-4.22,-3.79,-4.60,-6.71,all P ＜ 0.05);and DMA％ were 76.95％,74.05％,72.76％,and 68.64％ in the four groups respectively,and the PMI of female were 0.89,0.88,0.87,and 0.82,both DMA％ and PMI were significantly higher than those of male in each group (71.17％,69.39％,67.36％,61.29％,0.84,0.84,0.83,0.78,Z =-4.00,-3.34,-5.50,-7.24,-4.22,-3.79,-4.60,-6.71,all P ＜ 0.05).In control group,arsenic metabolites levels of people were not significantly different in the three age groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared to the ≤30 age group,the MMA,DMA and tAs of 31-45 age group increased and DMA,DMA％,PMI of ≥46 age group increased while iAs％ decreased in high group (μg/L:72.71 vs 109.13,307.90 vs 419.50,505.59 vs 684.60,307.90 vs 418.26;64.31％ vs 68.45％,0.79 vs 0.83,20.71％ vs 17.35％,x2 =10.72,10.24,8.20,10.24,9.89,20.96,20.96,all P ＜ 0.017).Compared to the 31-45 age group,DMA％ and PMI of ≥46 age group increased while iAs％ decreased (64.91％ vs 68.45％,0.80 vs 0.83,20.14％ vs 17.35％,x2 =9.89,20.96,20.96,all P ＜ 0.017).Conclusion There is a significant dose response relationship between arsenic metabolites and arsenic exposure level,and arsenic methylation is related to gender and age.

Aim To isolate, purify, and chemically characterize a polysaccharide showing inhibition of the six-?-helix bundle formation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41 from cultured broth of a streptomyces sp.strain. Methods Ethanol was used to precipitate polysaccharides and macromolecules from the broth.Proteins in the precipitate were removed by sevage method.Purification was carried out by DEAE-Cellulose and sephadex G-25 column chromatography. The chemical structure of the polysaccharide was determined with the combined application of HPLC,UV,IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the methods of periodate oxidation and Smith degradation,etc. Activity of anti-HIV-1 ~gp41 six-?-helix bundle formation was assayed withsandwich ELISA method.Results The purified polysaccharide,designated as SMP for Streptomyces polysaccharide,is neutral with a molecular weight of approximately 4855 Daltons. Sugar analysis showed SMP contains glucose and fructose residues in an approximate molar ratio of 22∶1 (10.96 to 0.48). The glycosidic linkages were estimated to be (1→4)-?-D-pyranoside as its main chain, and 1→6 linkage was attached to the main chain. Activity analysis revealed SMP markedly inhibited the six-?-helix bundle formation of HIV-1 glycoprotein gp41 and the IC_~50 was (145.48?7.25) mg?L~-1 .Conclusion Streptomyces polysaccharide SMP showing inhibition of the six-?-helix bundle formation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41 was isolated and purified.

AIM: To evaluate whether tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) loaded with heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) inhibit the progression of aortic atherosclerotic plaque in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E (Apo-E) -null mice. METHODS: Bone marrow derived DC of the mice were loaded with HSP60 and co-cultured with rapamycin to generate tolerogenic DC. The tolerogenic DC, DC loaded only HSP60 and PBS were injected into the ApoE-null mice at 8 weeks of age for three times at a one-week interval. 8 weeks after the last injection, aorta were harvested for HE staining and anti-CD4~+T cell immunostaining. Responses of pleenic cells to HSP60 were also evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with DC, DC_ HSP60 expressed higher levels of CD86, and stimulated T lymphocytes to proliferation significantly, while the tolerogenic DC expressed lower levels of CD86, and inhibited T lymphocytes to proliferation. After immunization with different injection, the numbers of CD4~+ T cells in plaque were increased significantly in DC_ HSP60 group vs in PBS group (P