[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the protective effect of 1, 3-dicyclopentyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4, 5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (ZL-5015) on lethal endotoxin-challenged mice and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS:Mouse model of lethal endotoxin challenge and endotoxemia were established by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 70 mg/kg to the C57BL/6J mice.Mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS (10 mg/L) were used as an in vitro inflammatory model.The levels of interleukin-1β( IL-1β) , interleukin-10 ( IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of the cytokines.RESULTS:Prophylactic treatment of the mice with ZL-5015 (100 and 200 mg/kg, ig) slightly increased the survival rate, extended the survival time, decreased the serum levels of IL-1βand TNF-α, and increased the serum level of IL-10 in the early stage of endotoxemia as compared with model group.The results of in vitro study demonstrated that treatment of the endotoxin-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages with ZL-5015 (10, 20 and 40μmol/L) inhibited the expression of IL-1βand TNF-αat both mRNA and protein levels but promoted the expression of IL-10 at both mRNA and protein levels.CONCLUSION: The tetrahydropyrimidine derivative ZL-5015 shows a moderate anti-endotoxin effect by increasing the survival rate and extending the survival time of the mice challenged by endotoxin, which may result from inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1βand TNF-α, and promotion of the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.

Objective To study the effects of Leptin on the expression of CD86 and HLA-DR in human monocytes.Methods The expression of CD86 and HLA-DR in THP-1 Cells and human primary monocytes were detected by flow cytometry.Results Expression of CD86 and HLA-DR in THP-1 cells was significantly increased after treatment with high-dose Leptin ( CD86Untreated group:8.78 ± 1.66,CD86leptin10:50.76 ± 4.29,CD86leptin100:95.20 ± 4.90; HLAUntreated group:20.75 ± 2.12,HLAleptin10:102.14 ± 5.75,HLAleptin100:104.32 ± 4.75;).The similar results were observed in human primary monocytes ( CD86Untreated group:17.91 ± 1.78,CD86leptin100:48.80 ± 3.60; HLAUntreated group:34.10 ± 2.76,HLAleptin100:88.86 ± 3.53).Conclusions By up-regulating CD86 and HLA-DR expression,Leptin might enhance the ability to present antigen in THP - 1 cells and human monocytes.

【Objective】To observe the anti-stress effect of koumine(Kou)on mice.【Methods】Kunming mice were randomized into model group,low-,moderate-and high-dose koumine(1.2,2.4,and 4.8 mg?kg-1?d-1)groups.The treatment lasted 7 days.One hour after last administration,stress tests such as weight-bearing swimming,antihypoxia,high-temperature resistance and low-temperature resistance were carried out.The changes of serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were also observed.【Results】During the anti-stress tests,the survival time was prolonged in koumine groups as compared with the model group(P0.05).【Conclusion】Koumine can increase the mice tolerance of weight-bearing swimming,cold and hypoxia,and its anti-stress mechanism may be related to the antilipid peroxidation.

Objective To observe the counteraction of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide(GLP) on the inhibition of mice splenocyte proliferation and IL-1? and IL-2 mRNA expression induced by prostaglandin E2(PGE2).Methods Mixed lymphocyte culture reaction(MLR) method was used for the experiment.The lymphocyte proliferation was determined by MTT method,and the levels of IL-1? and IL-2 mRNA expression were evaluated by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results After co-culture with PGE2 for 48 hours,the splenocyte proliferation was inhibited to some extent,and the difference was significant when the concentration of PGE2 was over 10?mol/L(P

AIM　To extend the approach of the act ion of ganoderma polysacchride on intracellular signal events in T cells. METHODS　Laser scanning confocal microscope imaging of the calcium and p H fluorescent indicator dye Fluo-3/AM and SNARF-1/AM were used to determine th e kinetic changes of ［Ca2+］i and ［pH］i in murine T cells induced b y a ganoderma polysacchride,designated GLB7. RESULTS　It was fou nd that GLB7(20 mg*L-1) could increase ［Ca2+］i and ［pH］i at 1 min were 334.7%±16.4%(n=3)、171.6%±10.4%(n=3) respectively. T he increase in ［Ca2+］i induced by GLB7 was due to the influx of extr acellular Ca2+ and intracellular Ca2+ release through both IP3-se nsitive and IP3-insensitive Ca2+ stores, and increase in ［pH］i indu ced by GLB7 was relative to Na+/H+ exchange systems and ［Ca2+］i. GLB 7 did not influence ［Ca2+］i and ［pH］i in murine T cells induced by Con A(3 mg*L-1). CONCLUSION　Stimulation of the increase in ［Ca2+］i and ［pH］i may be an important channel for gano derma polysacchrides to achieve their pharmacological actions.

AIM：To investigated the effects of Ganoderma polysaccthride(GLB7)on protein kinase A(PKA) and protein kinase C(PKC) activitives in murine T cells.METHODS：A new ion-pair reversed-phase high liquid chromatography method was used to determinate the activities of PKA and PKC in T cells.RESULTS：GLB7 could markedly increase the activities of PKA and PKC in murine T cells in a dose-dependent manner.The peak time was at 5 min and 20 min and the activities of PKA and PKC returned to basic level at 20 min and 1.5h respectively.GLB7 could induce translocation of PKC and antagonize the inhibition effect of staurosporine(10μ mol· L-1) on PKC in T cells.CONCLUSION：The immunopotentiating and antitumour effects of Ganoderma polysacchride may be associated with its activation on PKA and PKC in murine T cells.

Aim To isolate, purify, and chemically characterize a polysaccharide showing inhibition of the six-?-helix bundle formation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41 from cultured broth of a streptomyces sp.strain. Methods Ethanol was used to precipitate polysaccharides and macromolecules from the broth.Proteins in the precipitate were removed by sevage method.Purification was carried out by DEAE-Cellulose and sephadex G-25 column chromatography. The chemical structure of the polysaccharide was determined with the combined application of HPLC,UV,IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the methods of periodate oxidation and Smith degradation,etc. Activity of anti-HIV-1 ~gp41 six-?-helix bundle formation was assayed withsandwich ELISA method.Results The purified polysaccharide,designated as SMP for Streptomyces polysaccharide,is neutral with a molecular weight of approximately 4855 Daltons. Sugar analysis showed SMP contains glucose and fructose residues in an approximate molar ratio of 22∶1 (10.96 to 0.48). The glycosidic linkages were estimated to be (1→4)-?-D-pyranoside as its main chain, and 1→6 linkage was attached to the main chain. Activity analysis revealed SMP markedly inhibited the six-?-helix bundle formation of HIV-1 glycoprotein gp41 and the IC_~50 was (145.48?7.25) mg?L~-1 .Conclusion Streptomyces polysaccharide SMP showing inhibition of the six-?-helix bundle formation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41 was isolated and purified.

OBJECTIVETo study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of diethyl 1,3-dicyclohexyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4,5-dicarboxylate (ZL-5010) in vivo and in vitro.

METHODSThe analgesic effect of ZL-5010 was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice, and the anti-inflammatory effects was assessed in mice with xylene-induced ear edema and in rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema. Mouse peritoneal exudate cells activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of ZL-5010 in vitro. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL -1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the cell culture supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSAt the doses of 0.25 and 0.5 mmol/kg, ZL-5010 administered by gavage once daily for 3 days significantly reduced acetic acid-induced writhing frequency and suppressed xylene-induced ear edema in mice, and alleviated paw edema induced by carrageenan in rats (P<0.05). The agent also inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α by LPS-induced mouse peritoneal exudate cells in vitro, with the statistically significant minimum effective concentrations of 10 and 20 µmol/L, respectively (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONZL-5010 administered by gavage has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in mice and rats, and in mouse peritoneal exudate cell cultures, the agent also inhibits the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α.

Amino Acids, Diamino ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Analgesics ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cyclohexanes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

The myocardial infarction is an important clinical feature of ischemic heart disease,and its various stages of histopathological changes are closely related to the prognosis of patients.In recent years,with the continuous development and improvement of MRI software and hardware techniques,the cardiac MR (CMR) can assess the pathological changes of the myocardial infarction by its multi-parameter and multi-sequence imaging techniques qualitatively and quantitatively.And the CMR can provide the clinical reference information for the patients in short-term diagnosis and long-term prognostic risk assessment accurately and comprehensively.The progresses of CMR in assessing the pathology of myocardial infarction were reviewed in this article.