Objective: To evaluate the changes of T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of children with hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD). Methods: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, and Springerlink were searched for articles published from January 2014 to October 2017 with "HFMD, lymphocyte subsets, T-lymphocyte subsets" . Two reviewers selected the studies and extracted the data independently. We performed data analysis using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software. Results: Twenty-three studies were included in this meta-analysis. Mild vs. severe: The mean difference (MD) and 95% CI of CD3⁺ CD4⁺ T cells, CD3⁺ CD8 ⁺ T cells, CD3⁺ T cells and CD4/CD8 were 7.27 (5.91, 8.63), 3.40 (0.68, 6.12), 11.56 (8.59, 14.53), 0.24 (0.14, 0.34), higher than the severe group. Mild vs. control: The MD and 95% CI of CD3⁺ CD4⁺ T cells, CD3⁺ CD8⁺ T cells, CD3⁺ T cells and CD4/CD8 were -5.62 (-7.16, -4.07), -1.79 (-2.79, -0.79) -6.85 (-9.63, -4.07), -0.27 (-0.48, -0.05) respectively, lower than those in healthy controls. Severe vs. Ccontrol: The MD and 95% CI of CD3⁺ CD4⁺ T cells, CD3⁺ CD8⁺ T cells, CD3⁺ T cells and CD4/CD8 were -12.03 (-14.99, -9.07), -5.45 (-7.47, -3.43) -18.52 (-24.92, -12.12), -0.46 (-0.71, -0.20) respectively, lower than those in healthy controls. Conclusions T-lymphocyte subsets in children with HFMD were related to their condition of disease and declined as the disease worsened.

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome types and influencing factors of protein-energy wasting （PEW） in chronic kidney disease （CKD） undergoing maintenance hemodialysis （MHD）. MethodsAccording to diagnostic criteria， 164 patients with MHD were divided into PEW group and non-PEW group. The clinical data of all patients were collected， including general information such as gender， age， height and weight， disease characteristics such as course， cormobidity， and haemodialysis duration， laboratory indicators such as blood routine， liver function， renal function， electrolyte， blood lipid， grip strength， and the four examinations. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the influencing factors of PEW by taking the clinical indicators with significant differences between the two groups （P＜0.05） as the independent variables， diagnosis of PEW as the dependent variable， and normal values as the reference. ResultsOut of 164 patients with MHD， there were 96 （58.5%） cases in PEW group and 68 cases （41.5%） in non-PEW group. Compared to the non-PEW group，PEW group had increased age， ratios of bedrest， deep vein preservation， edema， and low grip strength， percentages of comorbidities type 2 diabetes， cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，infections and anemia， and levels of alanine aminotransferase and permine amin aminotransferase， as well as decreased body mass index， self-care ratio，internal arteriovenous fistula， red blood cell count， hemoglobin， serum total protein， serum albumin levels （P＜0.05）. The PEW group had significantly higher frequency of poor appetite and digestion， abdominal distension， fear of cold and preference of warmth， weak breathing and fatigue， poor appetite， oliguria， nausea and vomiting than non-PEW group （P＜0.05）. The incidence of both yin and yang deficiency syndrome and damp-turbidity syndrome were significantly higher in the PEW group than the non-PEW group， while that of liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome and stirring of wind syndrome were lower （P＜0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that low BMI （＜22 kg/m²）， inability to take care of oneself， low grip strength，low serum albumin （＜38 g/L）， infection， older age， fear of cold and cold limbs，and poor appetite were the risk factors of PEW in patients undergoing MHD （P＜0.05）. ConclusionThe root syndrome of MHD-PEW patients is both yin and yang deficiency， concurrent with damp-turbidity syndrome. Low BMI， low serum albumin， infection and older age may be the influencing factors of PEW in patients undergoing MHD.