OBJECTIVE: To optimize the formula of retinoid self-emulsifying preparation. METHODS: The formula of retinoid self-emulsifying drug delivery system was optimized with the solubility of retinoid in different kinds/proportions of oil phases and surfactants as index through solubility test and drawing of ternary phase diagrams. RESULTS: The optimized formula ratio of retinoid self-emulsifying preparation was 0.01∶0.938∶0.402∶0.15 (retinoid / IPM/ Tween-85/ isopropanol, g∶g∶g∶mL). CONCLUSION: The retinoid self-emulsifying preparation prepared in accordance with the above-mentioned ratio is up to the related standard.

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy of one stage or staging treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy through combined posterior and anterior approaches.

METHODSFrom June 2001 to October 2008, 45 patients with pinching cervical spondylotic myelopathy and developmental stenosis of cervical spinal canal were decompressed through combined posterior and anterior approaches in one stage or staging operation. Among the patients, 35 patients were male and 10 patients were female, ranging in age from 45 to 72 years, with an average of 53 years. Five patients were decompressed through combined posterior and anterior approaches in one-stage operation, and other 40 patients were treated in staging operation. All the patients were treated with open-door posterior cervical expansive laminoplasty and anterior decompression, bone graft and titanium plate internal fixation. JOA scores were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects at the 3rd month and one year after operation.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, 44 patients were followed up from 13 to 62 months, with an average of 30 months. One patient was dead of lung infection at the 21th day after operation. The nerve root palsy of C5 was found in 3 cases. One patient had postoperative hoarseness. Axial symptoms were found in 14 cases. Two patients had donor site complications. There were no screws broken or back out, no screw loosening, no moving or sinking of bone block or Ti-net, no door re-closer and cervical deformity. Forty-four patients got spinal fusion. According to JOA score criteria: the average preoperative JOA score was (9.36 +/- 2.24) points, JOA score was (12.34 +/- 2.64) points in 3 months after operation, (12.77 +/- 2.61) points in one year after operation. Among 44 cases, 16 got an excellent result, 19 good, 6 fair, 3 invalid. There were statistically differences between preoperative score and 3 months or one year after operation.

CONCLUSIONDecompression through combined posterior and anterior approaches for the treatment of pinching cervical spondyoltic myelopathy and developmental stenosis of cervical spinal canal has good efficacy, as well as a safety operation method. The operation method with one or staging decompression through combined anterior and posterior approach should be chosen according to the conditions of the patients and the operations. Anterior decompression, bone graft and titanium plate internal fixation could restore the height of vertebral body effectively and prevent fusion complication.

Aged ; Bone Transplantation ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Spinal Fusion ; Spinal Osteophytosis ; surgery

Objective:To provide strategical reference for large-scale colorectal cancer screening with full regional coverage by analyzing the results of the first colorectal cancer screening in the target population in Linhai city,Zhejiang Province. Methods:The target population of 50-74 years old in Linhai were invited to take part in the colorectal cancer screening program from 2020 to 2021.The risk of colorectal cancer of the participants were preliminarily evaluated by questionnaire and qualitative fecal occult blood test(FOBT),and participants with positive screening results were suggested to take colonoscopy test for further evaluation.The screening results were collected and analyzed. Results:A total of 71 942 people were screened from 2020 to 2021,and 15 1 70 of them were found positive in preliminary screening.The positive rate in males was significantly higher than that in females(x 2=724.005,P＜0.001),and the positive rate was highest in the population of 60-69 years old during preliminary screening.The compliance rate of colonoscopy was 24.1 9％with no significant difference between males and females(x 2=0.256,P=0.61 3),showing a decreasing trend as the age increases.From 2020 to 2021,the detection rate of lesions by colonoscopy was 52.92％,with 47 case of colorectal cancer(CRC),333 case of advanced colorectal adenoma,561 case of non-advanced colorectal adenoma and 1 001 case of benign lesions.The detection rate of lesions in males was much higher than that in females(x 2=82.451,P＜0.001).The detection rates of lesions,advanced colorectal adenoma,and non-advanced adenoma showed increasing trends with the age.The compliance rate of colonoscopy,the detection rate of lesions,and the detection rate of CRC,advanced colorectal adenoma,and non-advanced adenoma were 32.94％,69.53％,2.87％,1 6.85％and 1 9.71％,respectively,in participants who were both assessed as high-risk according to questionnaire evaluation and FOBT positive,the highest among all participants.The compliance rate of colonoscopy in 2021 was obviously higher than that in 2020(32.11％vs 1 9.09％,P＜0.001),but no significant difference was found in the detection rate of lesions between 2021 and 2020(P＞0.05). Conclusion:From 2020 to 2021,the compliance rate of colonoscopy was low and the detection rate of colorectal lesions was high during the screening of colorectal cancer in the target population in Linhai,Zhejiang Province.It is necessary to enhance the public awareness of the importance of colorectal cancer screening,standardize the enrollment criteria,and improve the compliance of colonoscopy,in orderto give full play to primary screening in the general public.

This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Chaiyin Granules compared with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules in the treatment of influenza(exogenous wind-heat syndrome). Based on a randomized, double-blind, positive drug parallel control clinical trial, this study evaluated the pharmacoeconomics of Chaiyin Granules with cost-effectiveness analysis method. A total of 116 patients with influenza from eight hospitals(grade Ⅱ level A above) in 6 cities were selected in this study, including 78 cases in the experimental group with Chaiyin Granules and Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules placebo, and 38 cases in the control group with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules and Chaiyin Granules placebo. The total cost of this study included direct medical cost, direct non-medical cost, and indirect cost. The remission time of clinical symptoms, cure time/cure rate, antipyretic onset time/complete antipyretic time, viral nucleic acid negative rate, and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome curative effect were selected as the effect indicators for cost-effectiveness analysis. Four-quadrant diagram was used to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. The results showed that Chaiyin Granules were not inferior to Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules in the remission time of clinical symptoms of influenza(3.1 d vs 2.9 d, P=0.360, non-inferiority margin was 0.5 d). Compared with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules, Chaiyin Granules would delay the remission time of clinic symptoms of influenza for 1 d, but could save 213.9 yuan. 1 d delay in cure time could save 149.3 yuan; 1% reduction in the cure rate could save 8.2 yuan; 1 d delay in antipyretic onset time could save 295.4 yuan; 1 d delay in complete antipyretic time could save 114.3 yuan; 1% reduction in the 5-day cure rate of TCM syndrome could save 19.2 yuan. Different from other indicators, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in the effect of negative conversion rate of viral nucleic acid, but the cost was lower and the effect was superior, and the pharmacoeconomics was not different from that of Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules in the field of influenza treatment.
Humans ; Antipyretics/therapeutic use* ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy* ; Nucleic Acids/therapeutic use* ; Oseltamivir/therapeutic use* ; Phosphates/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome ; Double-Blind Method