Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of three kinds of immunosuppressant on systemic lupus erythematosus encephalopathy. Methods 44 cases with systemic lupus erythematosus encephalopathy were randomly assigned to receive high dose of Methyllprednisolone, Cytoxan (CTX) or Ifosfamide (IFO). The levels of ESR and serum C_3 were detected at different time after treatments. The effect and safety of these treatments were evaluated. Results (1) After treatment, the levels of ESR decreased significantly ((P)0.05). More decrease of ESR was found in CTX group and IFO group than in Methyllprednisolone group (all (P

BACKGROUND: There is much clinical datum analysis on multi-organ dysfunction syndromes induced by cerebral hemorrhage, but there is lack of experiment on dysfunction of peripheral organs induced by acute cerebral vascular disease.OBJECTIVE: Collagenase of two dosages together with proper amount of heparin were used to duplicate animal model of multi-organ dysfunction syndromes induced by cerebral hemorrhage so as to probe into the best experimental prerequisite.DESIGN: Complete randomized control experiment.SETTING: Departments of Dermatology, Neurology and Cardiac Surgery of Qilu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Department of Neurology of Jinan Railway Center Hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Basic Medicine of Shandong Medical Scientific Academy from September to December 2002. Totally 96 adult healthy male Wistar rats were employed and randomized into normal control (6 rats), sham-operation group (6 rats), first hemorrhage group (42 rats) and second hemorrhage group (42 rats). Seven sub-groups of 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours successively were divided in first and second hemorrhage groups respectively, 6 rats in each sub-group.INTERVENTIONS: In the first hemorrhage group, mixed solution 2 μL of Ⅶ collagenase 0.4 U and heparin sodium 3.2 IU was infused slowly to the brain. In the second hemorrhage group, mixed solution 2 μL of Ⅶ collagenase 0.8 U and heparin sodium 3.2 IU was infused slowly to the brain. In sham-operation group, physiological saline of same volume was injected. The general situation of animals at every phasic point was observed after operation, including consciousness, mental state and limb movement, as well as the alternations on body temperature, respiration and heart rate. Examinations were done on blood routine, liver function (alanine aminopherase, ALT;aspartic acid translocase, AST), kidney function (urea nitrogen, BUN; creatinine CRE) and myocardial zymology (creatine kinase, CK; lactic dehydrogenase, LDH). Modified matrix coloration method was used to determine endotoxin content in plasma. Pathological alternations were observed optic microscopically on brain, lung, liver, small intestine and kidney.ternations on main organs of experimental animals.experimental animals after operation: In the first and second hemorrhage groups, body temperature, respiration, heart rate and leukocyte content were all higher remarkably than normal group and sham-operation group (P ＜ 0.05).Those in the first hemorrhage group were higher than second group [(39.56±0.59)C, (37.98±0.52)C;(124.23±4.12) times/minute, (92.56±2.95)times/minute; (325.96±84.53) times/minute, (258.16±75.42) times/minute,(P ＜ 0.05)], and the difference in peripheral leukocyte content was specially nation of ALT activity, AST activity, BUN content, CRE content, CK activity,LDH activity and endotoxin content in plasma: Those in the first and second hemorrhage groups were higher than normal group and sham-operation group (P ＜ 0.05 -0.01). Those in the first hemorrhage group were higher than second hemorrhage group [(35.04±7.54) μkat /L, (24.25±5.42) μkat/L;(51.61±10.47) μkat/L, (33.77±7.44) μkat/L; (21.12±2.93) mmol/L,(9.78±1.45) nmol/L; (68.57±5.24) μnol/L, (40.54±3.95) μmol/L; (706.44±44.92) μkat/L, (189.23±25.08) μkat/L; (357.96±40.95) μkat/L, (149.60±19.10)(P ＜ 0.05)] and the difference was especially remarkable in endotoxin content logical alternations on main organs of experimental animals: Inflammatory damage of various degrees presented in all of animal organ tissues at various phasic points during cerebral hemorrhage in rats. In the first hemorrhage group, pathological change of organs reached the peak in 24-36 hours, which recovered to be normal in 72 hours. In the second hemorrhage group, the inflammatory damage was more remarkable and persistent compared with first group, in which, pathological change of organs reached the peak in 24-48hours and inflammatory damage was still visible in 72 hours.CONCLUSION: It is indicated that 0.8 U collagenase model is a successful model of multi-organ dysfunction syndromes induced by cerebral hemorrhage. Such model is in conformity with the common induced factors in clinic and various index changes of functions in every organ and can reflect dynamically the occurrence of multi-organ dysfunction syndromes.

BACKGROUND: Leukoaraiosis is a group of changes in image. Since the firm pathogenic mechanism on leukoaraiosis has been unknown, the evaluation at the earlier stage of the disease has not been emphasized commonly and there is rather less recognition of the alternations on its electrophysiological system.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical characteristics and alternations on image and evoked potential in simple leukoaraiosis and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy(Binswanger' s disease) and carry on the comparison with healthy people.DESIGN: Retrospective comparative study based on patients and healthy people.SETTING: Department of neurological internal medicine of one university hospital and department of neurological internal medicine of one railway central hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Outpatients or inpatients with cerebral vascular disorders in Qilu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University were collected from August 1995 to March 2000. Totally 114 cases were leukoaraiosis, of which, 79 cases were males and 35 cases females. And 41 cases were Binswanger' s disease,of which, 28 cases were males and 13 cases females. Fifty healthy aged people who received routine physical check were randomized from the clinic of the hospital as the control.METHODS: The analysis was carried on the risk factors, clinical characteristics and CT exam in 114 cases of leukoaraiosis and 41 cases of Binswanger' s disease, of which, 74 leukoaraiosis cases and 35 Binswanger' s disease cases had received cranial MRI exam. Of those, 43 cases of simple leukoaraiosis associated with hypertension, 30 cases of Binswanger' s disease and 50 cases in the normal control were selected to carry on the examinations of body-sensory evoked potential, brain stem auditory evoked potential and visual evoked potential.coronary heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipemia, smoke, cerebral apoplexy,evoked potential and visual evoked potential.RESULTS: According to practical management analysis, 114 cases of leukoaraiosis, 41 cases of Binswanger' s disease and 50 cases in the control were diversification, mainly characterized as slightly declining of memory and loss of gait stability. Hypertension is predominated anong risk factors in Binswanger' s disease group (95.1% ), mainly characterized as physical signs of local neural focus, obvious cognitive disturbance and cerebral in CT exam that 70.2% (80/114) of cases presented brain whiter-matter abnormity in type Ⅰ. It was indicated in MRI exam that 72% (53/74) of cases presented brain whiter-matter abnormity, type Ⅰ, 27% (20/74) presented type Ⅱ and 1% (1/74) presented type Ⅲ. For Binswanger's disease patients, it was indicated in MRI exam that 54% (19/35) of cases presented brain white-matter abnormity, type Ⅲ, and 46% (16/35) presented type Ⅳ.Symmetrical extension of bilateral ventricles presented in Binswanger' s disbody-sensory evoked potential was 84% (36/43), of which, the mild abnormity occupied 60% (26/43) and moderate abnormity 23% (10/43); The abnormity rate of brain stem auditory evoked potential was 63% (27/43) and that of visual evoked potential was 54% (23/43). In Binswanger' s disease group, the abnormity rate of body-sensory evoked potential was 97% (29/30),of which, mild abnormity was 7% (2/30), moderate abnormity was 47%(14/30) and severe abnormity was 43% (13/30); The abnormity rate of brain stem auditory evoked potential was 87% (26/30) and that of auditory evoked potential was 83% (25/30).CONCLUSION: The risk factors of simple leukoaraiosis are diversified,without obvious physical signs of local neural focus. The diagnosis of it is mainly depended on abnormity Ⅰ of brain white matter described in images,manifested as remarkable dysfunction of cerebral eletrophysiology. Binswanger' s disease patients are mainly characterized as hypertension, relevantly obvious cognitive disturbance and common seizure of cerebral apoplexy. Abnormity Ⅲ of brain white matter indicated in CT exam, abnormity Ⅲ or Ⅳ of that in MRI exam are the image evidence for diagnosis. Remarkable abnormity also presents in cerabral electrophysiology, in which, abnormal body-sensory evoked potential is especially significant.

Objective To observe the effect of enteral nutrition therapy on metabolic status and adiponectin levels in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods 92 elderly hospitalized patients with mild to moderate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease underwent enteral nutrition (EN,n=46) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN,n=46) for 2 months.Body mass index,triceps skin-fold thickness,waist hip ratio,serum high-molecular weight (HMW) form of adiponectin,fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2-hour blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,plasma insulin,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,γ-glutamyltransferase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,the blood pressure and liver ultrasound test were detected.The insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to assess insulin resistance.Results In pre-versus post-treatment,serum level of HMW adiponectin [(6.8 ± 4.0) μg/L vs.(7.1 ± 3.9) μg/L,P ＞ 0.05 in enteral nutrition],and [(6.8 ± 3.5) μg/L vs.(5.0 ± 1.1)μg/L(P＜0.05)] in parenteral nutrition were found.The significantly decreased body mass index in the obese patients (P＜0.05),significantly improved values of 2-hour blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,liver function,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all P＜0.05),and no obvious change in HOMA-IR were found after two months of enteral nutrition treatment.There were no significant changes in indicators mentioned above in TPN group after 2 months of treatment.Conclusions Enteral nutrition therapy can improve the glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and body mass index,affect the level of adiponectin in the elderly patients with MS and NAFLD.It is vital to body metabolism.

Objective To study changes of serum endotoxin and its receptor CD14 gene expression in lung, liver, intestines, kidney tissues in model of acute forebrain ischemia complicated by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS), and to investigate the pathogenesis of cerebrogenic MODS. Methods 54 Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: normal control group(n=6)、sham-operative group(n=8) and 5 ischemia groups(n=40)including 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 72 h five time points. Model of cerebral infarction was established. The content of endotoxin in plasma was evaluated with a test kit. The area density and optical density of positive staining of CD14mRNA expressing were analyzed for the relative content of CD14mRNA using in-situ hybridization and CMIA medical imaging analysis system. Results Plasma endotoxin level were markedly high at 12 h (0.184?0.055)Eu/L after acute forebrain ischemia, peaking at 24 h (0.639?0.064)Eu/L and it was somewhat decreased at 72 (0.117?0.024)Eu/L. The CD14mRNA expression in lung, liver, intestines, kidney tissues increased after brain ischemia, reaching the peak at the 24~36 h, and decreased after 48 h. The highest change of CD14mRNA expression was found in lung(P

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas. MethodsThe diagnosis and treatment results of 45 cases were studied, and clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical expressions of NSE, Syn and CgA were detected.ResultsMicroscopically carcinomas were divided into three types: type Ⅰ(25 cases), type Ⅱ(10 cases) and type Ⅲ(10 cases). The histologic categories were correlated with lymph node metastasis significantly( P0.05). The 5-year survival rate for type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ was 70%, 65% and 52%, respectively.ConclusionsThe combination of NSE, Syn and CgA immunohistochemical stainnig is necessary for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas. The histologic classification is coincident with the requirement of clinical treatment and prognosis.

Objective To study the clinical effect of probiotics in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods A total of 200 patients with NAFLD were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (routine treatment group) and combined treatment group A, B and C. Each group had equal patients. The control group received orally polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules; whereas combined group A, B and C were given orally the live"combined Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus and Enterococcus powder","two live combined Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus", and the both probiotics respectively. The duration of treatment was 1 month. Laboratory parameters were evaluated before treatment and thirtieth day after treatment, including cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fasting blood glucose (FPG), serum high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW-APN) and serum TNFα. Meanwhile the faece sample was collected for routine test and bacterial culture. Liver ultrasound scan was done in all patients. Results In terms of blood lipids and blood glucose, each group improved after treatment with significant differences(P<0.05)except for HDL-C. As for liver function, serum ALT and AST decreased after treatment in each group; especially in combined group C which were lower than those of control group [(33.7±7.6) U/L vs. (45.0±8.5) U/L; (22.0±1.6) U/L vs. (29.4±3.7) U/L; P<0.05]. TNFα levels decreased after treatment in each group, in addition the values in combined group C was significantly lower than that of control group[(0.51 ± 0.27) μg/L vs. (0.82 ± 0.28) μg/L, P<0.05]. Serum HMW-APN increased after treatment in each group, and the HMW-APN in combined C group was significantly higher than that of control group[(9.28 ± 3.72) μg/L vs. (7.87 ± 3.96)μg/L, P<0.05].(5)After treatment, all groups showed improvement of fatty liver by ultrasound, but the difference between groups was not statistically significant.(6)Compared with before treatment, fecal flora in combined groups was all reduced (P<0.01), but it was comparable before and after treatment in control group. Conclusions Probiotics improve intestinal microecological system in NAFLD patients via inhibiting TNFα and enhancing adiponectin, possibly resulting in regulating blood glucose, lipid metabolism, and protecting liver injury from NAFLD.

Objective To study the development and utilization of Li medicine resources in Hainan Province, analyze the existing problems and present specific suggestions for the rational exploitation and utilization of Li medicine resources.Methods SWOT analysis was carried out on the development and utilization of Li medicine in Hainan by means of literature analysis and field survey.Results The advantage of Li medicine lies in its long history and sufficient resources.The complicated ethnic factors within Li nationality hindered the development of Li medicine and resulted in the lack of basic research.Although the relevant policies and market demands have brought opportunities for the development of Li medicine, the rapid development of society may pose a potential threat to the development and protection of Li medicine resources.Conclusion The unique advantages of Li medicine ought to be used to create Li medicine brand.While Hainan is building its international tourism island, the health benefits of Li medicine should be promoted.Through the creation of Li medicine schools or departments, new professionals need to be trained to continue the development and utilization of Li medicine.

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of dental caries among the primary and middle school students in Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, in order to provide a basis for reducing the prevalence and preventing dental caries, as well as providing data support for government departments to grasp the oral health status of the primary and middle school students. MethodsUsing the 2020 school year physical examination data of the primary and middle school students in Yuhang District, Zhejiang Province, descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the prevalence of dental caries, dental filling rate, and tooth loss. ResultsA total of 181 786 students were surveyed. The prevalence of dental caries was lower in boys (33.47%) than that in girls (36.49%); the dental filling rate was higher in girls (15.84%) than that in boys (13.74%). The prevalence of dental caries among urban primary and middle school students was lower than that of rural students, with 34.57% and 36.26%, respectively; the dental filling rate for urban students (15.41%) was higher than that of rural students (12.13%); the rate of tooth loss among urban students (10.03%) was lower than that of rural students (11.90%). The prevalence of dental caries among middle school students (22.89%) was much lower than that of primary school students (41.85%); middle school students had a lower rate of tooth loss (4.79%) compared to primary school students (12.13%). The prevalence of dental caries was higher in private schools (35.33%) than that in public schools (33.70%); the dental filling rate among students in private schools (16.87%) was higher than that of students in public schools (8.81%); the rate of tooth loss for public schools (4.90%) was lower than that of private schools (12.82%). ConclusionThe prevalence of dental caries is higher among primary school and rural students. Public and rural schools have lower rates of dental fillings. Primary school and rural students have a higher rate of tooth loss. The issue of dental caries should be focused on primary school students and economically underdeveloped areas, and efforts should be made to promote and educate oral health related knowledge, so that students and parents can understand the risks of dental caries and the importance of dental filling treatment. Students who experience dental caries should be detected and treated early to prevent the occurrence of dental caries. Early detection and treatment of dental caries can prevent tooth loss. Relevant departments should provide effective oral hygiene and health education to promote the healthy development of primary and middle school students.

Radiotherapy is an effective anti-tumor therapy for different types of solid tumors. Over 50% of cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy at different stages in the course of the disease. According to traditional radiobiology, radiation therapy mainly kills tumor cells by causing proliferative death of tumor cells through DNA damage. However, clinical data showed that many patients still experienced tumor recurrence and metastasis after receiving radiation therapy. Current studies have found that the biological behavior of tumor cells, such as invasion and migration, were changed after radiation through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, circadian rhythm disruption, senescence, and increased stemness of cancer cells, thereby leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. In this article, the changes and mechanisms of biological behavior in tumor cells after radiation were reviewed, providing evidence for the prevention and treatment of tumor recurrence and metastasis.