Premature infants are frequently prone to adverse pulmonary outcomes due to inadequate lung development.During the neonatal period，It is manifested as restrictive ventilatory impairments characterized by reduced lung volume and compliance，as well as obstructive ventilatory impairments marked by increased airway resistance.Although there is some improvement in lung volume and compliance from infancy to school age，varying degrees of persistent airway obstruction still exist，particularly in extremely preterm infants，which may persist into adulthood and lead to chronic pulmonary diseases.The techniques utilized for lung function test in premature infants differ in different age groups.School-age and adolescent children can employ the same test methods as adults.However，for preschool-aged children and particularly newborns，due to their tender age，limited capacity for complete cooperation and distinctive physiological characteristics，the current test techniques have not yet been widely implemented which are still in research.This article presents a comprehensive review of lung function characteristics and assessment methods at various stages of premature infants.