Objective: To establish the part of quality control standards for Bingganning Granules. Methods: Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati in Binggamning Granules were identified by TLC and polydatin of Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati was determined by HPLC. Results: The content of aloe emodin in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei could be used as a basis of quantitation. The average recovery of polydatin was 97.05%. RSD was 1.625%. The content of polydatin in Bingganning Granules was fixed at least not to low than 4mg/g. Conclusion: The method is simple, quick, accruate and with good reproducibility.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of laparoscopy combined with deep hyperthermia in the treatment of pelvic abscess.Methods Clinical data of 56 patients with pelvic abscess treated by laparoscopy combined with deep hyperthermia were retrospectively analyzed.Results 56 cases were completed in laparoscopic surgery,before surgery,after diagnostic accordance rate was 76.8%,average operation time was 51 minutes,postoperative average hospitalization was 5.1 days.After operation they were performed in vitro hyperthermia to increase the efficacy. Patients were followed up for 6 months,no recurrence.32 patients with fertility requirements of the fallopian tube,1 to 3 months after the operation of bilateral fallopian tube radiography,20 cases of patency,8 cases of tubal patency and poor.Conclusion Laparoscopy combined with deep hyperthermia in vitro is an ideal and safe treatment,which is conducive to protect the patients'reproductive function,especially for young patients with no pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of precision filtration infusion apparatus and other methods on reduction of ADR induced by Acanthopanax injection. METHODS:532 patients receiving intravenous infusion of Acanthopanax injection were randomly divided into observation group and control group;observation group used disposable precision filtration infusion appara-tus,while control group used disposable ordinary infusion apparatus. The occurrence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RE-SULTS:The incidence of ADR in observation group(2.68%)was significantly lower than in control group(7.75%),with statisti-cal significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Intravenous infusion of Acanthopanax injection with disposable precision filtration in-fusion apparatus can effectively reduce the occurrence of ADR.

Objective To summarize the etiological,clinical and imaging characteristics of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in children so as to provide the basis for early diagnosis and prompt treatment.Methods All the medical records including clinical manifestations,laboratory data,neuroimaging changes,treatment and short-term prognosis were analyzed retrospectively in 12 cases of CVST hospitalized in Children' s Hospital of Fudan University from Aug 2008 to May 2012.Results (1) Regarding the etiology:of the 12 cases,the causes of CVST were infection (2/12),intracranial tumor (1/12),nephrotic syndrome (2/12),cryptogenic disease (7/12).Seven out of all 12 cases without definite cause were presented subacute or chronic headache associated with progressive or acute exacerbation.Seven cases had been misdiagnosed.(2)Diagnosis:All 12 cases were made a definite diagnosis as CVST after neuroimaging examination of brain magnetic resonance imaging combined with magnetic angiography venography.(3) Short-term prognosis:all the patients were treated with anticoagulation,and 11 cases improved.Four of 7 cases with cryptogenic disease had different degrees of visual impairment,and no improvement were found after the treatment; One patient died although accepted digital subtraction angiography and balloon catheter technique.Conclusions Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis has no specific clinical manifestations and a high rate of misdiagnosis.Increased consideration and prompt magnetic angiography venography play a key role in the accurate diagnosis.Anticoagulation is safe and effective.

Objective To evaluate the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) acupoint on blood coagulation during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 months,weighing 250-300 g,were divided into 5 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),intestinal I/R group (group I/R),EA at Zusanli acupoint group (group EA),EA at non-acupoint group (group NE) and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT) group (group α-BGT).Intestinal I/R was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 4-5 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion.Bilateral Zusanli acupoints were stimulated with an electric stimulator (frequency 3 Hz,voltage 2-4 V,wave length 2 ms) for 30 min starting from the time point immediately after beginning of ischemia in group EA,while EA was performed at the points 5 mm lateral to the bilateral Zusanli instead in group NE.In group α-BGT,α-BGT 1 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 45 min before ischemia,and the other treatments were similar to those previously described in group EA.Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta at 120 min of reperfusion for determination of the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα),tissue factor (TF),antithrombin (AT),tissue plasminogen activator (tPA),fiber plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAl-l) and D-dimer in plasma (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and platelet count (PLT).The animals were sacrificed after blood sampling,the distal ileum specimens were removed for examination of the pathological changes with a light microscope,and the damage to the intestinal mucous membrane was assessed and scored according to Chin.Results Compared with group S,the concentrations of plasma TNFα,TF,tPA,PAI-1 and D-dimer were significantly increased,and the plasma AT concentration and PLT were decreased in I/R,NE and α-BGT groups,the concentrations of plasma TNFα and TF were significantly increased,and the plasma AT concentration was decreased in group EA,and Chiu's scores were significantly increased in I/R,EA,NE and α-BGT groups (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,the concentrations of plasma TNFα,TF,tPA,PAI-1 and D-dimer were significantly decreased,the plasma AT concentration and PLT were increased,and Chiu's scores were decreased in group EA (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the variables mentioned above in NE and α-BGT groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group EA,the concentrations of plasma TNFα,TF,tPA,PAI-1 and D-dimer were significantly increased,the plasma AT concentration and PLT were decreased,and Chiu's scores were increased in group NE (P＜0.05).Conclusion EA at Zusanli acupoint can improve blood coagulation during intestinal I/R in rats,and the mechanism is related to activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of notoginseng and guiding medicinals mediated notoginseng for improving the renal inter stitial fibrosis in rats with chronic kidney-disease(CKD)by regulating TGF-β signaling pathway.Methods A total of 100 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal group(NOR,n =20),model group(CKD,n =20),radix notogin-seng group(RN,n =20),radix notoginseng plus platycodi group (RNP) and radix notoginseng plus cinnamon group (RNC,n =20).Except for the NOR group,the CKD rat model in other groups was established by adenine gavage.After modeling,the NOR group and CKD group were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage,while the group RN,RNP and RNC were given corresponding drugs by gavage,for 4 weeks.After 4 weeks,the rats in each group were sacrificed for collecting serum and detecting the renal function(serum Scr,BUN),the renal tissues were taken for conducting HE and Masson staining.Then the renal tissue pathological damage severity was observed.The expressions of FN and LN in kidney tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and the expressions of TGF-[β,α-SMA were detected by Western blot method.Results Compared with the NOR group,the model group exhibited the renal dysfunction(P＜0.01),renal interstitial severe fibrosis manifestation and increased collagen deposition(P＜0.05),and the expression of kidney tissues α-SMA(P＜0.01),TGF-β(P＜0.01),FN and LN were significantly increased.Compared with the model group,the renal function in various treatment groups was improved,Scr(P＜0.01)and BUN(P＜0.01)were significantly decreased,the renal interstitial fibrosis degree was reduced,collagen desposition was decreased(P＜0.05),renal tissue α-SMA(P＜ 0.05),TGF-β(P＜0.05),FN and LN expression were reduced to some extent,in which the effect of RNC group was stronger than that of the RN group and RNP group.Conclusion Notoginseng and guiding medicinals mediated notoginseng can retard the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis caused by adenine in CKD rat in varying degrees,its mechanism maybe reduce the expression of TGF-β protein.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular event that often is followed by permanent brain impairments. It is necessary to explore the pathogenesis of secondary pathological damages in order to find effective interventions for improving the prognosis of SAH. Blockage of brain lymphatic drainage has been shown to worsen cerebral ischemia and edema after acute SAH. However, whether or not there is persistent dysfunction of cerebral lymphatic drainage following SAH remains unclear. In this study, autologous blood was injected into the cisterna magna of mice to establish SAH model. One week after surgery, SAH mice showed decreases in fluorescent tracer drainage to the deep cervical lymph nodes (dcLNs) and influx into the brain parenchyma after injection into the cisterna magna. Moreover, SAH impaired polarization of astrocyte aquaporin-4 (AQP4) that is a functional marker of glymphatic clearance and resulted in accumulations of Tau proteins as well as CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ cells in the brain. In addition, pathological changes, including microvascular spasm, activation of glial cells, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis were observed in the hippocampus of SAH mice. Present results demonstrate persistent malfunction of glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic drainage and related neuropathological damages after SAH. Targeting improvement of brain lymphatic clearance potentially serves as a new strategy for the treatment of SAH.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Aquaporin 4 ; Astrocytes ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Cisterna Magna ; Drainage ; Edema ; Hippocampus ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Prognosis ; Spasm ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; tau Proteins

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and genetic characteristics of patients with TBC1D24 gene mutations. Method: The clinical data of a patient with novel TBC1D24 compound heterozygous mutations from Children′s Hospital of Fudan University were collected, the related literature was searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, National Center from Biotechnology Information and Pubmed (up to April 2016) by using search terms "TBC1D24" "epilepsy" . The clinical features, electroencephalogram (EEG) and prognosis of the patients with TBC1D24 gene mutations were studied. Result: The patient was a boy with non-consanguineous healthy parents.He had an acute episode of focal continuous myoclonus lasting a few hours with consciousness preserved at the age of 3 months.Myoclonic jerks alternatively affected the eyelids, either the right or left limbs, sometimes triggered by fever or fatigue.The frequency was once 3-7 days.At the age of 6 months he was found to have myoclonus seizures with onset from a unilateral eyes lid and limb lasting 10 more minutes and subsequently affected four extremities or the trunk.They occurred once 3-4 months with perserved consciousness and lasted from several hours to up to ten more hours.They mostly disappeared during sleep.He had ataxia and mild mental retarding.Paroxysmal anomalies were not found on ictal traces.A novel compound heterozygous mutation of TBC1D24 gene, c. 730G>A, p.A244T and c. 1571G>C, p.R524P were found in the patient.Further study showed that c. 730G>A mutation was inherited from his father and c. 1571G>C from his mother. These two were not reported in public databases and predicted deleterious by Mutation Taster and polyphen-2.Literature relevant to TBC1D24 published all around the world was reviewed, no Chinese cases with TBC1D24 gene mutations had been reported. The total of 24 cases including the present case with TBC1D24 gene mutation were reported.Among them, 11 cases had compound heterozygous mutations and 13 cases had homozygous mutations.Ten mutations were identified, including 1 termination mutation, 1 frameshift mutation and 8 missense mutations. Conclusion TBC1D24 gene mutational analysis should be performed on patients with early-onset focal continuous myoclonus, if the etiology was unclear.

PURPOSE: Cell-in-cell structures are created by one living cell entering another homotypic or heterotypic living cell, which usually leads to the death of the internalized cell, specifically through caspase-dependent cell death (emperitosis) or lysosome-dependent cell death (entosis). Although entosis has attracted great attention, its occurrence is controversial, because one cell line used in its study (MCF-7) is deficient in caspase-3. METHODS: We investigated this issue using MCF-7 and A431 cell lines, which often display cell-in-cell invasion, and have different levels of caspase-3 expression. Cell-in-cell death morphology, microstructures, and signaling pathways were compared in the two cell lines. RESULTS: Our results confirmed that MCF-7 cells are caspase-3 deficient with a partial deletion in the CASP-3 gene. These cells underwent cell death that lacked typical apoptotic properties after staurosporine treatment, whereas caspase-3-sufficient A431 cells displayed typical apoptosis. The presence of caspase-3 was related neither to the lysosome-dependent nor to the caspase-dependent cell-in-cell death pathway. However, the existence of caspase-3 was associated with a switch from lysosome-dependent cell-in-cell death to the apoptotic cell-in-cell death pathway during entosis. Moreover, cellular hypoxia, mitochondrial swelling, release of cytochrome C, and autophagy were observed in internalized cells during entosis. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of caspase-independent entosis is not a cell-specific process. In addition, entosis actually represents a cellular self-repair system, functioning through autophagy, to degrade damaged mitochondria resulting from cellular hypoxia in cell-in-cell structures. However, sustained autophagy-associated signal activation, without reduction in cellular hypoxia, eventually leads to lysosome-dependent intracellular cell death.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Caspase 3* ; Cell Death ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line ; Cytochromes c ; Entosis ; MCF-7 Cells* ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondrial Swelling ; Staurosporine

Objective: To summarize the gene mutation of early onset epileptic spasm with unknown reason. Method: In this prospective study, data of patients with early onset epileptic spasm with unknown reason were collected from neurological department of Children's Hospital of Fudan University between March 2016 and December 2016. Patients with known disorders such as infection, metabolic, structural, immunological problems and known genetic mutations were excluded. Patients with genetic disease that can be diagnosed by clinical manifestations and phenotypic characteristics were also excluded. Genetic research methods included nervous system panel containing 1 427 epilepsy genes, whole exome sequencing (WES), analysis of copy number variation (CNV) and karyotype analysis of chromosome. The basic information, phenotypes, genetic results and the antiepileptic treatment of patients were analyzed. Result: Nine of the 17 cases with early onset epileptic spasm were boys and eight were girls. Patients' age at first seizure onset ranged from 1 day after birth to 8 months (median age of 3 months). The first hospital visit age ranged from 1 month to 2 years (median age of 4.5 months). The time of following-up ranged from 8 months to 3 years and 10 months. All the 17 patients had early onset epileptic spasm. Video electroencephalogram was used to monitor the spasm seizure. Five patients had Ohtahara syndrome, 10 had West syndrome, two had unclear classification. In 17 cases, 10 of them had detected pathogenic genes. Nine cases had point mutations, involving SCN2A, ARX, UNC80, KCNQ2, and GABRB3. Except one case of mutations in GABRB3 gene have been reported, all the other cases had new mutations. One patient had deletion mutation in CDKL5 gene. One CNV case had 6q 22.31 5.5MB repeats. Ten cases out of 17 were using 2-3 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and the drugs had no effect. Seven cases used adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and prednisone besides AEDs (a total course for 8 weeks). Among them, five cases had no effect and two cases were seizure free recently. A case with GABRB3 (C.905A>G) had seizure controlled for 3 mouths. A case with ARX (C.700G>A) had seizure controlled for 6 mouths. Conclusion The early onset epileptic spasm with unknown reason is highly related to genetic disorders. A variety of genetic mutations, especially new mutations were found. Genetic heterogeneity of epileptic spasm is obvious.