Objective To investigate the factors of hospitalization expense in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing non-emergency surgery.Methods A retrospective study included diabetic (109 cases) and control (162 cases) groups.Hospitalization expense and other observation indices were compared between two groups and subgroups.The factors that contribute to hospitalization expense were analyzed with multifactor regression analysis model.Results The median hospitalization expense was 12 014.74 yuan in the diabetic group,1.24 times than that in the control group (P =0.001).Diabetic group has higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification,longer wound healing time,higher postoperative infection rate,and longer hospital stay (P ＜ 0.01).Multifactor analysis revealed that the significant factors that influence the hospitalization expense were ASA classification (β =0.442,P =0.000),postoperative fasting plasma glucose (β =0.204,P =0.020),and postoperative infection (β =0.204,P =0.019).No significant difference was found in postoperative infection rate and hospitalization expense between two groups,when patients had received minimally invasive surgeries (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Type 2 diabetes patients have higher hospitalization expense;ASA classification,postoperative fasting plasma glucose,and postoperative infection are the main influence factors.Giving priority to minimally invasive surgeries and enhancing perioperative glucose control can help to reduce hospitalization expense in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of postmenopausal women with thickening endometrial. Methods Totally 187 patients with postmenopausal endometrial thickening by transvaginal B-ultrasound were divided into symptomatic group (n=104)and asymptomatic group (n=83).Their body mass index,age of menarche and menopause,history of menstruation and reproductive,application of estrogen,and hypertension and diabetes were collected.All the patients underwent hysteroscopy and biopsy procedures. Results There was no difference between two groups in body mass index [ (24.3 ± 3.2) kg/m2 vs.(23.3 ± 2.6) kg/m2,t =3.79,P =0.052]. The postmenopausal time of symptomatic patients in the group was shorter than the asymptomatic [ ( 14.6 ± 2.4) years vs.( 16.5 ± 2.9 ) years,t =4.12,P =0.039].The patients in the asymptomatic group were older than the patients in the symptomatic group [(68.1 ±4.8) years vs.(66.1± 5.5) years,F=3.89,P =0.046].The average endometrial thickness of patients in the asymptomatic group showed no difference compared with patients in the symptomatic group [(7.2 ±1.4) mm vs. (7.8 ± 2.0) mm,F=3.21,P=0.065]. There were 5 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma,1 case of endometrial atypical hyperplasia,38 cases of endometrial polyp,25 cases of submucosal hysteromyoma,14 cases of proliferative phase endometrium in the asymptomatic group;while 8 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma,1 case of endometrial stromal sarcoma,4 cases of endometrial serous papillary carcinoma,5 cases of endometrial atypical hyperplasia,47 cases of endometrial polyps,21 cases of submucosal hysteromyoma,2 cases of uterine empyema,8 cases of chronic inflammation of the endometrium, 8 cases of proliferative phase endometrium in the symptomatic group,respectively. Conclusions Most of endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women are benign lesions, mainly including endometrial polyps and submucous myoma, but endometrial cancer accounts for a certain percentage. Hysteroscopy is minimally invasive,safe and with specificity for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial lesions.

Objective To study the flow fields of electrolysis oxygen generation with micro-flow-channels of small square cylinders and the key structure factors impacting on the uniform distribution of the water flow in the micro-flow-channels.Methods The low Renault k-? model was used to represent the characteristics of the flow field in the micro-flow-channels.And the simulation results of the flow fields by CFD were calibrated by comparing with that of the particle image velocimetry(PIV) experiments,which showed that the low Renault k-? model was suitable to describe the flow field of the micro-flow-channels.Results The flow fields of variable flow were obtained.Conclusion The flow fields of variable flow rates distribute non-uniformly.The velocity magnitude is 10-3m/s,and the inlet structure of the electrolysis oxygen generation is a key factor impacting on the uniform distribution of the water flow.

OBJECTIVE Toestablisharecombinantcelllinethatcanstablyexpressratpurinergic P2receptorP2X4(rP2X4R).METHODS ToconstructgreenfluorescentproteinandrP2X4recombinant plasmid (pEGFP-N1-rP2X4),lipofectamine was used to transfect pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 into human embry-onic kidney (HEK293)cells that were screened with G41 8 (1 g·L-1 ).The quantitative expression of rP2X4 receptor was verified by qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.Whole-cell patch clamp record-ing was used to investigate the function of the stably expressed rP2X4 receptor. RESULTS The sequence of plasmid pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 was verified by PubMed Blastn comparison.qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the expression of rP2X4 receptor in HEK293-pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 cell lines remained stable after 25 generations (P1 ,P3,P5,P10,P15,P20 and P25).Whole-cell patch clamp recording experiments showed that the rP2X4 receptor agonist,purine-5′-triphosphate (ATP,3.0 μmol·L-1 ),could activate rP2X4 receptors in HEK293-pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 cell lines.Specific activating current could be blocked by non-selective rP2X4 receptor antagonist TNP-ATP (30.0μmol·L-1).CONCLUSION rP2X4receptorisstablyexpressedinHEK293-pEGFP-N1-rP2X4cell line and maintains stable expression and function within 25 continuous generations.The establish ment of HEK293-pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 cell line can contribute to further investigations of the roles of rP2X4 receptors in neuropathic pain.

Objective:To research the stability of Dazhu Hongjingtian injection combined with four different infusion solutions (0. 9% sodium chloride injection, 5% glucose injection, fructose injection, xylitol and sodium chloride injection) . Methods:The insolu-ble particles and pH value of Dazhu Hongjingtian injection in 0, 0. 5,1,2,4 and 8h after the combination were detected by the methods described in China Pharmacopeia ( 2010 edition ) . Results: Dazhu Hongjingtian injection combined with the four infusion solutions showed no significant changes in appearance and pH value in 8h. The number of insoluble particles in Dazhu Hongjingtian injection combined with 0. 9% sodium chloride injection and 5% glucose injection met the requirement in the pharmacopeia, and that in 0. 9%sodium chloride injection was lower than that in 5% glucose injection. The quantity of insoluble particles in Dazhu Hongjingtian injec-tion combined with fructose injection exceeded the standard level, and showed remarkable change in the fourth hour. The quantity of insoluble particles in xylitol and sodium chloride injection slightly exceeded the standard. Conclusion: Dazhu Hongjingtian injection can be mixed with 0. 9% sodium chloride injection and 5% glucose injection, and fructose injection and xylitol and sodium chloride in-jection are not suitable for the solvent of Dazhu Hongjingtian injection. Although there is no instruction indicating that 0. 9% sodium chloride injection can be used as the suitable solvent for Dazhu Hongjingtian injection, the results of the experiment can be reasonable reference for diabetes patients treated with Dazhu Hongjingtian injection.

Objective To investigate the changes and significances of vaginal microecology in elderly postmenopausal women.Methods 50 postmenopausal women and 68 reproductive age women with no subjective symptoms and normal vaginal microecological who had health examination in Beijing Hospital were selected.The contents and strains of vaginal lactobacilli in both groups were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and their differences between the two groups were analyzed.Results 92％ (46 cases) of postmenopausal women had only one vaginal lactobacillus strain in vaginal,and 8％(4 cases) of them had two lactobacillus strains in vaginal.But 4％(3 cases) of reproductive-age women had only one vaginal lactobacillus strain in vaginal,and 96％ (65 cases) of them had two and more lactobacillus strains in vaginal.There was a significant difference in the strains of vaginal lactobacilli between the two groups (x2=91.035,P=0.000).The strains of vaginal lacmbacilli ranking top 4 detection rate was Lactobaeillus jensenii (30.0％),Lactobacillus gasseri (22.6％),Lactobacillus crispatus (16.9％) and Lactobacillus inert (13.2％) in postmenopausal women,while Lactobacillus inert (80.8 ％),Lactobacillus crispatus (70.5 ％),Lactobacillus gasseri (67.6％) and Lactobacillus jensenii (39.7％) in reproductive-age women.The content of 16s rDNA from vaginal lactobacillus was more in reproductive age women than in postmenopausal women [(87.3 ±0.8) ng/g total DNA vs.(35.1±3.6) ng / g total DNA,t=6.514,P=0.048].Conclusions Lactobacillus strains colonizing in vaginal are different between postmenopausal women and reproductive age women,and the content of the vaginal lactobacillus is reduced significantly in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE To understand the bacterial spectrum distribution of sputum among the lung infection patients in our hospital and their resistance mechanisms for the reasonable clinical application of antibiotics to effectively prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections. METHODS The pathogens isolated from the sputum of patients were identified with pathogen micro-biochemical identification code and the commonly used antibiotics were detected by drug sensitivity tests. RESULTS From 415 samples of the sputum,537 strains were detected out,from them Gram-positive cocci accounted for 70.8%,Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 28.1%,and Candida albicans accounted for 1.1%;MRSA was in 18 strains and ESBLs 6 strains. CONCLUSIONS It is important to sputum culturing for lung infection patients and determining the pathogen species and in their drug susceptibility results,the in order to rationally use the antibiotics and enhance the effectiveness of treatment.

Objective To study the risk factors of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) complicated with MODS at the early stage.Methods One hundred and seven SAP patients served as A group,who admitted from Janurary 1995 to December 1999.One hundred and thirty patients served as B group who admilted from Janurary 2000 to 2005.Age,sex,Ranson' score,APACHEⅡ ,CT score,biliary tract obstruction,hypoxia,lung infection,shock,abdomen compartment syndrome,hyperlipemia,pleural effusion,and mortality were analyzed.Results Twenty-five in the A group and 28 in B group two were complicated with MODS at the early stage.There existed difference in Ranson's score,APACHEⅡ,CT score between patients with and without MODS(P

Objective To investigate the risk factors for poor response to treatment in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods The clinical manifestations,treatment and follow up data of the initial onset SLE patients in our hospital were collected retrospectively.According to the response to treatment after 6 months,patients were divided in two groups.One was treatment effective group,and the other was poor response group.The data of the two groups were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 Counted data were analyzed by Chi-square test.Measurement data were analyzed by t-test.The areas under ROC curve of the measurement data which had statistical significance were calculated and further Logistic regression analysis were made.Results In all of the 82 patients with first onset SLE,72 patients were in the treatment effective group and 10 were in the poor response group.Boy gender (5/10 & 12/72,x2=5.937,P=0.015),edema (10/10 & 25/72,x2=15.294,P＜0.O1) and serositis (8/10 & 25/72,x2=7.485,P=0.006),higher positive rate of Coombs' test (7/8 & 14/29,x2=3.931,P=0.047) and histological class Ⅳ or Ⅳ+Ⅴ of lupus nephritis (8/9 & 6/30,x2=14.278,P＜0.01) were more common in the poor response group.The level of hemoglobin (P=0.013),serum albumin (P=0.001) and globulin (P=0.004),creatinine clearance (P＜0.01),serum calcium (P=0.040) and immunoglobulin (P=0.006) of the patients in the poor efficacy group were lower than those of patients in the treatment effective group.The level of serum potassium (P=0.011),serum phosphorus (P=0.035),24 hours proteinuria (P=0.001) and SLEDAI (P=0.002) of the patients in the poor response were higher than those patients in the treatment effective group.The creatinine clearance was lower than 75.91 ml·min-1· 1.73 m-2,24 hours proteinuria was higher than 1 771.5 mg and SLEDAI was higher than 11.5 could be the diagnostic cutoff value to predict the poor response to treatment in juvenile-onset SLE patients.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed creatinine clearance lower than 75.91 ml ·min-1· 1.73 m-2 was the risk factor that could influence the outcome of SLE patients (P=0.043).The OR was 23.9 and 95％CI was from 1.10 to 516.8.Conclusion In juvenile-onset SLE patients,boys have poor response to treatment.The creatinine clearance lower than 75.91 ml·min 1· 1.73 m-2,24 hours proteinuria higher than 1 771.5 mg and SLEDAI higher than 11.5 can predict the poor response to treatment in juvenile-onset SLE patients.In addition,the SLE patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia may have poor response to treatment.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have demonstrated that transplanted neural stem cells can survive and proliferate in the brain of Alzheimer disease(AD)rats,however,it is poorly understood whether it can rebuild the nerve tracts by substituting the injured or dead neurons and improve learning and memory abilities.Synaptophysin is one of the important markers of synaptic rebuilding.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of neural stem cell transplantation on synaptophysin expression in hippocampus and learning and memory abilities of AD rats.METHODS:Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control,AD model,2-week-transplantation and 4-week-transplantation groups.All rats were established AD models except that in the normal control group.Neural stem cells were isolated from the dentate gyrus of hippocampus of newborn rats,labeled with Hoechst33258,and then transplanted into CA1 region of hippocampus of rats in the 2-week-transplantation and 4-week-transplantation groups.The behavioral testing in the rats was performed using Y-maze trial.Nissl staining and synaptophysin immunohistochemistry were detected after the rats were sacrificed.The same volume of stroke-physiological saline solution was injected into rats in the AD models group using the identical methods.There was no treatment in the normal control group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:①The cells number in the hippocampal CA1 region of the 2-week-transplantation and 4-week-transplantation groups were increased than that of AD model group,but were still less than that of the normal control group(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significantly difference between the absorbance values of 2-or 4-week-transplantation group and control group(P ＞ 0.05).②The absorbance values of the 2-week-transplantation and 4-week-transplantation were significantly greater than that of the control and AD model groups(P ＜ 0.05).③The learning and memory abilities in 2-and 4-week-transplantation group enhanced obviously and their correct reaction rates improved evidently,which was found statistically significant difference from AD model group(P ＜ 0.05),while no statistically significant difference from control group(P ＞ 0.05).The transplanted neural stem cells may promote the synaptic rebuilding and improve learning and memory abilities in AD rats.