Objective To investigate the influence of propofol pretreatment on the increased glomerular endothelial cell permeability induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats.Methods Glomerular endothelial cells isolated from SD rats were cultured in 24-well plates(200 μl/well) and transwell filters (100 μl/filter) at 1×106/ml and assigned into 6 groups (n=10 each):control group (group C) , introlipid group (group I), propofol group (group P) , LPS group (group L), LPS+introlipid group (group L+I) and LPS+propofol group (group L +P). In group I, 10% introlipid 4 μg/ml was added. In group P, 4 μg/ml propofol was added. In group L, 10 μg/ml LPS was added. In group L+I, 10% introlipid 4 fig/ml combined with 10 μg/ml LPS was added. In group L+ P, 4 μg/ml propofol combined with LPS 10 μg/ml was added. Introlipid or propofol was added 30 min before the administration of LPS and the corresponding concentrations mentioned above were all final concentrations.After 6 h incubation with LPS, the cells were collected for measurement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression using RT-PCR. The supernatant was collected for determination of the VEGF concentration by ELJSA. The endothelial cell permeability was determined. Results Compared with group C, the expression of VEGF mRNA was up-regulated and the VEGF concentration and endothelial cell permeability were significantly increased in L, L+I and L + P groups (P＜0.05 ) ,but no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in I and P groups (P＞0.05). Compared with group L, the expression of VEGF mRNA was downregulated and the VEGF concentration and endothelial cell permeability were significantly decreased in L+P group (P＜0.05), but no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group L+I(P＞0.05). A positive correlation existed between the concentration of VEGF and the permeability of endothelial cells(r= 0.833,P＜0.05).Conclusion Propofol pretreatment can decrease the increased glomerular endothelial cell permeability induced by LPS probably through down-regulation of VEGF expression.

Objective To investigate the influence of propofol on endotoxin-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 in renal glomerular endothelial cells of rats.Methods The primarily cultured renal glomerular endothelial cells of Sprague-Dawley rats were seeded in 24-well plates at a density of 1×106 cells/ml (200 μl/well) and divided into 6 groups (n =35 each) using a random number table:control group (group C);introlipid group (group I);propofol group (group P);lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (group L);LPS + introlipid group (group L+I);LPS + propofol group (group L+P).In group I,10％ introlipid was added with the final concentration of 4 μg/ml.In group P,propofol was added with the final concentration of 4 μg/ml.In group L,LPS was added with the final concentration of 10 μ g/ml.In group L+I,10％ introlipid was added with the final concentration of 4 μg/ml at 30 min before LPS with the final concentration of 10 μg/ml was added.In group L+P,propofol was added with the final concentration of 4 μg/ml at 30 min before LPS with the final concentration of 10 μg/ml was added.After 6 h of incutation,the cells were collected for measurement of cell permeability and VEGF receptor 2 mRNA expression (using RT-PCR),VEGF receptor 2 protein expression (by Western blot),and for examination of the morphology of cytoskeletal protein filamentous-actin (F-actin) with confocal microscope (by immunofluorescence).Results Compared with group C,the expression of VEGF receptor 2 mRNA and protein was significantly up-regulated,and the cell permeability was increased in L,L+I and L+P groups,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in I and P groups.Compared with group L,the expression of VEGF receptor 2 mRNA and protein was significantly down-regulated,and the cell permeability was decreased in L+P group,and no significant changes were found in L+I group.F-actin connected closely between adjacent cells and a dense peripheral F-actin band was formed in C,I and P groups,while F-actin depolymerized,the peripheral F-actin band was disrupted,and cells shrank in L and L+I groups.In group L+P,a tighter intercellular connection of F-actin was observed and cytoskeleton was found to be intact.Conclusion Propofol can inhibit endotoxin-induced increase in the permeability of renal glomerular endothelial cells through down-regulating the expression of VEGF receptor 2 in rats.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the opportunity and method of surgery for removing tracheobronchial foreign bodies. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out among 500 children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies treated in our hospital from June, 2005 to June, 2009. RESULTS The foreign bodies were successfully removed in 4(0.8%) patients with fiberoptic-bronchoscopy, 2(0.4%) patients with thoracotomy, 20(4%)patients with endoscope or rigid bronchoscopy via tracheostomy, 32(6.4%) patients with direct laryngoscopy, 436(87.2%)patients with rigid bronchoscopy . There were 6 patients (1.2%) need another operation to fully remove the foreign bodies. CONCLUSION Proper method should be choose for removing tracheobronchial foreign bodies according to the history, location and kind of the foreign bodies.

Objective To determine the factors contributing to the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremity in patients after hip or knee arthroplasty and hip fracture internal fixation.Methods One hundred and forty-seven consecutive patients receiving hip or knee arthroplasty and hip fracture internal fixation from 2004 to 2005 were included in this study. Their age ranged from 33 to 92 years. Duplex color ultrasonic inspection was performed on veins of the bilateral lower extremities before operation and 2 weeks after operation for detection of DVT. The patients were divided into a DVT group and a DVT-free group based on the development of DVT after operation. Detailed perioperative clinical information about the patients, surgery and anesthesia was collected.Results Lower extremity DVT was found in 42.2% of the patients after operation, while the incidence of proximal DVT was 2.7%. Compared with the DVT-free group, the usage rate and dosage of ephedrine increased significantly, the duration of anesthesia was significantly longer, and the white blood cell count (WBC) on the 1st postoperative day and the highest WBC count were significantly higher in the DVT group(P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the above factors were closely related to DVT.Conclusion Duration of anesthesia ＞ 3 h, ephedrine administration and a marked increase in WBC count after operation are the risk factors for DVT in the lower extremities in patients after hip or knee arthroplasty and hip fracture internal fixation.

0.05).There were no significant differences in thrombus-associated indexes except a slight change of plasminogen activator antigen.CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of DVT after tumor removal of urinary system is mainly associated with malignant tumor itself, operation wound, postoperative immobilization and the risk factors of thrombus,the administration of reptilase does not increase the incidence of DVT,but might promote the fibrinolytic activity of patients.

Objective By reviewing the relevant literature, we explored the current status and problems of the evaluation of the training effectiveness, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the effect evaluation of nurse training in China. Methods By searching Citation online search and integration system (CITE), the Chinese biomedical literature service system (CBM), we included the literatures on the effect evaluation of the nurses training in the core journals from January 2006 to November 2015. Retrieval literatures were imported the bibliographic management software Note express by database. The corresponding field were analyzed in the literature′s age distribution, evaluation object, evaluation model, evaluation method, evaluation index and evaluation tool, et al. Results There were 343 literatures had retrieved, the total number of literatures presented a increasing tendency. The evaluation methods, evaluation tools and evaluation indicators presented a tendency of diversity, and the evaluation model was relatively single. Only 16 (4.7%) literatures tried to construct the training effect evaluation system of nurses, which was not based on some theory or hypothesis, which had not been effectively put into practice. Conclusion The effect evaluation system of nurse training needed to be done in depth, such as reconstruction of the new training evaluation model, the establishment of training evaluation system of different professional, different levels, different positions, to research evaluation methods, evaluation criteria and clinical practice testing, to design, training evaluation management software etc.

Objective:To establish and evaluate a newly established method of enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring human autoantibody to folate receptor (FR).Methods: Folate receptor was extracted and purified from healthy woman placenta tissues .The protein was coated on 96-well plates.Goat monoclonal antibody was used as detecting antibody to set up the indirect ELISA proce -dure.The sensitivity, precision and linearity of the method were evaluated .Further, the method was compared with the ELISA method with commercialized bovine folate binding protein ( FBP) by determi-ning autoantibody levels in 24 individuals .Results:The measuring range of the standard curve was from 6 .25 ×10 -4 to 8 ×10 -2 ( the IgG concentration of pooled plasma from healthy donors was defined as 1 ) . The lowest detectable level was 3.13 ×10 -4 .The intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variations were 2.74%-8.07% and 4.16% -8.23%, respectively.Linearity test results were considered within acceptable limits.The data from FBP-ELISA and FR-ELISA were highly correlated ( r=0.954, P <0.001);The value from FR-ELISA was higher by 14% than that from FBP-ELISA.Conclusion: The ELISA method for measuring human autoantibody IgG to folate receptor was successfully established using human FR as coating protein .The method is sensitive and repeatable and can be used in large-scale population study .

Objective To investigate the effects of preoperative iv different doses of pantoprazole on acidity of gastric fluid in patients undergoing elective surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅲ patients aged 38-80 yr,weighing 44-72 kg undergoing elective surgery were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 20 each): group Ⅰ control (group C); group Ⅱ pantoprazole 40 mg(group P1) and group Ⅲ pantoprazole 80 mg(group P2). The patients received intravenous normal saline (NS) 100 ml, pantoprazole 40 and 80 mg in NS 100 ml respectively in group C, P1 and P2 at 30 min before surgery. Gastric content was aspirated using a gastric tube on the patients'arrival in the operating room and at 1,2 h and the end of surgery. The pH of the gastric fluid was measured. The adverse effects including dizziness, diarrhea, PONV and incidence of stress ulcer were recorded. Results The pH was significantly increased in group P1 and P2 as compared with control group but there was no significant difference in pH between group P1 and P2 . There were no significant difference in the incidence of stress ulcer and pH of the gastric fluid≤2.5 among the 3 groups. Conclusion Preoperative intravenous pantoprazole 40 mg can effectively increase pH of gastric juice and is helpful in reducing the incidence of stress ulcer and the risk of acid aspiration.

Objective To study the clinical effects of different surgical treatments for laryngotracheal steno-sis .Methods The clinical data of 56 patients with laryngotracheal stenosis from July 2006 to July 2014 were ana-lyzed .Of all 56 cases ,7 cases were children ,49 cases were aducts ;9 cases underwent CO2 laser resection ,5 cases underwent temperature controlled radiofrequency ablation and 5 cases received laryngeal mold under self -retaining laryngoscope ,6 cases received Keel placement after laryngofissure ,23 cases received T -shape tube implantation af-ter laryngoplasty or tracheoplasty and 8 cases underwent end-to -end tracheal anastomosis after cervical tracheoto-my .Results All the patients had been followed up for 6 months to 2 years postoperatively .Thirty nine cases of 56 were cured after single-operation ,and 10 of 56 were cured after repeated operations .No one suffered from laryn-gotracheal stenosis again .Five cases failed and survived with tracheal tube .2 cases lost to follow -up .No people die or had complications .Among all cases ,5 cases with laryngeal mold and 8 cases with tracheal anastomosis were cured after single-operation .Among 9 cases with lasere scar removal surgery ,5 cases were cured after an operation ,3 cases were cured after two operations ,1 case failed because of laryngeal cancer recurrence .Among 5 case with tem-perature controlled radiofrequency ablation ,3 cases were cured afrter an operation ,1 case was cured after two opera-tions ,1 case had no effect .Among 6 cases with keel place -ment ,4 cases were cured after one operation ,1 case was cured after two operations ,1 case had no effect .Among 23 cases with T -shape tube implantation ,14 cases were cured after an operstion ,5 cases were cured after two and more operations ,2 cases had no effects and 2 cases were lost .Conclusion In order to improve the therapeutic effects of laryngotracheal stenosis ,the treatment strategy should be personalized according to the degree of stenosis ,the position of stemtis ,and the impairment of laryngotra-cheal framework .

To set up a new rapid method for the rapid determination of influenza virus H5N1 and H7N9 basing on the Multi-Analyte Suspension Array (MASA) technology. Sequence analysis and design of degenerate primers and specific probes were set in the comparison and analysis of H5, N1, H7 and N9 genes. In combination with MASA technology, these primers and probes were used for the determination of samples of H5N1 and H7N9 and other subtypes ( H1N1, PH1N1, H5N2, H3N2 and H9N2). We developed a rapid determination method. This method had high specificity and sensitivity that could detect H5N1 and H7N9 at one time, and could detect samples that containing 10 copies of H5N1 and H7N9. This determination method could be used for rapid determination of influenza virus H5N1 and H7N9 at one time.
Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods