Objective To investigate the relationship between the doses of epidural morphine administered for postoperative analgesia and postoperative urinary retention (POUR). Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ patients aged < 20-56 yr undergoing atthroscopic knee operation under epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 20 each) : group Ⅰ and Ⅱ received epidural morphine 1 and 3 mg in 5 ml of normal saline (NS) respectively at the end of operation (group M1, M2 ); group Ⅲ received NS 5 ml instead of morphine (group C). Urinary retention was defined as the patient could not void, when bladder volume was ≥ 600 ml measured using ultrasound. Bladder urine volume was measured before anesthesia and at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h after operation. The occurrence of urinary retention, the first postoperative voiding time, VAS scores and the incidences of vomiting and pruritus were recorded. Results The 3 groups were comparable with respect to age, M/F sex ratio, preoperative bladder urine volume, the amount of local anesthetic used during operation and duration. The incidences of urinary retention, vomiting and pruritus were 65%, 60% and 90% respectively in group M2 and significantly higher than those in the other 2 groups. The first postoperative voiding time was significantly longer in group M2 than in the other 2 groups. VAS scores were significantly lower in group M1 and M2 than in group C. There was no significant difference in VAS scores between group M1 and M2. Conclusion Epidural morphine increases the incidence of POUR in a dose-dependent manner, and 1 mg is the recommended dose.

Objective:To investigate the eruption of cystic lesion associated impacted permanent teeth(CAIPT)of the jaws after fe-nestrating decompression in adolescents and to analyze the related factors that affect the eruption of CAIPT.Methods:32 cases of CAIPT were examined restrospectively by panoramic radiographs.The subjects were divided into erupted group(n =22),and nonerupt-ed group(n =10).Patient age,angulation of the CAIPT,the cusp depth,eruption space and the level of dental root formation meas-ured on intial panoramic radiograph,were subjected to statistical analysis.Results:The eruption of the impacted mandibular molar was significantly related to the cusp depth,level of dental root formation and the patient's age(P <0.05).The eruption of the impacted man-dibular premolar was significantly related to the cusp depth,level of dental root formation,the angulation of the tooth and the patient's age (P <0.05),but not to dental space for the eruption(P >0.05).Conclusion:The patient's age,angulation of impacted permanent teeth,cusp depth,eruption space,level of dental root formation should be considered in the management of CAIPT.

O bjective Different degrees of oxidative stress may exist in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).The aim of this study was to explore the roles of oxidative stress and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) in the development and progression of DM in the rat model of type 1 DM (T1DM). Methods We established the T1DM model in 23 male SD rats and in-cluded another 17 in the control group .We determined the total anti-oxidation capacity ( T-AOC) and the levels of super-oxide dis-mutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) by chromatometry, and measured that of VEGF by ELISA. Results At 7 weeks after modeling, the level of fasting blood glucose(FBG) was significantly increased in the T1DM rats as com-pared with the controls ([23.01 ±3.62] vs [5.08 ±0.46] mmol/L, P<0.05); the levels of GSH and SOD were markedly lower (18.8 [0.36] vs [3.82 ±1.05] g/L and [192.06 ±34.57] vs [242.37 ±32.79] U/mL, both P<0.05) while those of serum MDA and VEGF remarkably higher in the T1DM than in the control rats ([4.94 ±0.63] vs [4.42 ±0.37] nmolm/L and [23.97 ±1.84] vs [22.32 ±1.71] pg/mL, both P<0.05);no statistically significant differences were found in T -AOC between the two groups (P>0.05).FBG was correlated positively with MDA (r=0.51) and VEGF (r=0.47) but negatively with GSH (r=-0.71) and SOD (r=-0.40), while serum VEGF positively with MDA (r=0.32) and negatively with GSH ( r=-0.34 ) in the experimental rats . Conclusion Peroxidation is increased and the anti-oxidation mecha-nism weakened during the development and progression of T 1DM, which is closely related to hyperglycemia .High VEGF is associated with hyperglycemia and enhanced peroxidation .

Objective To study the anti-aging effect of caloric restriction in aged rats. Method Thirty-four male aged SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The experimental groups were given 80% and 60% diet of the control respectively. After 6 months we measured serum SOD,MDA,IL-2,the activity of NO,MAO in brain tissue and apoptosis index of hepatocytes. Results The activities of NO in brain tissue,SOD and IL-2 in serum in experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control group. Serum MDA,MAO of brain tissue and apoptosis index of hepatocytes in experimental groups were lower than those in control. Conclusion Caloric restriction shows anti-aging biological effects in aged rats.

Objective To observe the variety of liver and kidney function during lung transplantation and discuss its reference value of diagnosis and therapy in clinical acute rejection(AR).Methods The variety of TBIL, ALT and CRE were dynamically studied and analyzed before and after lung transplantation in 2 cases shared one same donor's lung block.Results During the use of CSA,TBIL diversely procedurally raised and it got right when AR was under control; when illness was worsen,ALT abnormally raised and CRE had no remarkably change.Conclusion TBIL is the sensitivity index of hepatotoxicity of immunity inhibitor CSA after lung transplantation. The abnormal change of ALT is the index of disease turnover.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of uhrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block combined with general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 52-80 yr,weighing 67-94 kg,undergoing total knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=20 each).Group Ⅰ received combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia with endotracheal tube.Group Ⅱ received lower extremity nerve block guided by ultrasound and then combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway.HR was maintained at 50-100bpm,MAP was maintained at the preoperative baseline level(increase or decrease amplitude<20%of the baseline level)during operation and in pestanesthesia care unit(PACU)and vasoaetive drugs(atropine,esmolol,efedrina,urapidil or labetalol)were given when necessary.The patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with tramedol and lornoxicam(background infusion 2 ml/h,bolus dose 1 ml,lockout interval 15 min)after operation and VAS score was maintained at≤2.The requirement for vasoactive drugs during operation and in PACU,PACU stay length,and consumption of analgesics and occurrence of nausea and vomiting within 24 h after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the requirement for all vasoaetive drugs during operation and for esmolol,urapidil and labetalol in PACU was significantly reduced,PACU stay length Was significantly shortened,and the consumption of analgesics and incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in group Ⅱ(P<0.01).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block combined with general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway provides better emcacy with fewer complications and less consumption of postoperative analgesics than general anesthesia with endotracheal tube in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

The challenge of the emergence of drug-resistant influenza strains, which is caused by wide spread utilization of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), accelerates the research and exploration towards host targeted agents. In contrast to DAAs targeting viral replication components, host targeted agents, which regulate host factors and pathways linked to viral replication, can interfere the replication of influenza. Additionally, the innate immune system is activated by influenza during the early stage of infection, so manipulating the innate immune response may prevent the viral infection. However, the excessive inflammatory response induced at the late phase of influenza infection would lead to severe tissue injures. Thus, it is very important to explore drugs with anti-inflammatory actions to suppress these immune imbalances and tissue injures. Here we overview the current progresses about host targets related to anti-influenza drugs.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor that occurs in the bile duct epithelium,it is the second most common malignant tumor of the liver and bile duct after hepatocellular carcinoma.Imaging examination is an important method to detect bile duct cancer;the purpose of imaging is to determine the location of the tumor,and the extent of invasion and distant metastasis.Different imaging methods have their advantages and disadvantages,so they should be chosen based on the condition of patients,or be optimized as the combined detection.

AIM: To establish a RP-HPLC method to determine the fingerprint of Shentong granules. METHODS: Chromatographic conditions consisted of Alltech ODS column and the mobile phase composed of a mixture of acetonitrile-water(gradient elution),detection wavelength at 270 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. RESULTS: A HPLC fingerprint determination with a good reproducibility was established,which could separate main principles of Shentong granules. CONCLUSION: The method can provide more information for the quality control of Shentong granules.