Based on the theory of self-access learning,this paper makes an investigation into some factors which have great influence on the fostering of learner autonomy by the case study of the online English writing course.

Graduates are generally weak in oral English. Some measures have been taken in graduate oral English course since 2005 in SMMU and proved effective by the questionnaire completed later.

Objective To discuss the relative importance of the 5 English skills and to compare medical majors' main purposes of English listening and medical majors' actual usage of English listening.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among medical sophomores in the Second Military Medical University who had finished the college English course.Data were processed by Excel 2007 and statistical results were described by percentage.Results Participants paid enough attention to five English skills,especially the listening ability; a total of 98.4％ of the participants recognized the importance of listening skills.Students' learning needs and course arrangements are mainly about examinations,graduations future study.Medical English course arrangements cannot satisfy the learning needs.Conclusions Students recognized the importance of five English skills,especially the listening skills.Students' learning needs are basically examination-oriented and the medical English course is not enough for the students.Suggestions on the English teaching,course design and the integration of college English and medical English are put forward in the paper.

AIM:To investigate the effect of advanced glycation end products on inflammation in cultured cardiomyocytes.METHODS: Primary cardiomyocytes were isolated from Sprague-Dawley neonatal (1 to 2 days old) rats ventricles. The insulin resistant cardiomyocyte model was established. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were exposed to AGEs for 24 hours. TNF-? mRNA and PPAR-? mRNA expressions were determined by RT-PCR. Activation of NF-?B in the cells was examined by using immunocytochemistry. The ultrastructure of the cells was detected by transmission electron microscope.RESULTS: The exprssion of TNF-? mRNA and the activation of NF-?B increased, the expression of PPAR-? mRNA decreased compared with control group (P

The QCC campaign at the emergency center was themed as minimizing incidence of risky transport of critically ill patients,which aimed at continued quality improvement by means of conditions review,problem analysis,measures making,and procedure improvement.The incidence of risky transports dropped from 26％ to 0.9％ in six months.Another promising outcome was a sharp betterment of clinical nurse management. It has proved that QCC can effectively downsize risky transports of critically ill patients,making it a functional means to improve nursing quality.

Objective To establish the quality standard for Yanyan syrup. Methods Thin layer chromatography ( TLC) was used for the qualitative identification of Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Scrophulariae Radix. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of puerarin on Diamonsil C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm) column with mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.5% acetic acid (25:75) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 250 nm. Results TLC spots were clear and well-separated without negative interference.The linear range of puerarin was 3-120μg?mL-1( r=0.999 7) with an average recovery of 97.44% ( RSD=2.07%,n=6) . Conclusion The method for quality and quantity of Yanyan syrup is simple, specific, accurate and reliable.It can be used for the quality control of Yanyan syrup.

Objective To investigate colloidal gold immune chromatography (GICA ) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection pepsinogen (PG) consistency of results ,so as to provide experimental evidence for the use of colloidal gold im‐munochromatography assay PG and briefly analysis of its clinical utility .Methods Totally 40 cases in our hospital digested samples and medical centers 60 healthy population sample in Endoscopy Center by endoscopy diagnosed with inflammation of the stomach disease ,respectively ,with colloidal gold immune chromatography and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay PG ,colloidal gold immu‐noassay chromatography method to be evaluated ,as the reference ELISA method .The results were compared to the method and bias analysis .Results GICA method with a correlation coefficient ELISA test results were greater than 0 .95 ,indicating a good correla‐tion between the two methods and there is no overall bias;sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were (0 .775 ,0 .85) and (0 .782 ,0 .823) .Conclusion Both GICA and ELISA can be used for screening or diagnosis of stomach illnesses .

The aim of the present paper intends to explore the international experiences of healthcare profes-sional organizations and its enlightenment for China. The functions of health professional organizations in advanced countries include certification and accreditation, self-discipline, academic exchanges, political participation, service for industry, member rights protection and so on. The legal authorization, comprehensive supervision and competitive market mechanisms which make sure these functions perform well are worth learning for China.

This article is based on a questionnaire survey of healthcare professional organizations and interview leaders of them. The results of this investigation show that the number of staff is small, and lack of highly qualified human resources. The organizations rely on donation for income and some of them run at a deficit. The functions such as professional self-discipline are not well performed. The analysis reveals four reasons why functions are not well per-formed:the bureaucratic style of the professional organizations and unclear legal status;the limited authorization from legal and administrative bodies;the defects in the governance system and the lack of capacity. Four aspects of policy recommendations are were proposed: to clearly define the role of the professional organizations and authorization through legal and administrative procedures; to strengthen support of professional organizations through various poli-cies;to improve governance and build comprehensive regulation mechanisms;to enhance the capacity of these organi-zations and so on.

The characteristics of health care require that health care professional organizations play an impor-tant role in health governance. The role of health care professional organizations in China has not been clearly defined and their functions have not been fully developed. This paper explores the nature, and the functions of health care professional associations in China. Based on the analysis of health governance characteristics in China, the role, and functions of the health care professional organizations in China’s health governance were defined and relevant policy recommendations are were proposed.