Graduates are generally weak in oral English. Some measures have been taken in graduate oral English course since 2005 in SMMU and proved effective by the questionnaire completed later.

Objective By reviewing the relevant literature, we explored the current status and problems of the evaluation of the training effectiveness, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the effect evaluation of nurse training in China. Methods By searching Citation online search and integration system (CITE), the Chinese biomedical literature service system (CBM), we included the literatures on the effect evaluation of the nurses training in the core journals from January 2006 to November 2015. Retrieval literatures were imported the bibliographic management software Note express by database. The corresponding field were analyzed in the literature′s age distribution, evaluation object, evaluation model, evaluation method, evaluation index and evaluation tool, et al. Results There were 343 literatures had retrieved, the total number of literatures presented a increasing tendency. The evaluation methods, evaluation tools and evaluation indicators presented a tendency of diversity, and the evaluation model was relatively single. Only 16 (4.7%) literatures tried to construct the training effect evaluation system of nurses, which was not based on some theory or hypothesis, which had not been effectively put into practice. Conclusion The effect evaluation system of nurse training needed to be done in depth, such as reconstruction of the new training evaluation model, the establishment of training evaluation system of different professional, different levels, different positions, to research evaluation methods, evaluation criteria and clinical practice testing, to design, training evaluation management software etc.

Objective To evaluate the antitumor effects of interferon (IFN)γ-endostatin based gene radiotherapy in a metastatic breast tumor model of mice, and to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved. Methods Murine mammary adenocarcinoma 4T1 cells transfected with pEgr-IFN-γ and pEgrendostatin plasmids were irradiated with 2-20 Gy of X-rays. IFN-γ and endostatin levels in the culture supernatants were measured. Female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 1 × 105 of 4T1 cells by mammary fat pad injection, and divided randomly into control, empty vector, gene therapy (pEgr-IFN-γ and pEgrendostatin), radiotherapy, and combined gene-radiotherapy groups. Tumor/body weight ratio, lung metastases, and survival of the tumor-bearing mice were observed. Splenic cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)and natural killer (NK) cell activity and intratumor microvessel density were also assessed. Results Irradiation significantly enhanced the section of IFN-γ and endostatin from the transfected 4T1 cells.Compared with gene therapy or radiotherapy alone, combined gene-radiotherapy resulted in the maximal attenuation in tumor growth rate, lung metastases and increased survival. The activities of CTL and NK cells were significantly enhanced and intratumor microvessel density reduced ( t = 2. 120-22.140, P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions IFN-γ-endostatin-based gene-radiotherapy could provide a potential antitumor effect in a murine metastatic breast tumor model, which may be related to IFN-γ-stimulated CTL and NK cell activation, and endostatin-induced antiangiogenic activity. Gene-radiotherapy could serve as a neoadjuvant therapy for the locally advanced breast cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effect of acupressure on chemotherapy-induced digestive tract reaction of malignant tumor patients.Methods We searched Pubmed,Medline,Embase,AMED,Cochrane Library,Cancerlit and Cinabl,China Biology Medicine disc (CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),VIP database (VIP)and Wanfang database,the databases were searched from the establishment of the database to March 2014.We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and of acupressure on chemotherapy-induced digestive tract reaction for malignant tumor patients.Results In total,8 RCT,959 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that compared with the no implementation of acupressure,acupressure could effectively reduce the frequency,duration and severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea,vomiting and retching.Meanwhile,acupressure could decrease anti-emetic medication dosage,but could not increase quality of life.Conclusions Acupressure can improve the digestive tract reaction of malignant tumor patients,alleviate the suffering of patients.Meanwhile acupressure couldn't increase the medical burden and mental burden of patients.More attention should be paid to the effect of acupressure on baseline level of state anxiety,functional state and more items.

The first genetic linkage map of Salvia miltiorrhiza was constructed in 94 F1 individuals from an intraspecific cross by using simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 93 marker loci in the linkage map, consisting of 53 SSR, 38 SRAP and 2 ISSR locus were made up of eight linkage groups, covered a total length of 400.1 cm with an average distance of 4.3 cm per marker. The length of linkage groups varied from 3.3 -132 cm and each of them included 2-23 markers, separately. The result will provide important basis for QTL mapping, map-based cloning and association studies for commercially important traits in S. miltiorrhiza.

Owing to its insidious onset, the diagnosis of ovarian cancer is usually delayed and followed with ascites, which results in a poor prognosis compared to other gynecological malignant tumors. Ascites, a pathological accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, contains a variety of cellular and non-cellular components, which promotes tumor metastasis, leads to chemotherapy resistance, and seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients. In this article, the basic characteristics and the recent progress of ascites in ovarian cancer are reviewed, so as to provide references for further research.

Objective To compare and analyze the epidemiological features of adult patients with distal femoral fracture between the east and west areas in China from 2010 to 2011.Methods The data of adult patients with distal femoral fracture treated from January 2010 through December 2011 in 63 hospitals were collected through the PACS system and case reports checking system.The data from 35 hospitals in the east area were classified as group A and those from 28 hospitals in the west area as group B.The analytic items included gender,age and AO classification.Results A total of 2,523 adult distal femoral fractures were collected,involving i,544 males and 979 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.58:1.The adult femoral fractures predominated in an age range from 41 to 50 years (18.94％) and their high-risk type was 33-A (50.18％).In group A of 1,650 cases,there were 1,027 males and 623 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.65:1 and a median age of 48 years;in group B of 873 cases,there were 517 males and 356 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.45:1 and a median age of 45 years.There were no significant differences in the age distribution and gender proportion between groups A and B (P ＞ 0.05).The age distribution showed that the peak ranges were from 31 to 60 years in both groups.The proportion of type 33-A was the most and that of type 33-B the least in both groups.The proportion of type 33-A in group B (53.49％) was significantly higher than in group A (48.42％) while that of type 33-B in group B (16.84％) was significantly lower than in group A (21.39％) (P ＜ O.05).Conclusions Adult distal femoral fractures were common in middle-aged males and their high-risk type was 33-A.Their peak age was from 31 to 60 years in both east and west areas in China.They were more common in men.The predominant fracture type was 33-A in both areas.The east area witnessed a significant higher proportion of type 33-B and a significant lower proportion of type 33-A than the west area.

Objective:To investigate the effects of intravascular hypothermia combined with early post-pyloric feeding on the neurological function and prognosis in patients with severe ischemic stroke, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical decision-making on the optimal nutritional support strategy for patients with severe ischemic stroke during intravascular hypothermia treatment.Methods:This was a retrospective, non-randomized, controlled study. A total of 78 patients with first severe ischemic stroke who were admitted to the ICU of Neurology Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021 were selected. General information and clinical data of the patients were collected and grouped according to intrvascular hypothermia combined with nutritional support. Patients were divided into early post-pyloric feeding group of 52 cases and early parenteral nutrition group of 26 cases. The neurological prognosis, disease prognosis, nutritional status and complications related to nutritional support of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The Glasgow score at 30th day after intravascular hypothermia in the early postpyloric feeding group was (11.25 ± 4.92) points, which was higher than that in the early parenteral nutrition group (8.40 ± 5.53), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.45, P<0.05). After treatment, the serum total protein and hemoglobin of early postpyloric feeding group were (59.56 ± 5.09) g/L and (131.06 ± 19.58) g/L, respectively, which were higher than those of early parenteral nutrition group (56.52 ± 7.94) g/L and (122.07 ± 17.72) g/L. The difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.03, -1.91, P<0.05). The clinical pulmonary infection score of the early postpyloric feeding group was (7.33 ± 0.96) points, which was lower than that of the early parenteral nutrition group (9.42 ± 2.11). The mechanical ventilation time and ICU stay time were (17.46 ± 10.47) days and (28.89 ± 12.59) days, respectively. Compared with the early parenteral nutrition group (25.77 ± 15.20) days and (37.07 ± 17.15) days, the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.28, 2.83, 2.52, all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in catheter-associated bloodstream infection and ICU hospitalization mortality between the two groups (both P>0.05). Conclusions:Intravascular hypothermia combined with early post-pyloric feeding can improve the nutritional status of patients with severe ischemic stroke, effectively control pulmonary infection, shorten mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, and promote neurological repair.

Objective To evaluate the influences of laser acupuncture therapy ( LAT ) on asthma control of pediatric asthma patients .Methods Electronic data searched in databases like Cochrane Library , Joanna Briggs Institute Library , Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMbase, AMED, Cancerlit and Cinahl , China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (CNKI), SinoMed (CBM), etc., from time range of January 1992 to July 2015 , were brought into randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) which were pediatric asthma patients influenced asthma control by LAT .Maastricht-Amsterdam rating scale was adopted to evaluate quality of this research , and Meta analysis was conducted by software of RevMan 5.1.6 afterwards.Results Five RCTs with 254 patients were included .It was revealed in Meta analysis that LAT could effectively improve pediatric asthma patients ′indexes of pulmonary function , like forced vital capacity ( FVC) , forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), maximal mid-expiratory flow curve (MMEF) (Z=4.55,2.62,7.02;P<0.01) and life quality (Z=5.40,P<0.000 01);meanwhile, LAT could obviously reduce dose of steroid for pediatric asthma patients (Z=4.21,P<0.000 1).It was revealed by descriptive analysis results that LAT could relieve symptoms in respiratory system of pediatric asthma patients .Conclusions LAT can effectively improve control level of pediatric asthma .FVC, FEV1/FVC, and MMEF can be used as effect indexes of pediatric asthma patients treated by LAT , while FEV1 and PEF have no statistic difference and still to be testified by clinical RCTs with multi centers and large samples .

Background and objective Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a transmembrane protein involved in the metabolism of tumor cells. CAIX is expressed in only a few normal tissues but is overexpressed in various tumor types. Te aim of this study is to detect the serum CAIX level of patients with lung cancer, evaluate the significance of CAIX detection in the diagnosis of lung cancer, and analyze the serum CAIX level among diferent pathological types and TNM stages of lung can-cer. Methods Forty-seven patients with lung cancer and 31 healthy subjects were selected to participate in this study. Serum CAIX level was examined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Te subjects were grouped according to histological type and TNM staging, and serum CAIX level was compared among the groups. With pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic curve of the serum CAIX level was established for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Results Te CAIX serum level was significantly higher in patients with lung cancer than that in the healthy group (P<0.001). Te serum CAIX level in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma was also significantly higher than that in patients with adenocarcinoma. No statistically significant diferences were observed in the serum CAIX level between I+II and III+IV staging. Te AUC of serum CAIX level was 0.961. At a threshold level of 115.115 pg/mL, sensitivity and specificity were 95.7% and 90.3%, respectively. Conclusion Detection of the serum CAIX level through ELISA exhibits high sensitivity and specificity and is important for the diagnosis of lung cancer.