Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a family member of the transient receptor potential (TRPs). It is primarily localized to a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons, such as trigeminus, vagus and dorsal root ganglia. Neuropathic pain is often caused by peripheral nerve injury, diabetes and chemotherapeutics. A large of oxidative/nitrative stress products are produced during neuropathic pain, which cause acute nociception, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. TRPA1 antagonists may be beneficial in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Here, the role of TRPA1 in neuropathic pain is summarized.

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived peptide with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects. It has found that adiponectin can prevent the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. This paper reviews the recent studies on adiponectin in cerebrovascular diseases, especially on ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, it also elaborates the close relationship between adiponectin and other traditional vascular risk factors.

The examination question database on Nutrition and Food Hygiene was set up and applied to reduce the effects of subjective factors on test efficacy.The test items of noun explanation,brief answer and discussion were compiled in the form of Microsoft Excel.Then the items were classified by Excel filtration function and a test paper was created by random sampling from the database.It reduces teachers' burden of making test questions and increases objectivity of test questions,which has achieved good results in teaching.

From January 2000 to December 2006, 78 hypertensive patients with intracerebral hemorrhage(80～130 ml)underwent minimally invasive surgery(n=41)or small bone window craniotomy(n=37). Neurological deficit scores and mortality were estimated to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy among those two group patients. The success rate was significantly higher in the micro-invasive surgery group than the small bone window craniotomy group(P＜0. 05). However, no significantly lower mortality was detected in the micro-invasive surgery group(P＞0. 05). In summary, micro-invasive surgery may reduce the mortality, largely increase the success rate of treatment, and improve patients' quality of life.

AIM: To investigate whether salidroside has influence on the activities of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and its mechanism.METHODS:Mononuclear cells from normal human peripheral blood were cultured in fi-bronectin coated flasks in endothelial progenitor medium .After 7 d, EPCs were characterized as adherent cells with acLDL-DiI uptaking and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining .The proliferation and migration of EPCs were analyzed by MTT assay and Transwell chamber assay , respectively.The EPCs adhesion assay was performed by re-plating the cells on fibronectin-coated dishes , and then adherent cells were counted .NO and Akt protein were also detected .RESULTS:Sali-droside promoted EPCs proliferative , migratory and adhesive capacities in a concentration dependent manner .Salidroside also increased NO secretion , and the level of phosphorylated Akt protein .However , the effects of salidroside on EPCs were inhibited by phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002.CONCLUSION:Salidroside regulates the activity of EPCs by phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway .

Objective To explore the influences of proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes on high fat diet-induced obesity and obesity prevention through exercises in rats.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal diet control group (C,n=8),a normal diet with exercises group (E,n=8),a high fat diet control group (H,n=14) and a high fat diet with exercises group (HE,n=10).Group C and group H kept sedentary,while group E and group HE underwent treadmill exercises at about 75％VO2max level.After 12 weeks of intervention,the body weight,epididymal,perirenal and retroperitoneal fat mass were recorded,and the total fat mass was determinated.Stereology method was used to calculate the number and average diameter of fat cells.Western Blotting was conducted to measure the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα protein in adipose tissues.Results (1) The body weight and total fat mass of group H were significantly higher than those of group C (P＜0.01).Perirenal,retroperitoneal fat and total fat mass of group E and HE were significantly lower than those of group C and H respectively (P＜0.01).(2) The total fat cell number of group H was significantly higher than that of group C.The average diameter of fat cells in perirenal and retroperitoneal fat pads of group E were significantly lower than that of group C (P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while that of group HE in epididymal,perirenal and retroperitoneal fat pads was significantly lower than that of group H (P＜0.01).(3) Compared with group C,the expression of PPARγ protein of group E and H increased significantly in epididymal,perirenal and retroperitoneal fat pads (P＜0.01).The expression of C/EBPα protein of group H was significantly higher than that of group C in epididymal and perirenal fat pads (P＜0.01),the expression of C/EBPα protein of group E was significantly higher than that of group C in perirenal and retroperitoneal fat pads (P＜0.01),while the expression of C/EBPα protein of group HE was significantly lower than that of group H in perirenal fat pads(P＜0.01).Conclusion The proliferation and differentiation of preadipocyte was enhanced in the development of high fat diet induced obesity and exercises to prevent obesity,but its role and mechanisms were different.The high fat diet increases the number of fat cells which is a compensatory mechanism for the body to adapt to fat accumulation,while exercises might promote cell renewal and decrease the average size of fat cells which is an adaptive mechanism to improve fat storage.

Objective To establish the system of inducement, subculture, and plantlets regeneration of callus from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods Compared with the effect of different explants, basic media, and plant growth regulator on the inducement, subculture of callus, and the differentiation of buds. Results MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2—2 mg/L was propitious to the inducement of callus and the ratio of induced callus, for both the leafstalk and lamina, was 100%, but quantity of induced callus was more of The ratio of buds differentiation was 55.6% on the medium of MS+6-BA 2 mg/L, and it could grown into buds directly. B5+6-BA 1 mg/L+2, 4-D 1 mg/L was the better subculture medium of callus. ConclusionSo for the callus inducement, the better explant and medium are leafstalk and MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2—2 mg/L, respectively; For the buds differentiation, the better explant and medium are lamina and MS+6-BA 2 mg/L, respectively; For the subculture of callus, B5+6-BA 1 mg/L+2, 4-D 1 mg/L is better.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of vortioxetine in the treatment of patients with first-episode depression.Methods:From January 2018 to January 2019, 100 patients with depression in outpatients or inpatients of Wenzhou Kangning Hospital were enrolled in the study.According to different treatment methods, they were divided into control group and observation group according to the random digital table method, with 50 cases in each group.The control group was given fluoxetine 20-40mg, qd, and the observation group was treated with vortioxetine.Both two groups were treated for 8 weeks.The pre-treatment subjective cognitive function of the two groups was evaluated.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), homocysteine (Hcy), tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α), 1, 25-hydroxyl vitamin D 3[1, 25-(OH) 2D 3] were detected in two groups.The electrophysiological indicators event-related potential P300 were detected.The Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) was used to evaluate the mental anxiety, mood and physical anxiety of patients before and after treatment in the two groups.The clinical effects of the two groups were evaluated and the adverse reactions were recorded. Results:After treatment for 4 weeks and 8 weeks, the cognitive function scores of the control group were (24.96±2.85)points and (26.18±3.16)points, respectively, which of the observation group were (28.65±3.32)points and (32.66±3.81)points, respectively, which were significantly higher than before treatment(control group: F=14.821; observation group: F=10.632, all P<0.01). The cognitive function scores of the two groups after treatment for 8 weeks were significantly higher than treatment for 4 weeks (control group: t=2.027, P=0.045, observation group: t=5.611, P=0.000). After treatment, the levels of BDNF, Hcy, TNF-α, 1, 25-(OH) 2D 3 in the control group were (29.74±3.62)ng/L, (18.46±2.34)μmol/L, (314.11±15.87)ng/L, (30.69±4.17)ng/mL, respectively, which in the observation group were (34.22±2.85)ng/L, (14.55±2.17)μmol/L, (286.55±10.11)ng/L, (34.92±4.28)ng/m, respectively, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant( t=6.876, 8.663, 10.357, 5.005, all P<0.01). After treatment, the P300 latency and P300 amplitude of the control group were (426.94±4.72)ms, (0.62±-4.31)μV, respectively.which of the observation group were (413.65±3.66)ms, (0.84±-4.76)μV, respectively, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant( t=15.734, 3.048, all P<0.01). After treatment, the HAMD score of the observation group[(10.72±1.53) points] was significantly lower than that of the control group[(12.93±1.84)points]( t=6.530, P<0.01). The effective rate of the observation group was 88.0%(44/50), which of the control group was 86.0%(43/50), the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant( P>0.05). Conclusion:The application of vortioxetine in the treatment of patients with first-episode depression can improve the cognitive function and clinical symptoms of patients, and can also reduce the biochemical indicators of patients.However, the therapeutic effect is similar to that of fluoxetine, but it has less adverse reactions, so it is worthy of promoting.

Objective:To explore the related risk factors of secondary thoracotomy to stop bleeding after rheumatic heart disease valve replacement.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 373 patients in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University who underwent rheumatic heart disease valve replacement surgery from December 2013 to October 2020. According to whether or not to perform secondary thoracotomy to stop bleeding after operation, they were divided into two thoracotomy case group and control group. Collect the relevant clinical data of the patients, and analyze the risk factors that affect the second postoperative thoracotomy to stop bleeding through univariate and multivariate Logistic regression.Results:Among the 373 patients, 62 cases (16.62%) were in the secondary thoracotomy group and 311 cases (83.38%) were in the control group. Univariate analysis showed that the patient' s age, gender, prehospital cardiac function classification, pulmonary artery pressure, hemoglobin value (Hb), prothrombin time (PT), operation time, combined hypertension, intraoperative blood transfusion and postoperative two The occurrence of secondary thoracotomy to stop bleeding was related, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that prehospital cardiac function classification, Hb, PT, and hypertension are the risk factors leading to secondary thoracotomy to stop bleeding after rheumatic heart disease valve replacement. Conclusion:Effective control of risk factors can reduce the incidence of secondary thoracotomy after rheumatic heart disease valve replacement, and reduce the risk caused by secondary operations.

Objective To comprehensively consider the effect of low diverter (FD) implantation on aneurysmal sac and its branches, so as to provide references for making a more reasonable surgical strategy for intracranial aneurysm embolization in clinical practice. Methods Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, the FD implantation procedure was simulated by using porous media model innovatively. Changes in hemodynamic parameters of aneurysmal sac and side branch with different diameters before and after FD implantation were compared and analyzed, such as blood flow field, velocity, wall pressure and wall shear stress (WSS). Results FD changed the hemodynamic characteristics of aneurysms. The blood flow velocity decreased significantly. The WSS on aneurysmal neck increased, while the difference of WSS between proximal and distal cervical area reduced conversely. Different side branch diameters of vessels had different effects on hemodynamic characteristic changes. The larger diameter would cause the greater blood flow reduction in side branch after FD implantation, but the decrease in velocity of aneurysmal sac and pressure on aneurysmal roof became smaller simultaneously. Meanwhile, the increase of WSS on aneurysmal neck was inversely proportional to the diameter of side branch. Conclusions The larger branch diameter of vessels would cause the worse effect of FD embolization therapy for intracranial aneurysm, worse atherosclerosis improvements and greater possibilities of branch occlusion or other ischemic complications. Doctors should pay more attention to such cases in FD interventional intravascular embolization in clinic.