Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with cryptogenic stroke is significantly higher than general population.The close association between cryptogenic stroke and PFO supports the hypothesis that paradoxical embolism is a cause of stroke.However,the detection of PFO alone does not establish the diagnosis of paradoxical embolism in patients with cryptogenic stroke. The risk of ischemic stroke will increase significantly when PFO and other factors coexist.Some studies tave shown that there is significant difference between the MRI lesion patterns in patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO in those without cryptogenic stroke,particularly in multiple ischemic lesions.Therefore,it does not support the theory of paradoxical embolism as a cause of stroke in patients with PFO.The PFO detection methods include transthoracic echocardiography,transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transcranial Doppler (TCD).TCD and TEE have a good consistency.Accordingly,TCD should be recommended as a simple,noninvasive,and reliable technique,while TEE should be only restricted to the selected patients.The treatment options of PFO include antiplatelet drugs,anticoagulant drugs,percutaneous vascular closure,and thoracotomy.Percutaneous vascular closure should only be considered the recurrent events during the medical treatment,the contraindications of medical treatment,and PFO with some anatomical high risks for patients with cryptogenic stroke with PFO before the completion of several large randomized controlled trials.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of SPECT rCBF imaging for acute closed brain injury. Methods SPECT rCBF imaging and X-ray CT were perfomed in 60 patients with acute closed brain injury, and the results of two detection methods were compared. Results Among 60 patients, SPECT examination found 54 cases(90%) of brain lesions, while x-ray CT only found 27 cases(45%). The positive diagnostic rate of SPECT was higher than that of CT(? 2=25.68,P

Objective To compare the results of conservative treatment operation for two groups of tubal pregnancy with laparoscopy and laparotomy. Methods We disparted tubal pregnancy patients into two groups: laparoscopy group(418 cases from August 2001 to December 2004) and laparotomy group(182 cases from January 1998 to July 2001) ,and evaluated the clinical characteristics,the postoperative incidences of persistent ectopic pregnancy, the rate of intra-uterine pregnancy and the rate of ectopic pregnancy. Results In the laparoscopy group,only 1 case arised the postoperative incidences of persistent ectopic pregnancy. In the laparotomy group,6(3. 3% ) out of 182 arised(P 0. 05). Conclusion Laparoscopy has advantage over laparotomy therapy in the conservative operation of tubal pregnancy.

Objective To explore whether arsenic trioxide(As2O3)-induced apopotosis in drug-resistant leukemia K562/ADM cells may induce in through endoplasmic reticulum stress leukemia cell apopotosis.Methods The apoptosis of K562/ADM cells was identified by double staining of FITC-Annexin V and propidium iodide(PI),the ultrastructure of the cells,endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Flow cytometry(FCM) was employed to assess mitochondrial inner membrane potential(??m),intracellular calcium concentration,cytochrome c(Cyt c) release and caspase-3 activity.The expression of GRP78 protein was analyzed by Western blot.Results During the apoptotic process of K562/ADM cells induced with 2 ?mol/L and 5 ?mol/L As2O3,the endoplasmic reticulum exhibited obvious expansion and degranulation,and the mitochondria illustrated inner and outer membranes fusion,reduced and confused cristae,swelling and vacuolization.The mitochondrial ??m decreased,the intracellular calcium concentration and releasing of cytochrome c from mitochondria increased,and caspase-3 was activated.Western blot result indicated upregulation of GRP78 protein at endoplas-mic reticulum in apopototic K562/ADM cells.Conclusion As2O3 can initiate the endoplasmic reticulum stress in K562/ADM cells,and induces to apoptosis of the drug-resistant cell via endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial pathway.

Objective To investigate the role of bacterial flagellin and CD98 in ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods A total of 60 first episode patients with active UC were recruited,including 30 mild and 30 moderate to severe UC cases.The serum of 30 healthy volunteers and normal intestinal tissues surgically removed from 15 colon cancer patients (more than 5 cm away from surgical margins) were collected as control.The content of bacterial flagellin antibodies in peripheral blood were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of CD98 in peripheral blood T lymphocyte was measured by flow cytometry (FACS).The expression of bacterial flagellin protein in intestinal mucosa and CD98 in intestinal epithelial basement membrane was tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC).The comparison between two groups was performed with the SNK-q method,the R×C table x2 test was used to analyze the counted data,and the Spearman correlation was used to analyze the rank materials.Results The peripheral blood concentration of bacteria flagella protein antibody of control group,mild UC group and moderate to severe group showed an upward trend,which was (7.603±2.118) pg/ml,(13.702±3.131) pg/ml and (20.813±3.004) pg/ml respectively,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (F=13.57,P＜0.01).The expression percentage of bacteria flagella protein in intestinal mucosa of the three groups also showed an upward trend,which was 3/15,56.67％ and 73.33％ respectively,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (x2 =11.553,P=0.003).The positive rate of CD98 expression in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of the three groups showed an upward trend,which was (28.42±4.31)％,(32.45±6.71)％ and (43.40±5.09) ％ respectively,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (x2 =10.110,P=0.007).The positive rate of CD98 expression in intestinal epithelial cells of the three groups also showed an upward trend,which was 1/15,36.67 ％ and 66.67％ respectively,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (x2 =5.400,P＜0.05).There was positive correlation between the peripheral blood concentration of bacteria flagella protein antibody and the expression of CD98 in peripheral blood T lymphocytes (r=0.548,P＜0.05).Conclusion Bacterial flagellin and CD98 may be important factors causing inflammatory reaction activity in UC.

Objective To establish the system of inducement, subculture, and plantlets regeneration of callus from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods Compared with the effect of different explants, basic media, and plant growth regulator on the inducement, subculture of callus, and the differentiation of buds. Results MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2—2 mg/L was propitious to the inducement of callus and the ratio of induced callus, for both the leafstalk and lamina, was 100%, but quantity of induced callus was more of The ratio of buds differentiation was 55.6% on the medium of MS+6-BA 2 mg/L, and it could grown into buds directly. B5+6-BA 1 mg/L+2, 4-D 1 mg/L was the better subculture medium of callus. ConclusionSo for the callus inducement, the better explant and medium are leafstalk and MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2—2 mg/L, respectively; For the buds differentiation, the better explant and medium are lamina and MS+6-BA 2 mg/L, respectively; For the subculture of callus, B5+6-BA 1 mg/L+2, 4-D 1 mg/L is better.

Objective:To analyze and summarize the overall results of application and funded projects by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in the field of laboratory medicine from 2010 to 2021.Methods:Application and granting data in the field of laboratory medicine during 2010 and 2021 were collected from NSFC. Amount of funded projects, geographical distribution, supporting institution, distribution of keywords and representative research results in the field of laboratory medicine were analyzed. The overall characteristics of funded project in the past decades were summarized.Results:From 2010 to 2021, NSFC received a total of 7 746 project applications, among which 1 152 projects and a total of 506.317 million RMB were funded in the field of laboratory medicine. Project applications increased from 228 in 2010 to 1 184 in 2021. Among them, the number of funded projects increased from 36 in 2010 to 137 in 2021, accompanied by an increase in the amount of project grants from 10.12 million RMB in 2010 to 65.38 million RMB in 2021, but there is still a gap compared with other disciplines. In the field of laboratory medicine (H26), the sub-disciplines H2605 (molecular biological examination) and H2606 (new technologies and methods for laboratory medicine research) were the two directions with the highest number of funded grants, with a total of 688 grants, accounting for 59.7% (688/1 152) of the total funded grants. Among the region of funding, Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, Chongqing, Zhejiang and Jiangsu were the top six regions with the successful funding, accounting for 60.2% (695/1 152) funded projects. Thirty supporting institutions received 826 grants in the field of laboratory medicine, accounting for 71.7% (826/1 152) funded projects. Among all the funded projects tumors (37.1%, 427/1 152), infectious diseases (26.9%, 310/1 152), circulatory diseases (5.3%, 61/1 152), autoimmune diseases (4.3%, 49/1 152), and endocrine and metabolic diseases (2.8%, 32/1 152) ranked the top disease types of successful funding; proteins (33.4%, 385/1 152), DNA (19.4%, 224/1 152), RNA (17.3%, 199/1 152), exosomes (6.0%, 69/1 152), and cells (5.9%, 68/1 152) ranked the top targets of successful funding; nanotechnology (6.0%, 69/1 152), mass spectrometry (3.0%, 34/1 152), probe technology (1.82%, 21/1 152), electrochemical technology (1.6%, 19/1 152), and second-generation sequencing technology (1.6%, 18/1 152) ranked the top technologies of funded projects. Within the last decade, many breakthroughs have been made by many distinguished national research groups in developing reference ranges, identifying novel biomarkers, and inventing novel laboratory medicine technologies.Conclusions:The number of projects and the total funding amount are increasing annually in the past decade in the field of laboratory medicine granted by NSFC. The funding of different secondary codes, regions and supporting units varies remarkably, and the scope of funded projects is wide. Many research groups have achieved landmark progress in novel biomarker identification and technology development. The overall level of research in the laboratory medicine is expected to be significantly improved in the future.

Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer can induce stronger abscopal effect (AE) and inhibit the growth of tumors outside of radiation field, but the occurrence of AE is distinctly uncommon and unpredictable in clinical practice. The complex molecular mechanism underlying AE remains to be in-depth understood. It has been reported that some new factors are involved in the regulation of AE induced by radiation, but the molecular mechanism has not been fully unravelled. In this article, the roles of macrophages, tumor draining lymph node, p53 and exosomes in the new mechanisms of AE were reviewed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of more effective cancer therapeutics.

Objective:To detect the status of PIK3CA in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) , and to analyze the relationships between PIK3CA mutation and clinical features and its impact on prognosis.Methods:From January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018, 50 patients with primary TNBC admitted to Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province were collected. The PIK3CA mutation status was detected, and the relationships between PIK3CA mutation and clinical characteristics of patients with TNBC and its impact on prognosis were analyzed.Results:PIK3CA gene mutation was detected in 9 of 50 TNBC patients, with a mutation frequency of 18.0%. H1047R mutation was found in 4 cases, E545K mutation in 3 cases and E542K mutation in 2 cases. PIK3CA gene mutation was not associated with age ( χ2=3.55, P=0.060) , tumor location ( χ2=1.01, P=0.315) , tumor size ( χ2<0.01, P>0.999) , lymph node status ( χ2=0.76, P=0.385) , clinical stage ( χ2=0.65, P=0.420) , Ki-67 value ( χ2<0.01, P>0.999) , P53 status ( χ2=0.02, P=0.894) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status ( χ2=1.65, P=0.200) . Prognostic analysis showed that 3-year disease-free survival rates of wild-type PIK3CA patients was significantly higher than that of mutant PIK3CA patients (80.5% vs. 11.1%, χ2=28.23, P<0.001) . Conclusion:The frequency of PIK3CA gene mutation is higher in TNBC patients. There is no correlation between PIK3CA mutation and clinicopathologic features in TNBC patients. PIK3CA gene mutation may be significantly associated with poor prognosis of TNBC patients.

Hypofractionated radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery has become a new standard treatment of early breast cancer. Clinical researches show that α/ β value of breast cancer is lower than that of other tumors,and the breast cancer is more suitable for hypofractionated radiotherapy. Hypofractionated radio-therapy has good economic benefits,and long-term follow-up results from a number of classical randomized con-trolled studies have shown that hypofractionated whole breast irradiation is effective and safe. With the extensive application of hypofractionated irradiation,this technology has been gradually extended to regional nodal irradia-tion,postmastectomy radiotherapy and breast ductal carcinoma in situ.