Objective To investigate the effects of Arctigenin ( ATG ) on concanavalin ( ConA )-stimulated cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in mouse spleen cells, and its possible mechanism. Methods The toxicity of ATG on mouse spleen cells was determined by MTT assay. The inhibition of proliferation was investigated by tritiat-ed thymidine incorporation method. Secreted cytokines (IFN-γand IL-2) were analyzed by ELISA. The associated proteins and phosphorylation levels of mTOR pathway ( mTOR/P70 S6 K/Akt/AMPK/Raptor ) were detected by Western blot. Results ATG had no significant toxicity to mouse spleen cells. ATG significantly inhibited mouse primary spleen cells proliferation induced by ConA. ATG suppressed IL-2 and IFN-γ production of mouse spleen cells in a concentration-dependent manner. ATG remarkably suppressed the phosphorylation of mTOR and P70S6K, and enhanced the phosphorylation of upstream AMPK and Raptor, while the phosphorylation of Akt did not change significantly. Conclusion ATG markedly suppresses the proliferation of mouse spleen stimulated by ConA cells and secretion of IFN-γand IL-2 , which may be correlated to the abilities of enhancing the phosphoryla-tion of AMPK and Raptor, inhibiting the phosphorylation of mTOR and P70S6K.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in females.Recent years,surgery,chemotherapy as well as other systemic therapy had greatly improved the prognosis of the patients.However,damage of ovarian function by chemotherapy lowered life quality,especially for young females.At present,there are several methods to protect the ovarian function of female patients undergoing chemotherapy,such as administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs,ovarian cryopreservation,unfertilized ova cryopreservation,embryo cryopreservation,inhibitors of apoptosis,etc.Each method has its advantage,disadvantage and indications.Issues related to ovarian protection are reviewed here.

Postoperative adjuvant therapy for primary invasive breast cancer patients with synchronous ax-illary metastases is mainly based on the characteristics of biomarker of the primary tumor. Recently, some studies have showed the discordance and clinical significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status between primary breast cancer and synchronous axillary lymph node metastases. As local metastasis, the synchronous axillary metastases may represent the potentially metastatic breast cancer cells much better than the primary tumor. Hence, determination of biomarkers status should be performed in synchronous axillary metastasis, together with primary tumor, to guide therapy management and evaluate the prognosis of primary invasive breast cancer patients with synchronous axillary metastases.

Objective: To understand the pathogen spectrum composition of non-bacterial respiratory infections in Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases. Methods: A total of 592 throat or nasopharynx swab samples were collected from fever patients in Pinghu First People's Hospital from Jamuary 2021 to November 2022. Multiple real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the nucleic acids of rhinovirus (RhV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), adenovirus (ADV), metapneumovirus (MPV), coronavirus (CoV), Boca virus (Boca), enterovirus (EV), influenza virus (Flu), chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) and mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). The detection rates of pathogens and mixed infections in different age groups and seasons were analyzed. Results: A total of 212 samples were tested positive for at least one pathogen's nucleic acid from 592 samples, with a total detection rate of 35.81%. The detection rates of RhV (9.80%), PIV (7.26%), Flu (6.76%), RSV (4.39%) and CoV (3.72%) were relatively high. The detection rates were higher among patients at ages of 0 to 2 years and 3 to 17 years than among patients at ages of 18 to 59 years, and in autumn than in spring and winter (all P<0.05). Twenty-three samples were infected by mixed pathogens, accounting for 3.89%. The mixed infections were all detected two pathogens, with PIV, CoV, RhV, and ADV predominant. Conclusions From 2021 to November 2022, the main pathogens of non-bacterial respiratory infections in Pinghu City were RhV, PIV, FLu, RSV and CoV, and there were mixed infections. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of respiratory infection in infants and children.

Objective:To observe the disinfection efficiency of N-doped nano-TiO2 on the curing light-guide rods.Methods:50 light-guide rods from 6 dental clinics were included,the bacteria adhesion on the light-guide rods before and after disinfection with N-doped nano-TiO2 was investigated using ATP bioluminescence method.Results:The RLU value of light-guide rods exposed to the air was 51 -649 before the use of N-doped nano-TiO2 disinfection,after spraying N-doped nano-TiO2 ,the RLU value of light-guide rods was 0 -6(P <0.01 ).Conclusion:N-doped nano-TiO2 has significant sterilization effect on the curing light-guide rods.

Objective:To determine the status of glucose intolerance in breast cancer patients without DM history after combined treatment with surgery and/or chemotherapy through an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods:All 121 breast cancer patients more than 3 months after combined treatments with surgery and/or chemotherapy and without the diagnosis of diabetes underwent OGTT and fasting. Then, 2 h glucose levels were measured to identify glucose tolerance and diabetes. Meanwhile, six patients with a history of diagnosed diabetes did not undergo OGTT. Results:The median ages of all breast cancer patients and the mean duration after combined treatments with surgery and/or chemotherapy were 50.4 years and 19 months, respectively. Among the 121 breast cancer pa-tients without the history of diabetes, the incidences of diabetes, prediabetes, and normal glucose intolerance were 19.8%(24 cases), 45.5%(55 cases) and 34.7%(42 cases), respectively. Among all breast cancer patients, the incidences of previously diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and prediabetes were 4.72%, 18.9%, and 43.3%, respectively. The ratio of previously undiagnosed diabetes was about 80%. About 80.0% of undiagnosed diabetes and 74.5% of prediabetes met the criteria for elevated 2 h plasma glucose levels through OGTT instead of elevated fasting glucose levels. Conclusion: Breast cancer patients during follow-up after combined treat-ments with surgery and/or chemotherapy highly suffer from glucose intolerance, with high incidences of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes. OGTT should be made for breast cancer patients after combined treatments for early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of di-abetes.

Objective: To explore the correlation between menopausal hormone therapy（MHT）and breast lesions in perimenopausal women,and to provide evidence for safe use of MHT. Methods: The 40-60 year-old women who visited Hangzhou Women's Hospital and met the diagnostic criteria for perimenopausal syndrome were recruited. The intervention group received MHT and was divided into three subgroups according to the MHT regimen：estrogen-progesterone cycle therapy（A）,estrogen-progesterone continuous therapy（B）,estrogen therapy（C）. The control group did not receive MHT. All the patients received regular mammography to quantify and evaluate breast lesions. The generalized estimating equation was used to analyze the changes of breast lesions between different groups. Results: There were 80 cases in the intervention group,with 49 in group A,26 in group B,5 in group C,and 80 cases in the control group. After two years of follow-up,there was no statistically significant differences of time,group and interaction in breast density,volume of breast fibrous tissue and the volume of breast between three intervention groups and the control group（P>0.05）; there was no statistically significant differences of group and interaction in positive rate of calcification and breast mass between the intervention group and the control group（P>0.05）. Conclusion Receiving MHT intervention for two years did not increase the risk of breast lesions.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of abnormally expressed PD-1 on CD 4+CD 2 8+/-T cells in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) . Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected form 50 patients with primary SLE and 40 healthy subjects and used to isolated mononuclear cells. Expression of CD4+CD28-, CD4+CD28+, CD4+CD28+PD-1+and CD4+CD28-PD-1+T cells in peripheral blood samples of the two groups were detected by flow cytometry. Clinical data of SLE patients were collected. Based on SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), SLE patients were classified into two groups: stable group (SLEDAI<10) and active group (SLEDAI≥10). Based on the condition of renal damage, they were also divided into two groups: lupus nephritis group and non-lupus ne-phritis group. Differences in T cell expression were compared among these groups. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the relationships of different T cell subsets with laboratory and clinical parameters rela-ting to SLE and SLEDAI. Results The percentages of peripheral CD4+CD28-, CD4+CD28+PD-1+and CD4+CD28-PD-1+T cells of active group were higher than those of stable and healthy control groups ( P<0. 05). Moreover, patients with lupus nephritis had higher percentages of these T cell subsets than those without (P<0. 01). SLE patients who were positive for anti-dsDNA or anti-SmRNP antibody, or had de-creased complement C3, thrombocytopenia or decreased lymphocytes had higher percentages peripheral CD4+CD28-T cells than those in the corresponding negative group. SLE patients who were positive for anti-dsDNA or anti-SmRNP antibody, or had decreased complement C3, complement C4 or lymphocytes showed en-hanced expression of peripheral CD4+CD28+PD-1+T cells as compared with those in the corresponding nega-tive group. SLE patients positive for anti-dsDNA antibody, or with decreased complement C3 or lymphocytes or suffering from alopecia had higher percentages of peripheral CD4+CD28-PD-1+T cell than those in the cor-responding negative group. Differences between different groups were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion Abnormal expression of CD4+CD28-T cells and PD-1 on CD4+CD28-and CD4+CD28+T cells in peripheral blood of patients with SLE has certain correlation with laboratory parameters and clinical indicators.

Objective: To perform an epidemiological survey of the first case with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Pinghu City of Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province on March 13, 2022, so as to provide insights into the management of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemics. Methods: According to the requirements of the Protocol on Prevention and Control of COVID-19 (8th Edition), epidemiological investigations were performed among 39 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infections in Pinghu City from March 13 to 20, 2022. Cases' demographics, clinical symptoms, history of immunization and exposure were collected, and close contacts were identified. Pharyngeal swabs were sampled from infected cases for detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and whole-genome sequencing, and the source of infection and transmission route were investigated. Results: The index case for this COVID-19 epidemic was an imported case from Shanghai Municipality, who infected 6 persons via aerosol transmission when playing in the badminton venue of Pinghu National Fitness Center on March 9; subsequently, one of these infected cases infected another 18 persons when playing in the badminton venue of Jiadian Village Resident's Fitness Center in Zhapu Township on March 12. Sixteen confirmed cases were reported, and all cases were mild; another 23 asymptomatic cases were diagnosed, with no death reported. This epidemic occurred from March 11 to 20, with 3 generations of spread and a median incubation period of 3 days. The SARS-CoV-2 infected cases had a median age of 33.5 (interquartile range, 12.0) years and included 36 cases with a history of COVID-19 vaccination. There were 16 cases with fever, cough, runny nose and sore throat, and 13 cases with imaging features of pneumonia. The effective reproductive number (Rt) of the COVID-19 epidemic was 7.73 at early stage, and was less than 1 since March 21. Whole-genome sequencing identified Omicron BA.2 variant among 33 cases, which had high homology with the index cases. Conclusion This epidemic was a cluster of COVID-19 caused by imported Omicron BA.2 variant infection from Shanghai Municipality, and the COVID-19 transmission was mainly caused by indoor aerosols.