AIM　To develop a method for the determination of trimebutine maleate in rat plasma by using high performance capillary electrophoresis. The method was employed to pharmacokinetic analysis of trimebutine maleate. METHODS　Plasma samples were deproteinized with acetonitrile (containing ephedrine hydrochloride as internal standard) and the supernatant was dried under N2 stream at 50℃. The residue was dissolved with methanol-water (1∶1) and injected into the capillary by siphon. The electrophoresis was performed in uncoated fused-silica capillary and the voltage was 10 kV. The running buffer was 0.03 mol*L-1 NaH2PO4 (pH 6.0). The eluate was detected at 214 nm by UV detection. RESULTS　The recovery for trimebutine maleate in rat plasma was 72.8%-87.9%. The calibration curve in plasma was linear over the range 5-200 μg*L-1. The limit of quantitation was 5 μg*L-1. The intraday relative standard deviation (n=6) and the interday relative standard deviation (n=18) were less than 14%. The highest concentration in plasma was observed at 30 min after ig trimebutine maleate to rats. The pharmacokinetic results were AUC0-∞=8 μg*min*mL-1, T1/2(Ke)=173 min and Ke=5.6×10-3 min-1. CONCLUSION　The method is accurate, sensitive and suitable for pharmacokinetic study of trimebutine maleate.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of urinary ?1-microglobulin (?1-MG), ?2-micro-globulin (?2-MG), albumin (MA), immunoglobulin G (IGU) and transferritin (TRU), and investigate the correlation between microproteinuria and renal pathological changes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods According to the presence of nephritis, 47 SLE patients who had renal biopsy were divided into two groups: 30 patients with clinical lupus nephritis (OLN), and 17 patient with silent lupus nephritis (SLN). The urinary ?1-MG, ?2-MG, MA, IGU and TRU were measured in SLE patients and compared with healthy control group. The level of microproteinuria and renal biopsy pathological changes in SLE patients were studied. Results ①The levels of urinary ?1-MG, ?2-MG, MA, IGU and TRU had statistical differences between SLE group and healthy control group, OLN group and SLN group, SLN group and healthy control group respectively. ②The levels of urinary MA、TRU、 IGU were significantly higher in WHO class Ⅳ than in class Ⅱ LN, the level of urinary MA was markedly increased in class Ⅳ than in class Ⅲ LN and ?1-MG was significantly different between class Ⅳ and Ⅴ LN. In classⅤ LN, the urinary MA was obviously increased compared with class Ⅱ LN. Conclusion ①The urinary ?1-MG, ?2-MG, MA, IGU and TRU reflects the severity of renal damage in SLE patients and may be used as sensitive markers for early lupus nephritis. ②The measurement of microproteinuria indicates that the difference in severity of renal damage exists among different WHO classes of LN and urinary MA and ?1-MG may be sensitive indicators.

Abstract: Objective To screen and validate the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in peripheral blood Methods - mononuclearcells(PBMCs)ofpatientswithsilicosis. Forty eightpatientswithoccupationalsilicosisatstageⅠ(case group)and45healthycontrols(controlgroup)wereselectedasresearchsubjectsbyrandomnumbertablemethod.PBMCswere-separatedbyFicollPaquegradientcentrifugationfromperipheralblood.Threepeoplefromeachgroupwererandomlyselected for miRNAs transcriptome sequencing. R Studio software was used to screen differentially expressed miRNAs, and FunRich software was used to predict the upstream transcription factors related to the differentially expressed miRNAs in PBMCs. The - Results differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A total of 124 - - differentiallyexpressedmiRNAswerescreened,amongthem,97miRNAswereupregulatedand27miRNAswere down regulated.- The 67 targetgenes predicted by differentialmiRNAs were mainly involved in intracellularprocesses and nucleic acid binding transcriptionfactoractivities,includingcelladhesionmolecules,ratsarcoma,osteoclastdifferentiationandotherpathways.The-------------topfivemiRNAsdifferentiallyupregulatedwerehsamiR1373p,hsamiR500b3p,hsamiR190a5p,hsamiR1413pand------------hsamiR223p.ThetopfivedifferentiallydownregulatedmiRNAswerehsamiR2025p,hsamiR548ai,hsamiR55873p,------hsamiR5705pandhsamiR103983p.ThechangeofthesemiRNAswereconsistentwiththeresultspredictedaccordingto the miRNAs transcriptome sequencing. The transcription factors including specificity protein 1, early growth response 1, zinc Conclusion finger protein 161, etc., were obtained according to the differentially expressed miRNAs. The differentially

The results of RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor ( flk-1 ) in the renal cortex of insulin-resistant rats during the phase of normal blood glucose were significantly increased, which were decreased by telmisartan. The result suggests that telmisartan may ease kidney damage via decreasing VEGF and flk-1 expressions.

Objective To study the differences in body composition and blood lipids between the pre-and post-menopausal women of Maonan ethnicity , and to explore the correlations between body fat content , fat distribution and blood lipids.Methods Totally 200 Maonan pre-and post-menopausal women were randomly selected from Huanjiang county in Guangxi.Body composition were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and blood lipids were tested from blood samples .Results Compared with the pre-menopausal women , the visceral fat level (/area ) , waist-hip ratio (WHR), left (/right) lower limbs fat, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein( LDL-C) in post-menopausal women were significantly higher ( P <0.01 ) , and the detection rate of hypercholesterolemia , mixed hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia in postmenopausal group was also significantly higher ( P<0.01 ) .All the blood lipids were closely related to WHR and visceral fat content (P<0.05 or P<0.01).In addition, TG, high-density lipoprotein ( HDL-C) and LDL-C except TC were significantly correlated to %BF, BMI and subcutaneous fat content ( P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The accumulation of visceral and abdominal fat in Maonan postmenopausal women is significantly correlated to dyslipidemia .The results may provide references for making preventive program for the Maonan women .

Objective .To prove aristolochic (AA) caused vascular endothelial cells (VEC) injury via intracellular calcium overloa-ding and investigate the mechanism of calcium dobesilate antagonism. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured in vitro, and randomly divided into three groups: Control group, AA group, intervention group. Microscope and transmission elec-tron microscopy were used to observe changes of cell morphology and ultrastructure. ELISA method were applied to determine thrombomedu-lin (TM) in cell culture supernatant, fluorescent indicator FLuo-3/AM and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]. Results TM val-ue and average [Ca2+] i of AA group were significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the AA group, when the concentration of calcium dobesilate was 25 μM or 50 μM, TM value and average [Caz +] significantly decreased in intervention group (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, endoplasmic reticulum was pool expansion shaped, and mitochondrial cristae was absent in AA group cells. Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria patterns in the intervention group cells showed some improvement, compared with AA group. Conclusion AA induced VEC calcium overloading, 'I'M secretion and injury of endothelial ceils, endoplasmic reticulum and mito-chondria destruction. Dabesilate calcium could protect endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and reduce AA induced VEC calcium over-loading, and these could protect VEC.

Objective:To detect the factors related to hemocytopenia and interstitial lung disease (ILD) secondary to primary Sj?gren's syndrome (pSS) in in-patients.Methods:Clinical characteristics of patients with pSS hospitalized in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from March 2014 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into different groups according to hemocytopenia and ILD. Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare data in subgroups, and logistic regression were used to detect factors related to hemocytopenia and ILD secondary to pSS. Results:Five hundred and seventy-one inpatients with pSS were included in this study and the female: male ratio was 8∶1. Two hundred and seventy five of included patients had hemocytopenia (48.2%) and 180 patients had ILD (31.5%). Compared with patients without hemocytopenia, patients with hemocytopenia had higher ratio in low C3 [ OR=2.326, 95% CI(1.483, 3.650), P<0.01] and elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [ OR=1.912, 95% CI(1.233, 2.964), PP<0.01) . Compared with patients without ILD, patients with ILD showed higher ratio in male[ OR=2.509, 95% CI(1.269, 4.959), P<0.01) and fatigue [ OR=5.190, 95% CI(5.190, 13.931), P<0.01) , lower positive rate of anti-SSA antibody [ OR=0.392, 95% CI(0.230, 0.668), P<0.01) and anti-CENPB [ OR=0.337, 95% CI(0.145, 0.782), P<0.01] antibodies, and lower ratio in low C3[ OR=0.332, 95% CI(0.189, 0.582), P<0.01]. Conclusion:Low C3 and high ESR may be risk factors for developing hemocytopenia in patients with pSS. Men with pSS may be susceptible to ILD, while pSS patients with ILD may have lower ratio in positive anti-SSA antibody, positive anti-CENPB antibody and low C3. All of these findings are yet to be validated by future prospective cohort studies.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was established for trace analysis of the potential genotoxic impurity chlorocyclohexane in trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride bulk drug, utilizing an RXI-5SIL MS column at isothermal temperature of 60 °C for the entire 6-minute run time.The inlet temperature was 180 °C and a split ratio of 10∶1 was used with the injection volume of 1.0 μL.The selective ion monitoring mode was set at m/z 82 for chlorocyclohexane with a detector voltage of 0.3 kV and an ion source temperature of 240 °C.The method was verified with respect to specificity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), accuracy, precision and robustness.Good linear correlation was achieved with coefficient r of 0.999 9 in the concentration range of 59.72-493 ng/mL.The intra- and inter-day precision was satisfactory (RSD ≤ 5.0%) and robust (RSD ≤ 1.65%).The proposed method in this study can be adequately adopted as a tool for quality assurance of trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride in routine test of potential genotoxic impurity.

Objective To illustrate if the racial coefficient (Rc) be biased by different reference GFR (rGFR) distribution among studies. Methods 1405 white and 321 African American participants in MDRD study and 684 chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients in Chinese eGFR Investigation Study were included.Firstly.the unweighted datasets of white and Chinese were stacked together.rGFR,age and plasma creatinine (Pcr) were log transformed.Linear regression model was constructed using log transformed rGFR as dependent,gender,race and log transformed Pcr and age as independent.Unweighted RC (uRC) for Chinese was calculated.Then.the Chinese CKD distribution of rGFR was weighted to be the same as that in White American.and weighted RC (wRC)for Chinese was calculated.The cases of White.and African-American were stacked together.The cases of African-American were weighted to make the rGFR distribution the same as that in White-American and Chinese population respectively,and RCs for African-American were calculated. Resuits The uRC for Chinese was 1.197(1.180-1.211)and the wRC was 1.130 (1.117-1.143).The two RCs did not overlap with each other.The RCs for African-American were 1.205(1.19-1.219)and 1.233(1.219-1.247)respectively. Conclusions The RCs were influenced by the difference of rGFR distribution.To find out the real RC.an intemational collaborative study iS needed,with the same rGFR measure method.strict control of Pcr measurement,and the same rGFR distribution.

Objective · To compare the efficacy and prognostic factors of HCAG regimen with traditional IA regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Methods · Forty-one patients with AML (aged 55-71 years) were randomly divided into two groups (Group HCAG and Group IA) between 2014 and 2016 for induction and consolidation therapy. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify prognostic factors for relapse-free survival (RFS). Results · A total of 29 patients (70.7%) achieved complete remission (CR). The estimated 2-year overall survival (OS) was 66.8% in Group HCAG and 75.4% in Group IA (P=0.913). The estimated 2-year RFS was 61.8% in Group HCAG and 49.1% in Group IA (P=0.411). Age remained as the unfavorable prognostic factor, leading to significant differences in OS and RFS. In addition, RFS was influenced by cytogenetic/molecular risk stratification. Conclusion · Although HCAG seemed not to particularly benefit the group, the dose reduction of anthracyclines may be applied in elderly patients with comparable short-time outcome. Furthermore, the introduction of homoharringtonine resulted in an improvement of treatment response for more than 20% compared with CAG regimen.