Objective To analyze the sensitized factors in urinemia patients who waiting for renal transplantation.Methods 2429 patients with urinemia from April 2002 to December 2008 were subjected to the detection of panel reactive antibody, and classified into 5 groups according to their clinical data:(A) no history disease group (n = 1097) who never experienced transfusion, pregnancy and transplantation; (B) Transfusion group (n = 361) who received transfusion more than 200 ml; (C) Pregnancy group (n = 481) who experienced pregnancy; (D) Transfusion+ pregnancy group (n= 294) who experienced both pregnancy and transfusion; (E) Re-transplantation group (n = 196) who experienced failed transplantation before, and waited for the second renal transplantation.Results All the males in group A were negative for PRA, and females were weakly positive for HLA Ⅱ antibody.The incidence of PRA production in group B was 15.24 % (55/361).Thirty-nine patients were positive for PRA in group C with the incidence being 8.11 % (39/481).The PRA positive rate in groups D and E was 30.61 % (90/294) and 70.92 % (139/196) respectively.PRA intensity was more than 60 % in 72 patients in group E.Conclusion Transfusion and pregnancy caused lower incidence of PRA positive rate.The incidence was much higher in transfusion + pregnancy patients than that in patients with transfusion or pregnancy alone.Graft caused the higher incidence of PRA than by transfusion and pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the HLA antibody incidence and type renal recipients with different age, and to study the echaracteristics in different age patients, for clinical reference to forecast renal rejection in different age patients. Methods With serum dated from January 2006 to June 2008, patients were classified into three groups: young group, with age below 35 years; middle age group, with age from 36 to 50 years; and old group, with age above 50 years. Penel reactive antibody (PRA) were detected using ELISA. Results Pretransplant HLA antibody incidences in the young, middle age, old group were 18.18%, 23.00% and 6.19%, respectively. In young group, HLA antibody incidences were 5.59% and 8.51% in male and female respectively. In middle age group, they were 21.30% and 25.38% in male and female respectively. In old group, they were 11.36% and 25.00% respectively. HLA Ⅰ and HLA Ⅰ + Ⅱ antibodies were mainly found in all the three groups in pretansplant. Conclusion HLA Ⅰ and HLA Ⅰ + Ⅱ antibodies were mainly found in pretransplant. Antibody incidence was higher in patients who had more than once renal transplant than that in transfusion and pregnancy female. Antibody incidence is higher in female than that in male.

Objective To evaluate in vitro antifungal activities of five clinically common antifungal agents against Geotrichum silvicola,and to observe morphological changes of Geotrichum silvicola after treatment with terbinafine.Methods Five antifungal agents commonly used in clinic,including terbinafine (TER),amphotericin B (AmB),flucytosine (FC),fluconazol (FCZ) and itraconazole (ICZ),were tested in this study.According to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M27-A2 document and relevant literatures,a susceptibility test was performed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the five antifungal agents against G eotrichum silvicola.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe morphological changes of Geotrichum silvicola treated with different concentrations of TER.Results The MIC values against Geotrichum silvicola were as follows:TER,0.01 μg/ml;AmB,0.4 μg/ml;FC,2 μg/ml;FCZ,2.69 μg/ml;ICZ,0.25 μg/ml.Geotrichum silvicola was sensitive to TER,AmB,FC and FCZ,and sensitive to ICZ in a dose-dependent manner.SEM revealed that after TER treatment,the surface of Geotrichum silvicola became rough and shrinking with irregular defects and holes,and even gave a fragment-like appearance.Conclusions Among the five tested antifungal agents,TER shows the strongest activity against Geotrichum silvicola.Within a certain range,the higher the concentration of TER,the more serious the damage to Geotrichum silvicola.

Objective To investigate the expression difference of microRNA -21 (miRNA-21) in patients with chronic cardiac function and analyze its clinical significance. Methods Patients with chronic heart failure (trial group,150 cases) and the subjects without chronic heart failure (control group,45 cases) were enrolled. Patients with chronic heart failure were divided into three subgroups according to NYHA: group A (heart function classⅡ,49 cases),group B (classⅢ, 51 cases) and group C (class Ⅳ, 50 cases). miRNA-21 levels were detected by qRT-PCR method. The levels of B type natriuretic peptide urea (BNP),left ventricular end diastole diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were determined. Results miRNA-21 expression in patients with heart failure were higher than that of control group (P < 0.01),and miRNA-21 expression in group C was higher than that of group A.Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between expression of BNP (r = 0.763,P < 0.01), LVEDD (r = 0.691,P<0.01), and the level of miRNA-21 in patients with chronic heart failure.And a negative correlation between LVEF value and the level of miRNA-21 (r = -0.918,P < 0.01). Conclusion miRNA-21 might be a potential marker for diagnosis of heart failure and could be a basis for reference about prognosis evaluation.

Objective:To investigate the effect of 12(S)-HETE on the p27~(kip1) expression in mesangial cells and glomeruli.Methods:Mesangial cells were exposed to 12(S)-HETE.12(S)-HETE was infused to rats by osmotic mini-pump.Total protein content measurement for cell hypertrophy,RT-PCR for mRNA expression and Western blot for protein expression were performed respectively.Results:12(S)-HETE stimulation induced mesangial cell hypertrophy and p27~(kip1) protein expression,but not p27~(kip1) mRNA expression.Furthermore,p27~(kip1) mRNA and protein expression in the glomeruli were significantly increased by 12(S)-HETE stimulation using osmotic mini-pump.Conclusion:12(S)-HETE plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerular cell hypertrophy and senescence through upregulation of p27~(kip1) expression.

Objective To investigate the effect of 12-lipoxygenase(12-LO) on the p27Kip1 expression in diabetic glomeruli. Methods Mesangial cells were exposed to 12-LO product 12 (S)-HETE (10-7 mmol/L) with or without p38 MAPK (p38) inhibitor (SB203580, 1 μmol/L) for 24 hours. Rats fed with high fat diet received low dose streptozotoein (ST-Z, 35 mg/kg, IP injection) to develop type 2 diabetes and were divided into 2 groups: low dose STZ, low dose STZ+12-LO inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cynanocinnamate (CDC, 8 mg/kg) treatment. Rats fed with regular chow were divided into two groups: controls, CDC treatment. The rats received injection of CDC or vehicle subcutaneously in the hind leg. CDC or vehicle injection was performed three times weekly on alternate days. All the rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks, Wild type and 12-LO knockout C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: wild type control, 12-LO knockout, STZ-induced wild type type 1 diabetes and STZ-induced 12-LO knockout type 1 diabetes. All the mice were sacrificed after 16 weeks. Urine, blood, kidney cortical tissue and isolated glomeruli by sieving method were collected at the end of study respectively. Western blot and immunohistochemistry for target protein were performed respectively. Results Inhibition of p38 activation could significantly reduce p27Kip1 expression induced by 12 (S)-HETE in mesangial cells (P<0.01). Increased glomerular volume, microalbuminuria, elevated glomeluli p38 activation, p27Kip1 expresssion in type 2 diabetic glomeruli was decreased after CDC treatment (P<0.01). Compared with wild type diabetic mice, glomerular p38 activation, p27Kip1 exprcsssion and extracellular matrix accumulation in the 12-LO knockout diabetic mice were significantly decreased (P <0.01, respectively). Conclusions 12-LO induces p27kipl expression via p38 pathway in diabetic glomeruli.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the causes of misdiagnosing xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) as carcinoma of gallbladder.Methods Clinical data of 33 XGC patients admitted from 1996 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed, among them 10 patients were misdiagnosed as carcinoma of the gallbladder preoperatively and intraoperatively. Results All these 10 patients underwent preoperative ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). Both ultrasound and CT were suggestive of carcinoma of the gallbladder in 5 cases, and chronic cholecystitis in one case. The ultrasound was suggestive of carcinoma while CT diagnosed as chronic cholecystitis in 2 cases. CT suggested a carcinoma while ultrasound was suggestive of cholecystitis in other 2 cases. Thickened gallbladder wall and dense carcinoma-like adhesions was unanimous phenomena. Cholecystectomy and partial hepatic wedge resection was performed in 3 cases; Six cases underwent cholecystectomy and partial hepatic wedge resection plus regional lymphadenectomy. One case received partial cholecystectomy, cholecystoenterostomy, and partial transverse colectomy. XGC was definitely diagnosed by postoperative pathological examination in all of patients. Conclusions XGC mimics the imaging features (CT, ultrasonography) and gross findings of gallbladder carcinoma making a misdiagnosis. Definite diagnosis of XGC is dependent on postoperative pathology.

Objective To investigate the expression of protease-activated receptors (PARs) in colon mucosal tissue of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS). Methods Colon mucosa tissues were obtained from 28 D-IBS patients and 18 normal controls by colonoscopy.The expression of PARs was detected using Western blotting and real-time PCR. Data were analysed by SPSS 18. 0 softwave, and comparisons between groups were done using Mann-Whitney U test.Results There was no difference in expression of PAR1 between D-IBS patients and normal controls (P=0. 300). The expressions of PAR2 and PAR4 were higher in D-IBS patients than those in normal controls (0.99±0.67 vs 0.63±0.38, P=0.038 and 0.37±0. 14 vs 0.25±0. 11, P=0.013,respectively). The results of real-time PCR were in accordance with those of Western blotting.Conclusion The increased expressions of PAR2 and PAR4 in colon mucosa of D-IBS patients indicate that these two PAR receptors may be involved in the process of D-IBS.

Objective To investigate the effects of curcumine treatment on the expression of TNF-α in the peritoneum of acute peritonitis rats. Methods The rats were intrapertoneally injected Staphylococcus epidemidis (S.epidermidis) for the mixlelization of acute peritonitis. After a survival time of 3,6,12,24 and 48 hours,TNF-α expression in the peritoneum was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR in the rats of curcumin treatment group and non-curcumin treatment group. Results TNF-a expression showed time-dependent increase at 6,12,24 hours after the infection in the non-curcumin treatment group. In curcumin treatment group,TNF-α expression decreased at 6,12,24 hours after infection compared to non-curcumin treatment group. Conclusion Curcumin may be a protective agent in acute peri-tonitis induced by S.epidermidis.

Objective： Our aim was to purity the modifier protein of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase　(G3PD)　from African green monkey Vero-E6 line. Methods：Exposure of Vero-E6 cells to medium with a reduced K concentration (3.2 mmol/L) stimulated the growth and activation of G3PD. The increase of enzyme activity was mediated by a cytosolic modifier protein that was purified using affinity and anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatograph. Results：The apparent molecular mass of the protein was 62 kDa. Western blotting and quantiative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the amount of modifier protein increased progressively for 2 hours in cells exposed to low-K+ medium, and then returned to the control value, a kinetic profile similar to that the modifier protein is a constituent of renal epithelial cells and accummulated transiently in the low-K+ mitogenic signal. Conclusion: We obtained a modifer protein from monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero-E6). It could activate G3PD and cell growth.