Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous subclavian venous catheterization through the point of insertion medial to the middle of clavicle in infants.Methods One hundred and fifty infants(88 male,62 female)aged 1-12 months scheduled for major operation were enrolled in this study. Subclavian venous catheterization was performed via supraclavicular approach.The needle was inserted at a point midway between the middle of clavicle and the inner third of clavicle(group Ⅰ,n=50)or at the point where the posterior border of sterno-cleidomastoid muscle(SCM)meets the upper border of clavicle(Yoffa method group Ⅱ, n=50)or at the posterior border of SCM,0.5-1.0 cm above the upper border of clavicle(modified James method,group Ⅲ,n=50).The overall success rate,the success rate at first attempt,the failure rate,the depth of insertion and complications were recorded.Results The 3 groups were comparable with respect to sex ratio,age and body weight.There were no significant differences in overall success rate and failure rate among the 3 groups. The success rate at first attempt in group Ⅰ(86%)was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ(74%)and group Ⅲ(80%)(P＜0.05).The depth of insertion was significantly greater in group Ⅰ[(2.21+0.28)cm]than in group Ⅱ[(1.79?0.33)cm]and group Ⅲ[(1.84?0.38)cm].No pneumothorax and in advertent arterial puncture and nerve injury occurred in the 3 groups.Conclusion Supraclaricular subclavian venous catheterization through the insertion point medial to the middle of clavicle is better than the conventional methods(Yoffa,James) in terms of success rate at first attempt in infants.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of catheterization of subclavian vein via supra-clavicular puncture in children less than six years of age, in comparison with subclavian vein catheterization via infraclavicular puncture and cannulation of internal jugular vein (IJV) from a high medial approach. Methods One hundred and eighty children (104 male, 76 female) aged 15 d-6 yr, undergoing major surgery were randomly divided into 3 equal groups of 60 patients: group I subclavian vein catheterization via supra-clavicular puncture; group Ⅱ subclavian vein catheterization via infra-clavicular puncture and group Ⅲ IJV catheterization from a high medial approach. (1) The overall success rate of puncture, (2) the success rate of puncture at first attempt, (3) the success rate of cannulation, (4) the duration from beginning of puncture to aspiration of blood, (5) the duration from the beginning of puncture to successful cannulation and (6) complication were recorded. Chest X-ray was taken in 30 patients in group I for confirmation of the position of catheter in subclavian vein. Results (1) The overall success rate of puncture was 100% and the success rate of puncture at first attempt was 86.67% in group I significantly higher than those in group Ⅱ (91.96% and 51.67%) and group Ⅲ (93.33% and 58.33%) (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of simvastatin and atorvastatin on clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).Methods A total of 135 patients with BPH and MS aged 60 years and over were divided into three groups:simvastatin group (n=45,40 mg/d),atorvastatin group (n=45,20 mg/d) and control group (n=45).BMI,waist circumference,blood pressure,levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL C),high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),interleukin 6 (IL-6),testosterone,estradiol,prostate specific antigen (PSA) and international prognostic scoring system (IPSS) and prostate volume were detected before and 12 months after treatment.Results Compared with control group,patients receiving simvastatin or atorvastatin for 12 months showed that the levels of serum TC,TG,LDL-C,hs-CRP,IL-6,IPSS were decreased(all P＜0.05),the level of serum HDL-C level were increased (all P＜0.05),and prostate volume was reduced(P＜0.05).The decrease in prostate volume was more in patients receiving simvastatin than receiving atorvastatin [(10.86±5.65) ml vs.(5.91 ± 3.03)ml,P＜0.05].Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the reduction of prostate volume was positively related to the decreases of serum TC and IL-6 levels,and to the increase of serum HDL-C level.Conclusions Simvastatin and atorvastatin have the efficacy reducing prostate volume and improving obstruction symptoms of lower urinary tract,and slowing the clinical progression of BPH and simvastatin is more effective than atorvastatin on reducing prostate volume.The efficacies of statins might be through lowering cholesterol level and antiinflammatory effect.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of curcumin on secretion of adiponectin (APN) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human adipose tissues cultivated in vitro. METHODS: Seven male patients with kidney stones were admitted. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and perirenal adipose tissue were collected from the operating-patients, and were cultivated with different concentrations of curcumin (10 and 100 microg/ml) in vitro. The contents of APN and IL-6 in the culture medium of adipose tissue cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after they were cultured for 6 and 24 hours. RESULTS: Compared with the blank control group, the content of APN in the adipose tissue culture medium was increased by 100 microg/ml curcumin (P<0.05) after 6-hour culture, and the content of IL-6 was significantly decreased by 100 microg/ml curcumin after 6- and 24-hour culture (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: 100 microg/ml curcumin can increase APN secretion and decrease IL-6 secretion in human adipose tissues cultivated in vitro.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of subchronic exposure to aluminum(Al)on learning, memory,and immediate early gene expression in rats,and to explore the toxic mechanism of Al on cognitive impairment of rats. METHODS Wistar offspring rats were administered with 2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g?L-1 AlCl3 in milk and drinking water in sequence from the postnatal day 1 to 3 months. Then,learning and memory of offspring rats were measured by Morris water maze, the hippocampal Al concentration was quantitated by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the CA1 area of the hippocampus was collected for HE observation, and the c-fos gene and c-Fos protein expression in CA1 area of the hippo?campus in offspring rats were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Learning and memory of offspring rats in AlCl3 groups were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.01,P<0.05). The hippocampal Al concentrations of offspring rats in AlCl3 groups were higher than those in control group(P<0.01). The morphology in CA1 area of offspring rats′ hippocampus in AlCl3 groups exhibited sparse nerve fibers, depigmentation and even vacuolar degeneration in neurons and other pathological changes after Al treatment;c-fos mRNA expression in the hippocampus in 4.0 and 8.0 g?L-1 AlCl3 group rats was significantly lower than in control and 2.0 g?L-1 AlCl3 group, respectively(P<0.01). c-Fos protein expression in offspring rats′ hippocampus in AlCl3 exposed groups was significantly lower compared with control group(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Al can injure learning and memory of rats,which is related to hippocampal neuronal dysfunction in CA1 area induced by pathological changes,low levels of c-fos gene and c-Fos protein expression subsequently.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of metabolic syndrome (MS) on the occurrence and development of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).Methods 101 elderly BPH patients were divided into two groups:BPH (n = 45) and BPH with MS (n= 56)group.The effects of metabolic indexes,including body mass index (BMI),waist,high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),fasting blood glucose (FBS) and insuline resistance index (H()MA-IR),on prostate volume(PV),prostate-specific antigen (PSA),international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were surveyed in BPH patients.Results BPH with MS group showed significantly higher values of PV (t = 3.22,P= 0.003)and longer course of LUTS (t= 2.02,P =0.046) than BPH group.The BPH patients with overweight and obesity had significantly higher levels of PV(49.44±26.83 ml and 51.7±22.2 ml,P=0.021 and 0.043) than BPH patients with normal weight (38.10 ± 10.64 ml).Additionally,BPH patients with abdominal obesity had significantly higher levels of PV than BPH patients without abdominal obesity(50.26±26.51 ml vs.38.99± 11.25ml,P=0.005).BPH patients with low HDL-C had significantly higher PV than BPH patients with normal HDL-C[(54.23±28.92)ml vs.(40.40± 14.87) ml,P=0.009].The values of PV,PSA in the BPH patients with elevated FBS were significantly higher than in BPH patients with normal FBS (t=3.17 and 2.4I,P= 0.035 and 0.013).BPH patients with insuline resistance (IR) had higher values of PV and longer courses of LUTS than BPH patients without IR (t= 3.43 and 3.58,P-0.001).The PV was positively correlated with BMI(r= 0.459.P= O.OOO),FINS (r= 0.42,P=O.OOI),HOMA-IR (r= 0.49,P= 0.003) and gatively correlated with HDL-C (r= 0.38,P-0.000)- Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that PV was closely correlated with HOMA-IR.ConclusionsMS has evident effects on the occurrence and development of BPH.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of the volatile oil from nutmeg on liver microsomal cytochrome P450 in mice.

METHODMice were administered the volatile oil from nutmeg at 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 mg x g(-1), respectively, twice a day for 10 days. And then, the contents of liver microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP), cytochrome b5 (Cytb5), MDA and GST in serum were examined by UV chromatography method.

RESULTThe contents of liver CYP, Cytb5 and GST in serum were increased significantly (P < 0.01) and the contents of MDA was reduced significantly (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe volatile oil from nutmeg showed induction effect on the hepatic microsomal CYP in mice.

Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Cytochromes b5 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Male ; Mice ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Myristica fragrans ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; pharmacology ; Plant Oils ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of administration of rosiglitazone, an artificial ligand of PPARγ, on the expression and secretion of apolipoprotein (apoM) in fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rats, an animal model for type 2-like diabetes. METHODS: Healthy male SD rats were divided into 4 groups: a control group (n=7), a high-fat chow group (HF group, n=8), a diabetes mellitus group (DM group, n=7), and a diabetes mellitus group with rosiglitazone intervention group (RSG group, n=7). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were measured at the beginning of the study. The diabetic rats model was established by feeding high fat chow and intraperitoneal injection of streprozotocin. Then the randomly selected treatment group was given rosiglitazone by daily gavage for 8 weeks. All the rats were killed at the fifteenth week, at which time blood and tissues (liver, kidney, adipose) were collected and prepared. The levels of FBG, FINS, TG and TC were assayed. The level of apoM in serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine apoM mRNA expression in liver, kidney, and adipose tissues. RESULTS: Compared with either control group or HF group, serum apoM concentration in the DM group was reduced significantly (P<0.05); compared with the DM group, however, serum apoM concentrations in RSG group were increased (P<0.05). The expression of apoM mRNA in liver was highest, in kidney medium, and in adipose tissue extremely low (P<0.05). ApoM mRNA expression in liver and kidney was decreased in both DM and HF groups compared to control group (P<0.05). But, as with serum apoM concentration, apoM mRNA in the liver, kidney and adipose tissues of the RSG group were all increased markedly (P<0.05). The level of serum apoM in SD rats correlated negatively with TG (r=-0.466, P=0.011), TC (r=-0.568, P= 0.001), FBS (r =-0.371, P<0.001), and FINS(r=-0.768, P= 0.048 ). CONCLUSION These results suggest that apoM may participate in the glucose and lipid metabolism by the regulation of PPARγ.
Animals ; Apolipoproteins ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Apolipoproteins M ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Dietary Fats ; administration & dosage ; Lipocalins ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; PPAR gamma ; agonists ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rosiglitazone ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use

Background It is a research hotspot to study the changes of metabolites and metabolic pathways in the process of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) by metabonomics and to explore its pathogenesis. Objective To study the change of metabolites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with CWP and explore the metabolic regulation mechanism of the disease. Methods Patients with CWP who met the national diagnostic criteria according to Diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis (GBZ 70-2015) and underwent massive whole lung lavage were selected as the case group, and patients with tracheostenosis who underwent bronchoscopy were selected as the control group. BALF samples were collected from the cases and the controls. After filtering out large particles and mucus, the supernatant was stored in a −80 ℃ refrigerator. The samples were detected and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after adding extraction solution, cold bath ultrasonication, and high-speed centrifugation, and the metabolic profiles and related data of CWP patients were obtained. The differential metabolites related to the occurrence and development of CWP were screened by multiple statistical analysis; furthermore, we searched the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database for potential metabolic pathways involved in the progression. Results There was no significant difference in the general conditions of the subjects, such as weight, height, age, and length of service among the stage I group, the stage II group, the stage III group, and the control group (P˃0.05). When comparing the CWP stage I group with the control group, 48 differential metabolites were screened out, among which 14 were up-regulated and 34 were down-regulated. A total of 66 differential metabolites were screened out between the patients with CWP stage II and the controls, 14 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated differential metabolites. Compared with the control group, 63 differential metabolites were screened out in the patients with CWP stage III, including 11 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated differential metabolites. There were 36 differential metabolites that may be related to the occurrence of CWP, among which 11 differential metabolites were up-regulated, and 25 were down-regulated. Four significant differential metabolic pathways were identified through KEGG database query: linoleic acid metabolic pathway, alanine metabolic pathway, sphingolipid metabolic pathway, and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. Conclusion The metabolomic study of BALF show that there are 36 different metabolites in the occurrence and development of CWP, mainly associating with linoleic acid metabolism, alanine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways.

Background Pneumoconiosis is a widespread occupational disease in China at present. As a type of lung diseases, its pathological damage is mainly irreversible fibrotic changes in the lungs. Several studies have shown that the occurrence and development of lung diseases such as coal workers' pneumoconiosis are closely related to intestinal flora. Objective To observe intestinal flora of coal workers' pneumoconiosis patients based on the results of 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing and evaluate the changes of intestinal flora after treatment with tetrandrine tablets. Methods A total of 80 patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis attending the outpatient clinic of the Department of Occupational Diseases of the Emergency General Hospital from April to July 2022 were enrolled. All patients were treated with tetrandrine tablets for 4 weeks, with group A before the treatment of tetrandrine tablets and group B after the treatment. In the same period, 24 healthy controls (group C) were set up. Stool samples were collected before and after the treatment. Using 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing, gene V3-V4 sequencing technology, and bioinformatic analysis platform, we evaluated the intestinal flora after treatment by groups. Results The dominant flora at the phylum level and genus level were the same across three groups. The relative abundances of phylum Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Facealibacterium in groups B and C were higher than those in group A, and the relative abundances of phy-lum Actinobacteria, genus Blautia, and genus Romboutsia in groups B and C were lower than those in group A (P＜0.05). The relative abundances of genus Clostridium, genus Megamonas, and genus Lactobacillus in group C was lower than that in groups A and B (P＜0.05). The alpha diversity analysis showed that the Chao1 index was higher in group A than in group C (P＜0.01). Compared with group A, the Shannon index was higher in group B, and the increases of Simpson index were all statistically significant in stage I patients (P＜0.05), but the differences in Chao1 index were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). The differences in the values of Chao1 index, Shannon index, and Simpson index in stage Ⅱ and stage III patients were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). The beta diversity analysis showed that the difference in flora structure between group A and group C was statistically significant (P＜0.05); the differences in flora structure before and after treatment in the same stage patients were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that there were significant differences between group A and group C, and between group A and group B. The LEfSe analysis showed that the significant markers contributing to the differences were basically the same in stage I, stage Ⅱ, and stage Ⅲ after treatment, which were mainly phylum Bacteroidetes and its subordinate groups, class Negativicutes, or-der Selenomonas, and genus Facealibacterium. Conclusion There are differences in the distribution of flora between coal workers' pneumoconiosis patients and healthy individuals, and the structure and relative abundance of intestinal flora are changed and the number of beneficial flora is increased after treatment with tetrandrine tablets.