Objective To explore the effects of TNF alpha on the expression of sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1c, SREBP-1c mRNA and the content of triglyceride (TG) in the models of cultured steatosis hepatocytes. Methods Steatosis models of hepatocytes were established by adding oleic acid to the growing L-02 cells, and then cultured in present with TNF alpha or its antibody. The expressions of SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) mRNA were measured with RT-PCR, lipid droplets in the hepatocytes were observed with oil red staining and the TG contents in hepatocytes were measured with analyzed kit. Results SREBP-1c mRNA was upregulated in the TNF alpha treatment group in comparison with the normal control group(P

Objective To evaluate the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of metastatic adrenal carcinoma. Methods The data of 11 cases of metastatic adrenal carcinoma who were admitted from December 1993 to March 2003 were reviewed,including 4 cases of lung carcinoma,5 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma,1 case of bile duct carcinoma and 1 case of renal cell carcinoma.The main clinical manifestations were waist pain in 3,fatigue and weight loss in 3,hematuria in 1 and no symptom in 4.All the 11 cases underwent B-ultrasonography and CT scan,of whom 2 underwent positron emission tomography (PET).All patients were treated by surgical operation,including 9 cases by total adrenalectomy,1 case by palliative adrenalectomy and 1 bilateral metastatic case by left-adrenalectomy alone. Results In 5 cases by total adrenalectomy the survival time was 6 to 63 months with a mean of 34 months.Two cases were followed up for 2 to 16 months and 2 cases were lost with follow-up.One case by palliative adrenalectomy survived for 3 months.One bilateral metastatic case by left-adrenalectomy survived for 4 months. Conclusions Ultrasonography and CT are important in the diagnosis of metastatic adrenal carcinoma,and PET is of greater value in clinical practice.Complete adrenalectomy may be the best treatment choice to prolong the survival time.

Objective To discuss the safety of nephron sparing surgery for central renal tumors. Methods Thirty-eight cases of partial nephrectomies for central type renal masses were performed.One hundred and seventeen cases of partial nephrectomies with peripheral type renal tumors were compared. Results For the patients with central renal tumors,mean operative time was 118 minutes.Mean isehemic time was 34 minutes.Mean blood loss was 150 ml.The major postoperative complication included leakage of urine(1 case).For the patients with peripheral based tumors,mean operative time was 95 minutes.Mean ischemic time was 21 minutes(only renal artery clamped)and 17 minutes(complete block).Mean blood loss was 250 ml(only renal artery clamped)and 100 ml(complete block).The major postoperative complication included postoperative bleeding(4 cases). Conclusion According to the standard operative procedure,the nephron sparing surgery for central renal tumors is a safe procedure.

Aim To detect the effect of Bio on impro-ving insulin resistance and explore its molecular mech-anism. Methods The HepG2 liver cells were derivat-ed by high concentration insulin to establish the insulin resistance cell model, and the cells were intervened by Bio. The glucose consumption was measured by glu-cose oxidase and peroxidase ( GOD-POD) assay. The expression of PPARγmRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of PPARγ protein was detected by Western blot method. Results The glucose consump-tion was significantly decreased in the insulin resist-ance cells after incubated with 1 . 72 × 10 -5 mol · L-1 insulin ( P<0. 05 ) . 10 -5 ,10 -6 ,10 -7 mol · L-1 Bio increased the glucose consumption 135%,62%,39%separately in the insulin resistance cells. RT-PCR a-nalysis of PPARγ showed that Bio raised the PPARγmRNA. Western blot analysis displayed that the pro-tein of PPARγ with Bio was increased. Conclusion Bio can improve the insulin resistance of the HepG2 cells, and the molecular mechanism may be relevant with raising PPARγ expression.

0.05).In the 3 recipients who developed acute rejection,the levels of P and GB relative expression were 1 923?326 and 489?57 respectively,which were significantly higher than those before rejection ( P

Objective To study the feasibility of renal hypothermia achieved by retrograde icecold saline infusion with perfusion pump. Methods Twenty-one patients who received the open radical nephreetomy were divided into three groups,A group with ice-slush renal hypothermia,B group with gravitational retrograde ice-cold infusion,C group with retrograde ice-cold infusion by perfusion pump.After the kidney was dissected and the ureter was divided,the renal vasculars were clamped.The kidney was cooled by three methods respectively.The temperature of renal parenchyma was monitored for 15 min. Results Fifteen minutes later,the temperature of renal parenchyma of A group declined from 34.4℃ to 5.4℃,B group from 34.8℃ tO 23.8℃,C group from 35.1℃ to 22.3℃.Coneiusions Renal hypothermia can be achieved by retrograde cold saline infusion and the perfusion pump may accelerate the speed of cooling.

Objective:To study the inhibitory and apoptosisinducing effect of vitamin E succinate(VES) on androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vitro.Methods: VES was dissolved with ethanol to obtain VES solution.PC-3 cells of logarithmic growth phase were treated with various concentrations of VES solution(25,50,75,100,and 125mg/L);cells in control group were treated with 1.25% ethanol.MTT method was used to measure the viability and inhibitory rate of cells in each group 24h,48h and 72h after VES treatment;flow cytometry was employed to determine the apoptosis rate of the PC-3 cells.Results: The viability of cells in the experimental groups was significantly lower than that in the control group(P

Objective:To investigate the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 in metastasis of renal cell carcinoma and to observe the intracellular location of different CXCR4 segments in renal carcinoma cells.Methods:The potential nuclear localization sequences of different CXCR4 were discovered by nuclear localization software and experiments.Full length and truncated forms of CXCR4 were fused with green fluorescent protein pEGFP-N1 and their influence on subcellular localization was examined by confocal microscopy after transfecting them into renal carcinoma cell line A498.Results:Analysis with PSORT Ⅱ Prediction revealed that the nuclear localization sequence region of CXCR4 was located between amino acids 146 and 149(RPRK).Expression products of the recombinant plasmids with SDF-1 stimulation,including EGFP-CXCR4(1-510 bp),EGFP-CXCR4(1-765 bp) and wild-type EGFP-CXCR4,were mainly located in the cell nuclei.However,expression product of EGFP-CXCR4(1-267 bp) with SDF-1 stimulation was mainly located in the renal cell cytoplasm.Expression product of wild-type EGFP-CXCR4 full length plasmid without SDF-1 stimulation was mainly located in the cell cytoplasm;these results accorded with the results of bioinformatics analysis.Conclusion:Nuclear localization sequence of CXCR4 is located in the amino acids 90 to 170,which provides a theoretical basis for further clarifying the nuclear localization sequences of CXCR4 in renal cell carcinoma cells and for finding new potential target for inhibiting the metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of retroperitoneal laparoscopic and open radical nephrectomy in patients with T1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods 352 patients under-went radical nephrectomy for T1 RCC, 185 by retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy(group A) and 167 by open radical nephrectomy through an extraperitoneal flank incision(group B). The op-eration time, blood loss during operation, hospital stay and complication after surgery were analyzed and compared. All the cases were followed up for 6-42 months(median, 25 months) and the survival rates were recorded. Results The operation time of group A, B was 55-130(75.6±11.2)min vs. 50-140(68.0±10.6)min(P0.05). Blood loss was 50-1200(110.6±32.3)ml vs. 50-1500 (160.8±38.1)ml(P<0.05). Eight cases of group A and 132 cases of group B took analgesic after surgery(P<0.05). The fasting period was 1-2(1.3±0.5)day vs. 2-5(2.9±1.2)d of group B (P<0.05)ilengthof hospital stay was 3-7(4.6±1.2)d vs. 7-14(8.9±1.6)d(P<0.05). The survival rate was 85.4 % vs. 86.2% (P0.05). Conclusions Compared with open radical nephrec-tomy, retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is associated with lower blood loss, narcotic requirement and complications, a shorter hospital stay and earlier resumption of routine activities. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nrphrectomy has become a gold standard therapy in T1 renal cell carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) with holmium laser lithotripsy in managing symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi. Methods The records of 23 patients by flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) with holmium laser lithotripsy in managing symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi from January 2008 to December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.The 23 cases included 15 males and 8 females,aged from 23 to 68 years.All patients had unilateral calyceal diverticulum stone,with 11,9,and 3 cases had a caliceal diverticular stone in the upper pole,midkidney,and lower pole,respectively.Sand-like stones were observed in most caliceal diverticular.The diameter of the largest stone was 18.9 mm.The presenting symptoms were flank pain,recurrent urinary tract infections,and hematuria.One week before operations,all patients was placed Double-J stent and underwent intravenous urography and renal computed tomography (CT).The ureteral access sheath was placed firstly during operation,and then ureterorenoscope was inserted into the renal pelvis.The diverticular neck was incised with holmium laser if needed,and a 200um holmium laser fiber was used to crush diverticular stone. Results Flexible ureterorenoscopes were successfully placed in all patients.Postoperatively,15 (65.3％patients were rendered stone free (SF),5 patients had clinically insigni? cant residual fragmentsless than 4 mm )( CIRF),and a residual fragment (RF) was found in three patients.The success rate ( SF ± CIRF) was 87.0％.All patients were symptom free after operation.The average operative time and hospital stay were 60 minutes and 3.5 days,respectively.No severe complications occured.A follow-up of 6 -12 months showed no recurrence. Conclusions F-URS using a holmium laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective,and may be offered as a first line therapy for symptomatic caliceal diverticula calculi.