Objective To study the mechanism of occurrence of the multifocal bladder cancers. Methods The expressions of p21,p53 and EMA in twenty specimens from 5 cases of multifocal bladder cancers were studied by means of immunohistochemistry. Results In 4 of 5 cases, the expressions of p21 and p53 were correspondent in scattering specimens from the same patient. In all the 5 cases, the expressions of EMA were correspondent in scattering specimens from the same patient. Conclusions Multifocal bladder cancer may originate from the same monocolone.

Objective · To observe the change of serum complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein1 (CTRP1) level and explore its relationship with serum adiponectin (APN) level in elderly male metabolic syndrome (MS) patients. Methods · Clinical data of 279 male objects (60-90 years old) were analyzed retrospectively, serum CTRP1 and APN levels of all objects were tested by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). The patients were divided into three groups, i.e. 105 MS patients (MS group), 90 MS patients combined with hypertension (HMS group), and 84 non-MS patients (control group). All general information, including height, body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and serum three acyl glycerin (TAG) were recorded, in order to calculate body mass index (BMI) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results · Compared with the control group, serum CTRP1 levels of patients in MS group and HMS group both increased, and the latter was more obviously. Serum APN levels of patients decreased obviously in HMS group and MS group. The level of serum CTRP1 was negatively related with the level of serum APN. Conversely, serum CTRP1 level was positively related with blood glucose, BMI, SBP, TAG and HOMA-IR. Conclusion · The level of serum CTRP1 is elevated, while the level of serum APN declines in elderly male MS patients. The serum level of CTRP1 is even higher in HMS patients. Serum CTRP1 level is related to many risk factors of atherosclerosis.

Objective To explore the most suitable equation in accessing renal function for the elderly type 2 diabetic patients, and its clinical utility in combination with hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Methods The new Cystatin C-based equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (Cys-eGFR) and conventional predictive equations were compared with isotopic GFR (iGFR) by linear regression analysis, paired t-test, Bland and Altman procedures and non-parametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The new Cys-eGFR equation and hsCRP were also incorporated for detecting renal disease in this population. Results The new Cys-eGFR equation had a better relativity with iGFR (r= 0.767, P＜0.001), a less bias (bias: 0.0007, P＞0.05), a higher conformance (2SD: 21.56), higher sensitivity (90.7%) and specificity (88.6%) for diagnosing moderate decrease in renal function. There was a negative relationship between the new Cys-eGFR and hsCRP (r=-0.655, P＜0.01). When the new Cys-eGFR was 67.06 ml· min-1 ·1.73 m-2 and hsCRP was 5.65 mg/L, the combination of Cys-eGFR and hsCRP was better than the combination of serum creatinine and urine albumin/creatinine ratio in screening stage 3 chronic kidney disease (95%vs.46%). Conclusions The combination of new Cys-eGFR equation and hsCRP may screen an early decrease of moderate GFR.

To achieve the goal of"eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health hazard by 2030",extensive screening,active prevention,and antiviral therapy are currently recommended for chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection;however,no consensus has been reached on whether to initiate antiviral therapy for patients in the immune-tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection.Some experts believe that patients in the immune-tolerant phase tend to have a stable liver immune microenvironment,with a low risk of disease progression and poor response to treatment,and thus it is not recommended to initiate antiviral therapy.However,various other studies have shown that patients in the immune-tolerant phase still have inflammatory damage in the liver,with a risk of disease progression and a high level of cost effectiveness,and therefore,some experts suggest that antiviral therapy should be actively initiated for patients in the immune-tolerant phase.This article performs a literature review of the definition of patients in the immune-tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection and the advantages and disadvantages of antiviral therapy and conducts a preliminary analysis based on previous studies,in order to accumulate the evidence for whether to initiate antiviral therapy in the immune-tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection and lay a foundation for standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients in the immune-tolerant phase.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for dementia in residents aged 65 years and older in a Chinese nursing home. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a nursing home located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Cognitive status, including the presence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), was measured using a combination of medical history and objective cognitive assessments. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict the associated risk factors. RESULTS: In total, 943 residents (334 males and 609 females) aged 84.00±6.67 years (mean±SD) were included. Dementia was diagnosed in 420 (44.5%) residents, and MCI was diagnosed in 195 (20.7%). Mild, moderate, and severe dementia were present in 20.3%, 14.0%, and 65.7% of those in the dementia group, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that dementia was associated with a low education level (p=0.000), an advanced age (p=0.010), and a history of stroke (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Our study found a high prevalence of dementia in a Chinese nursing home, and a high prevalence of patients with severe dementia. Risk factors for dementia included a low educational level, an advanced age, and a history of stroke. Appropriate interventions need to be applied to this population.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dementia* ; Education ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Nursing Homes* ; Nursing* ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors* ; Stroke

Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) has important biological functions in calcium metabolism. The aim of this study was to silence the expression of PTHrP by RNA interference and recombinant adenovirus, and to provide a material to investigate the relative functions of PTHrP in goat mammary gland epithelial cell. The Block-iT shRNA interference system was used in this experiment. We designed and synthesized two pairs of complementary single-strand DNA oligonucleotides (shRNA-322/357) targeting two different sites of PTHrP mRNA. Then the oligonucleotides were inserted into shuttle vector pENTR/CMV-GFP/U6. After detection of the interference efficiency by Western blotting, we chose pENTR/CMV-GFP/U6-322 and adenovirus backbone vector pAD/PL-DEST to produce recombinant vector pAD/PL-DEST/CMV-GFP/U6-322. The first generation recombinant adenovirus particles (AD-PTHrP-322) were produced and further amplified by transfecting HEK-293 cells. The titer of the recombinant adenovirus reached 2.0 x 1(9) PFU/mL determined by TCID50 assays. The result of real-time quantitative PCR indicated that mRNA expression levels of gene were reduced 29.2%, 68.1% and 82.6% (P < 0.05), respectively, when goat mammary gland epithelial cells were infected with AD-PTHrP-322 after 24, 48 and 72 h, in which PTHrP. Western blotting also showed that the expression of PTHrP was reduced by infecting the cells with AD-PTHrP-322. AD-PTHrP-322 has been proved with significant interference effect on expression of PTHrP.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Goats ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; cytology ; Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Transfection

deltaFosB, a naturally occurring truncated isform of fosB gene, existed in many tissues stably and played an important role in formation and differentiation of adipocyte and osteoblast. deltaFosB may be related to the metabolism of calcium in bone and mammary gland and regulate the signal pathway of calcium transfer from bone to mammary gland. We first sub-cloned deltafosB gene of goat into the vector pET32a to construct prokaryotic expression vector pET32a-deltafosB. Then we induced for deltafosB gene expression efficiently by IPTG. Finally we immunized the adult rabbits with purified recombinant deltaFosB to prepare rabbit anti-goat deltaFosB polyclonal antibody. iELISA analysis showed the antibody with the titer of 1:51 200, and Western blotting result showed that the antibody could specifically detect the deltaFosB protein expressed in prokaryotic cell and HEK-293 cell, respectively. Further Western blotting assay showed that deltaFosB expressed in various tissues of goat in vivo.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Goats ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To explore the relationship between mitochondrial DNA gene,GJB2 gene mutations and the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in the army,and to provide scientific evidence for gene screening of susceptible individuals and relevant molecular epidemiology.Methods 182 blood samples were collected from 349 soldiers,consisting of susceptible and tolerance groups exposed to military noise in Beijing.Genomic DNA was isolated,and the targeted fragments of mitochondrial DNA and coding region of GJB2 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The PCR products were analyzed by direct sequencing.Results The results revealed that there were 98 mtDNA variants(41 reside in 12SrRNA) and 12 GJB2 gene variants;among them,mtDNA T1095C and G7642A coexisted in 4 susceptible individuals,but these mutations were not found in the tolerance group.In addition,3 tolerant individuals carried 961delT+insC while no one was found in the susceptible group.Conclusion The 12SrRNA is an area evidenced by high variant and mutation rate.The coexistence of mtDNA T1095C and G7642A in the susceptible group exposed to the similar noise suggests that these mutations are pathogenic mutations associated with NIHL.Three tolerant individuals with the history of long-term noise exposure carry 961delT+insC,suggesting that 961delT+insC might be a conditional pathogenic mutation,but not correlate with NIHL.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of remimazolam combined with propofol for sedation in the pediatric patients undergoing outpatient root canal treatment.Methods:Seventy pediatric patients of either sex, aged 2-6 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, with an expected treatment time<1 h, scheduled for elective outpatient root canal treatment, were divided into 2 groups ( n=35 each) using a random number table method: propofol group (P group) and remimazolam plus propofol group (RP group). Induction of anesthesia was as follows: propofol 1-3 mg/kg was intravenously injected until BIS value was less than 60 in group P, and remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg and propofol 1-3 mg/kg were intravenously injected until BIS value was less than 60 in group RP.Anesthesia maintenance was as follows: propofol 6-12 mg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused in group P, and remimazolam 0.3 mg·kg -1·h -1 and propofol 6-12 mg·kg -1·h -1 were intravenously infused in group RP.The BIS value was maintained at 50-70 during operation.Spontaneous breathing was kept, and oxygen was inhaled through a nasal catheter with oxygen flow rate of 2-3 L/min in both groups.The amount of propofol consumed during induction and maintenance periods and the total consumption were recorded.The onset time of sedation, duration of operation, emergence time and duration of post-anesthesia care unit stay were recorded.The adverse reactions such as intraoperative respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia, coughing and body movement, emergence agitation and postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded. Results:Compared with group P, the amount of propofol consumed during induction and maintenance periods and the total consumption were significantly reduced, the onset time of sedation was prolonged, the emergence time and duration of post-anesthesia care unit stay were shorted, the incidence of respiratory depression was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of duration of operation, hypotension, bradycardia, body movement or emergence agitation in group RP ( P>0.05). No intraoperative coughing or postoperative nausea and vomiting was found in two groups. Conclusions:The combination of remimazolam and propofol provides better efficacy than propofol alone when used for sedation in the pediatric patients undergoing outpatient dental root canal treatment.

Objective To determine the scores of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury(DILI)using Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM),Maria&Victorino assessment scale,and Revised Electronic Causality Assessment Method(RECAM),to compare the accuracy of the three scales in diagnosis,and to investigate their clinical significance in the diagnosis of DILI.Methods A total of 98 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of DILI who were hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital from January 2011 to December 2022 were enrolled,with liver biopsy results supporting DILI and a clear history of medication.Clinical data were collected from all subjects,and the above causality assessment scales were used for scoring.The chi-square test was used to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the causality assessment scales,and the weighted kappa coefficient was used to analyze the consistency between the three scales.Results For all patients with DILI enrolled,RECAM had the highest accuracy,with a significant difference compared with RUCAM(χ2=5.667,P=0.017).RUCAM and RECAM had moderate consistency in diagnosis(κw=0.469),while RECAM and Maria&Victorino scale had poor consistency(κw=0.156).For the patients with acute DILI,RECAM,RUCAM,and Maria&Victorino scales had a diagnostic inconsistency rate of 3.7%,11.1%,and 42.6%,respectively;for the patients with hepatocellular type DILI,the three scales of a diagnostic inconsistency rate of 8.9%,21.4%,and 62.5%,respectively;for the patients with cholestasis type or mixed type DILI,the three scales of a diagnostic inconsistency rate of 10.0%,22.5%,and 47.5%,respectively.Conclusion The use of RECAM and RUCAM scales in acute DILI can improve diagnostic rate,and for hepatocellular type DILI and DILI with the clinical manifestation of cholestasis(cholestasis type DILI and mixed type DILI),the use of RECAM and RUCAM scales can also improve diagnostic rate.The selection of causality assessment scales with a relatively high accuracy based on the course and clinical classification of the disease may help to further improve clinical diagnostic rate.