Objective Establishment of HPLC to determine the content of Baicalin in different processing varieties of traditional Chinese Medicine.Methods The HPLC method was used to determine the content of Baicalin in different processing varieties of Radix. The analytical column was thermo- C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water- phosphoric acid solution (47:53:0.2). The column temperature was 35℃,and the UV detection wavelenghth was 280 nm.Results The contents of Baicalin in different processed products were different. The lowest content of Radix. It was considered that the content of Baicalin in Radix decreased with the time of processing and the degree of heating.Conclusions It's known that the difference of baicalin content in different processed products ofscutellaria baicalensis Georgi was conducive tothe rational and scientific process of products.

Objective: To explore the growth inhibition and apoptosis-inducing effects of apigenin in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Method: MTT and flowcytometry were used to detect the growth inhibition and cell cycle distribution in apigenin-treated SGC-7901 cells respectively. DAPI fluorescence staining and DNA ladder assay were applied to study the pro-apoptosis effects of apigenin. The expression of apoptosis relative proteins, caspase-3 and Bcl-2, were analyzed by using Western blotting. Results: Apigenin treatment significantly inhibited the growth of human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901 and markedly caused their apoptosis following activation of caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2 protein expression. Conclusion: The activation of caspase-3 and downregulation of apoptosis relative protein Bcl-2 expression were the possible mechanism of apigenin induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells.

Objective To explore the value of color Doppler ultrasonography(CDU)as preoperative diagnosing and postoperative monitoring in patients with stenosis of subclavian or innominate artery(SIA)before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent(PTAS).Methods A total of 45 patients with stenosis of SIA were selected.Their extracranial vertebral artery and subclavian artery were observed with CDU.In 36 patients with one-sided stenosis of SIA.blood flow direction and spectrum of extracranial vertebraI artery were analyzed.Subclavian steal grade confirmed by spectrum change of vertebral artery was compared with the stenosis grade on quantitative angiography(QA).Among 45 patients with stenosis of SIA,PTAS was performed successfully in 36 patients(36 stents implanted).After stents implanted, hemodynamie parameters such as peak systolic velocity(PSV)in stent, follow-up velocity ratio in stem(VR)were measured.Restenosis in stent were observed.Results In 36 patients with one-sided stenosis of SIA,the ultrasonographic steal grade correlated with the QA stenosis grade significantly(r=0.752,P<0.01).Among 36 patients with stent implanted,follow up 8-12 months, 4 patients with restenosis in stent were found.Compared with the patients without restenosis in stent,PSV and VR in stent increased significantly(P<0.01).Conclusions As a fast and non-invasive imaging technique,CDU could allow diagnosis of stenosis of SIA before PTAS,and detection of restenosis after PTAS.

OBJECTIVETo understand the epidemiological characteristics of head injuries in children.

METHODSData was derived from the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) in 2014. Method on descriptive analysis was applied to depict general information, injuries events and clinical characteristics of head injuries among children under 18 years of age.

RESULTSA total number of 47 690 cases with child head injuries in 2014 were collected, including 32 542 males and 15 148 females. 43.47% of them were under 1-4 years of age. In October, 06:00 PM appeared the peak time for the injuries to happen. The three leading causes responsible for child head injuries were falls (69.57%), hit by blunt force (14.23%) or road traffic (11.01%). Main locations responsible for the head injuries to happen were:at home (44.98%), at public places (19.65%) or on roads/streets (15.81%). Recreation activates (77.88%), driving (7.32%), sports (5.72%) were the three major activities causing the injuries to take place. Majority of the cases happened unintentionally (95.35%), with bruise (71.69%) or mild injuries (85.27%) and went back home after treatment (90.25%).

CONCLUSIONSIn 2014, child head injuries were seen more in males than in females and mostly occured at home. The leading causes for head injuries would include falls, hit by blunt stuff or road traffic .

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; statistics & numerical data ; Automobile Driving ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; epidemiology ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Recreation ; Sports ; Transportation ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

Objective To explore the disease burden of road injuries in China.Methods The results of Global Burden of Disease 2013 including death rate,disability-adjusted of life years (DALY),years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL),years lived with disability (YLD),were used to describe the burden caused by road injuries in 2013 and the trends from 1990 to 2013,in China.Results In 2013,there were 313 676 deaths caused by traffic accidents in China.Death rate,rates on DALY,YLL and YLD were 22.52 per 100 000,1 076.54 per 100 000,971.21 per 100 000 and 105.34 per 100 000,respectively.Rates on deaths,YLL and YLD appeared higher in males,pedestrians than in females and other types of road travelers.Burden of injuries caused by traffic accidents was seen higher in those aged 15 to 49-year-old.From 1990 to 2013,the overall death rate on road injuries increased by 0.54 per 100 000 in China,with an increase of 2.34 per 100 000 and 0.81 per 100 000,respectively in males and pedestrians.The rates on DALY,YLL and YLD decreased by 164.21 per 100 000,115.06 per 100 000 and 49.06 per 100 000,respectively.Conclusions During the past 20 years,achievements had been made on road injury prevention and control,with the decrease of disease burden caused by road accidents.Males,young adults and pedestrians should be called for more attention to prevent road injuries.

Objective To provide basic suicide prevention strategy through analyzing the disease burden of suicide in the Chinese population,in 1990 and 2013.Methods Indicators including mortality rate,years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL),years lived with disability (YLD),and disability-adjusted of life years (DALY) on suicide,were from the results of Global Burden of Disease 2013 and used to describe the burden of disease caused by suicide in Chinese population.Data described the disease burden of suicide in China by comparing the corresponding parameters in 1990 and 2013.Results In 2013,the standard mortality on suicide was 9.08 per 100 000,and 73.39 per 100 000 in the 80 and above year-old,with the highest rates on DALY and YLL seen in the 75-79-year-old.Each parameter related to suicide burden in males appeared higher than that in females.Compare to data in the 1990s,these parameters declined in 2013,especially seen in females.The rate of YLLs/YLDs on suicide was 90.03 in 2013,89.83 in males and 89.00 in females.Conclusion The disease burden of suicide decreased sharply between 1990 and 2013 but was still a serious issue in the elderly that called for more attention.

Objective To analyze the disease burden of falls in Chinese population aged 70 and over,in 1990 and 2013 and to provide evidence for the development of prevention strategies on falls in the elderly.Methods Indicators including mortality rate,years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL),years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted of life years (DALY) on falls,were gathered from the results of Global Burden of Disease 2013 and used to describe the disease burden of falls in China by calculating the changing rates on corresponding parameters in 1990 and 2013.Results In 2013,the number of deaths,YLLs,YLDs,DALYs caused by falls among Chinese population aged 70 and over were 48 800,0.44 million person years,0.30 millions person years,and 0.74 million person years,respectively.The standardized mortality rate,rates on YLLs,YLDs and DALYs of falls were 561.71 per 100 000,55.87 per 100 000,373.98 per 100 000 and 929.85 per 100 000,respectively.The burden of falls increased along with the increase of age.Compared with 1990,the number of deaths,YLLs,YLDs and DALYs caused by falls increased by 308.80％,161.01％,54.67％ and 104.47％,respectively,in 2013,more seen in males than in females.The standardized mortality rate,YLLs and DALYs caused by falls increased by 63.67％,38.54％ and 73.08％,respectively,during 1990 and 2013.However,the standardized YLDs rate fell by 17.90％ during the same period.Conclusion Falls caused heavy disease burden which increased in 1990 and 2013 among the Chinese population aged 70 and over.

Objective To analyze the disease burden of injuries in Chinese children aged between 0-14-year-old,in 1990 and 2013.Methods Data derived from the Global Burden of Disease 2013 was used to analyze the disease burden of injuries among children aged between 0-14-year-old in each province of China,using relevant indicators including mortality and the rate on disability-adjusted life years (DALY).Results In 2013,the number of deaths,rates on mortality and DALY caused by injuries in children aged between 0-14-year-old were 73 766,29.46 per 100 000 and 2 449.36 per 100 000,respectively.Each indicator of injury burden appeared higher in boys than that in girls.With the increase of age,burden caused by injuries in each age group showed a decreasing trend.Provinces and autonomous regions as Xinjiang,Tibet,Gansu,Qinghai and Ningxia ranked the top 5 regions on both mortality rate and DALY rate among children aged between 0-14-year-old.The top 3 injury-related mortality rates and rate on DALY were drowning,road traffic injury and exposure to mechanic forces,among children.Compared to the disease burden of injuries in the 1990s,all indicators showed decreasing trends in children aged between 0-14-year-old,with girls more than boys,and variations in different age groups.In all areas of China,improvements were seen on intervention programs related to the injury-caused burden among children aged between 0-14-year-old,except for Ningxia,Yunnan and Chongqing.Conclusions During the last two decades,there had been significant improvements in reducing the injury-caused burden among the Chinese children aged between 0-14-year-old.However,injury is still the most important risk on health of children under 4-year-old,with boys in particular.Drowning and road traffic injury were the two leading causes of death in children aged between 1 and 14-year-old.

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of a 6-month Ba Duan Jin exercise program in improving the balance of community-dwelling older adults.Methods:A two arms, parallel-group, cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 1 028 community residents aged 60-80 years in 40 communities in 5 provinces of China. Participants in the intervention group (20 communities, 523 people) received Ba Duan Jin exercise 5 days/week, 1 hour/day for 6 months, and three times of falls prevention health education, and the control group (20 communities, 505 people) received falls prevention health education same as the intervention group. The Berg balance scale (BBS) score was the leading outcome indicator, and the secondary outcome indicators included the length of time of standing on one foot (with eyes open and closed), standing in a tandem stance (with eyes open and closed), the closed circle test, and the timed up to test.Results:A total of 1 028 participants were included in the final analysis, including 731 women (71.11%) and 297 men (28.89%), and the age was (69.87±5.67) years. After the 3-month intervention, compared with the baseline data, the BBS score of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group by 3.05 (95% CI: 2.23-3.88) points ( P<0.001). After the 6-month intervention, compared with the baseline data, the BBS score of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group by 4.70 (95% CI: 4.03-5.37) points ( P<0.001). Ba Duan Jin showed significant improvement ( P<0.05) in all secondary outcomes after 6 months of exercise in the intervention group compared with the control group. Conclusions:This study showed that Ba Duan Jin exercise can improve balance in community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80. The longer the exercise time, the better the improvement.

OBJECTIVETo understand the epidemiologic characteristics of fall in people aged ≥60 years in China and provide evidence for the development of prevention and control measures of fall in old population.

METHODSData of fall in people aged ≥60 years in China in 2014 were collected from National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) for the descriptive epidemiologic analysis.

RESULTSA total of 41,073 fall cases were reported in people aged ≥60 years in 2014, accounting for 52.81% of total unintentional injuries in this population. The fall to unintentional injury ratio was higher in older age group. The gender ratio of fall cases was 0.77 and the proportion of females increased with age. Fall mainly occurred during 8:00-11:59 in the morning (33.31%). The top three places where fall might occur were home (55.66%), public residential places (20.52%) and roads (11.64%). Recreational activity (68.94%) and housework/study (16.14%) were the major causes for fall. The common injury sites were low limbs (29.28%), head (24.40%) and body (20.04%), while the common injuries caused by fall were bruise (45.76%) and fractures (29.52%), spain/strain (13.28%). The fall injuries were mainly mild (64.20%), while more moderate and serious fall injuries occurred in older age group.

CONCLUSIONFall is the major cause of injury in old population in China, and the proportion of fall in unintentional injury in this population increased with age, indicating that the prevention of fall in old population should be strengthened.

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recreation ; Residence Characteristics