Objective Establishment of HPLC to determine the content of Baicalin in different processing varieties of traditional Chinese Medicine.Methods The HPLC method was used to determine the content of Baicalin in different processing varieties of Radix. The analytical column was thermo- C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water- phosphoric acid solution (47:53:0.2). The column temperature was 35℃,and the UV detection wavelenghth was 280 nm.Results The contents of Baicalin in different processed products were different. The lowest content of Radix. It was considered that the content of Baicalin in Radix decreased with the time of processing and the degree of heating.Conclusions It's known that the difference of baicalin content in different processed products ofscutellaria baicalensis Georgi was conducive tothe rational and scientific process of products.

Objective: To explore the growth inhibition and apoptosis-inducing effects of apigenin in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Method: MTT and flowcytometry were used to detect the growth inhibition and cell cycle distribution in apigenin-treated SGC-7901 cells respectively. DAPI fluorescence staining and DNA ladder assay were applied to study the pro-apoptosis effects of apigenin. The expression of apoptosis relative proteins, caspase-3 and Bcl-2, were analyzed by using Western blotting. Results: Apigenin treatment significantly inhibited the growth of human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901 and markedly caused their apoptosis following activation of caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2 protein expression. Conclusion: The activation of caspase-3 and downregulation of apoptosis relative protein Bcl-2 expression were the possible mechanism of apigenin induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells.

Objective To explore the value of color Doppler ultrasonography(CDU)as preoperative diagnosing and postoperative monitoring in patients with stenosis of subclavian or innominate artery(SIA)before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent(PTAS).Methods A total of 45 patients with stenosis of SIA were selected.Their extracranial vertebral artery and subclavian artery were observed with CDU.In 36 patients with one-sided stenosis of SIA.blood flow direction and spectrum of extracranial vertebraI artery were analyzed.Subclavian steal grade confirmed by spectrum change of vertebral artery was compared with the stenosis grade on quantitative angiography(QA).Among 45 patients with stenosis of SIA,PTAS was performed successfully in 36 patients(36 stents implanted).After stents implanted, hemodynamie parameters such as peak systolic velocity(PSV)in stent, follow-up velocity ratio in stem(VR)were measured.Restenosis in stent were observed.Results In 36 patients with one-sided stenosis of SIA,the ultrasonographic steal grade correlated with the QA stenosis grade significantly(r=0.752,P<0.01).Among 36 patients with stent implanted,follow up 8-12 months, 4 patients with restenosis in stent were found.Compared with the patients without restenosis in stent,PSV and VR in stent increased significantly(P<0.01).Conclusions As a fast and non-invasive imaging technique,CDU could allow diagnosis of stenosis of SIA before PTAS,and detection of restenosis after PTAS.

OBJECTIVETo understand the epidemiological characteristics of head injuries in children.

METHODSData was derived from the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) in 2014. Method on descriptive analysis was applied to depict general information, injuries events and clinical characteristics of head injuries among children under 18 years of age.

RESULTSA total number of 47 690 cases with child head injuries in 2014 were collected, including 32 542 males and 15 148 females. 43.47% of them were under 1-4 years of age. In October, 06:00 PM appeared the peak time for the injuries to happen. The three leading causes responsible for child head injuries were falls (69.57%), hit by blunt force (14.23%) or road traffic (11.01%). Main locations responsible for the head injuries to happen were:at home (44.98%), at public places (19.65%) or on roads/streets (15.81%). Recreation activates (77.88%), driving (7.32%), sports (5.72%) were the three major activities causing the injuries to take place. Majority of the cases happened unintentionally (95.35%), with bruise (71.69%) or mild injuries (85.27%) and went back home after treatment (90.25%).

CONCLUSIONSIn 2014, child head injuries were seen more in males than in females and mostly occured at home. The leading causes for head injuries would include falls, hit by blunt stuff or road traffic .

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; statistics & numerical data ; Automobile Driving ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; epidemiology ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Recreation ; Sports ; Transportation ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

Objective To explore the disease burden of road injuries in China.Methods The results of Global Burden of Disease 2013 including death rate,disability-adjusted of life years (DALY),years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL),years lived with disability (YLD),were used to describe the burden caused by road injuries in 2013 and the trends from 1990 to 2013,in China.Results In 2013,there were 313 676 deaths caused by traffic accidents in China.Death rate,rates on DALY,YLL and YLD were 22.52 per 100 000,1 076.54 per 100 000,971.21 per 100 000 and 105.34 per 100 000,respectively.Rates on deaths,YLL and YLD appeared higher in males,pedestrians than in females and other types of road travelers.Burden of injuries caused by traffic accidents was seen higher in those aged 15 to 49-year-old.From 1990 to 2013,the overall death rate on road injuries increased by 0.54 per 100 000 in China,with an increase of 2.34 per 100 000 and 0.81 per 100 000,respectively in males and pedestrians.The rates on DALY,YLL and YLD decreased by 164.21 per 100 000,115.06 per 100 000 and 49.06 per 100 000,respectively.Conclusions During the past 20 years,achievements had been made on road injury prevention and control,with the decrease of disease burden caused by road accidents.Males,young adults and pedestrians should be called for more attention to prevent road injuries.

Objective To provide basic suicide prevention strategy through analyzing the disease burden of suicide in the Chinese population,in 1990 and 2013.Methods Indicators including mortality rate,years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL),years lived with disability (YLD),and disability-adjusted of life years (DALY) on suicide,were from the results of Global Burden of Disease 2013 and used to describe the burden of disease caused by suicide in Chinese population.Data described the disease burden of suicide in China by comparing the corresponding parameters in 1990 and 2013.Results In 2013,the standard mortality on suicide was 9.08 per 100 000,and 73.39 per 100 000 in the 80 and above year-old,with the highest rates on DALY and YLL seen in the 75-79-year-old.Each parameter related to suicide burden in males appeared higher than that in females.Compare to data in the 1990s,these parameters declined in 2013,especially seen in females.The rate of YLLs/YLDs on suicide was 90.03 in 2013,89.83 in males and 89.00 in females.Conclusion The disease burden of suicide decreased sharply between 1990 and 2013 but was still a serious issue in the elderly that called for more attention.

Objective To analyze the disease burden of falls in Chinese population aged 70 and over,in 1990 and 2013 and to provide evidence for the development of prevention strategies on falls in the elderly.Methods Indicators including mortality rate,years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL),years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted of life years (DALY) on falls,were gathered from the results of Global Burden of Disease 2013 and used to describe the disease burden of falls in China by calculating the changing rates on corresponding parameters in 1990 and 2013.Results In 2013,the number of deaths,YLLs,YLDs,DALYs caused by falls among Chinese population aged 70 and over were 48 800,0.44 million person years,0.30 millions person years,and 0.74 million person years,respectively.The standardized mortality rate,rates on YLLs,YLDs and DALYs of falls were 561.71 per 100 000,55.87 per 100 000,373.98 per 100 000 and 929.85 per 100 000,respectively.The burden of falls increased along with the increase of age.Compared with 1990,the number of deaths,YLLs,YLDs and DALYs caused by falls increased by 308.80％,161.01％,54.67％ and 104.47％,respectively,in 2013,more seen in males than in females.The standardized mortality rate,YLLs and DALYs caused by falls increased by 63.67％,38.54％ and 73.08％,respectively,during 1990 and 2013.However,the standardized YLDs rate fell by 17.90％ during the same period.Conclusion Falls caused heavy disease burden which increased in 1990 and 2013 among the Chinese population aged 70 and over.

Objective To analyze the disease burden of injuries in Chinese children aged between 0-14-year-old,in 1990 and 2013.Methods Data derived from the Global Burden of Disease 2013 was used to analyze the disease burden of injuries among children aged between 0-14-year-old in each province of China,using relevant indicators including mortality and the rate on disability-adjusted life years (DALY).Results In 2013,the number of deaths,rates on mortality and DALY caused by injuries in children aged between 0-14-year-old were 73 766,29.46 per 100 000 and 2 449.36 per 100 000,respectively.Each indicator of injury burden appeared higher in boys than that in girls.With the increase of age,burden caused by injuries in each age group showed a decreasing trend.Provinces and autonomous regions as Xinjiang,Tibet,Gansu,Qinghai and Ningxia ranked the top 5 regions on both mortality rate and DALY rate among children aged between 0-14-year-old.The top 3 injury-related mortality rates and rate on DALY were drowning,road traffic injury and exposure to mechanic forces,among children.Compared to the disease burden of injuries in the 1990s,all indicators showed decreasing trends in children aged between 0-14-year-old,with girls more than boys,and variations in different age groups.In all areas of China,improvements were seen on intervention programs related to the injury-caused burden among children aged between 0-14-year-old,except for Ningxia,Yunnan and Chongqing.Conclusions During the last two decades,there had been significant improvements in reducing the injury-caused burden among the Chinese children aged between 0-14-year-old.However,injury is still the most important risk on health of children under 4-year-old,with boys in particular.Drowning and road traffic injury were the two leading causes of death in children aged between 1 and 14-year-old.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the performance of national injury surveillance in China and provide evidence for the utilization and interpretation of surveillance data and the improvement of injury surveillance.

METHODSAccording to the national injury surveillance protocol, a retrospective analysis was conducted on the quality of injury surveillance carried out by the centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) at all levels in China from 2006 to 2012. And related human resource and budget data in 2012 were collected for analysis.

RESULTSFrom 2006 to 2012, the injury cases reported to national injury surveillance system increased by 1 time in China. The underreporting rate of injury cases and mis-filling rate of reporting cards decreased in 31 surveillance points (72.1%) and 23 surveillance points (53.5%) respectively. In 2012, the underreporting rates were less than 10% in 33 surveillance points (76.7%) , and the mis-filling rates were less than 10% in 39 surveillance points (90.7%) . Only 19 provincial CDCs (44.2%) and 32 county/district CDCs had full time staff engaged in injury surveillance. Three surveillance points (7.0%) never published their injury surveillance data, while 13 surveillance points shared injury surveillance data with other departments.

CONCLUSIONThe quality of injury surveillance was greatly improved in China during 2006-2012, but more efforts are still needed for the further improvement of national injury surveillance, including the increase of human resources and fund investments and more use of surveillance data.

OBJECTIVETo understand the characteristics of self-inflicted injury/suicide cases that were seen from the clinic or the emergency rooms, to provide basis for suicide prevention strategies development.

METHODSData from the National Injury Surveillance System, from 2006 to 2013 were used to analyze the trend of self-inflicted injury/suicide proportion in injuries as well as the socio-demographic characteristics of the cases with related basic and clinic information related to self-inflicted injury/suicide.

RESULTSThe proportion of self-inflicted injury/suicide cases decreased during the past 8 years. 58.6% of the self-inflicted injury/suicide cases were females in 2013 and 42.1% received junior secondary school education. Self-inflicted injury/suicide were mostly taken place at home (76.2% ). Poisoning (56.1% ) and sharp injury were the major ways causing self-inflicted injury or suicide.

CONCLUSIONInterventions on self-inflicted injury/suicide should be strengthened including control programs on pesticide/psychotropic drugs. Prevention on future attempts and suicide should include the full use during the in-hospital time of those suicide attempters.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; epidemiology ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Suicide ; statistics & numerical data ; Suicide, Attempted ; statistics & numerical data