Aplastic anemia(AA)is a rare disease oringed from hematopoietic cell,characterized by failure of the bone marrow and pancytopenia in peripheral blood.The mechanism of AA is indistinct,it can be congenital,or acquired disposition.Acquired AA may be secondary to poisonous,radiation,virus infection and some medicine.All these factors can injure bone marrow directly,suppressing the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow,on the other hand,the immune system play a pivotal role indirectly.This review focused on the pathologic classification,mechanism of drug-induced aplastic anemia.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a health education program based on the three level maternal and child health care networks in terms of acceptability of HIV tests in pregnant women. Methods A field study approach was adopted. Pregnant women in two sites who were similar in their social features were selected as intervention group and control group,respectively.Based on the baseline survey,the intervention group was exposed to one-year long health education activities on prevention of HIV related MTCT via lectures,broadcasting and educational materials etc.The effectiveness of the interventions was evaluated by interviewing the pregnant women in the two groups via questionnaires and comparing change of HIV test rates pre-and post-interventions. Results A total of 1 541 pregnant women were interviewed,with 933 women in the intervention group and 618 women in the control group.After one year intervention,the rate of HIV-testing during pregnancy in the intervention group was raised from 34.27% to 72.49%,while 5.83% to 20.38% in the control group.The rate of HIV-testing during pregnancy in the intervention group was 52.11% higher than in the control group (?2=24.60,P

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of endothelial cell injury in women with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Methods Human umbilical endothelial cells were cultured in the serum from 10 women with severe PIH and 10 normal pregnant women, and co-cultured with neutrophils or not for 48hrs. The morphology and cell cycles were studied. Results Without neutrophils, no apoptotic cells were observed, while neutrophils were added, apoptotic cells were obviously detected. The percentage of apoptotic cells in PIH was more than that in non-PIH. The percentage of cells in G 2/M phase decreased in all the groups, but there were no significant differences among them. Conclusions Endothelial cells were injured indirectly in PIH patients. Activated neutrophils induced apoptosis might be one of the answers.

Objective To analyze correlation between female HIV prevalence and policy resources invested for the prevention of mother-tochild transmission(PMTCT).Methods Local policy documents concerning PMCTC published in different periods of time were collected from 4 HIV endemic counties in China,and their main components were analyzed in terms of their correlation with the recent infection rate in local women in general and single and married women of child bearing age in particular.Results The policy resources invested for PMTCT by the county governments had a logarithmic correlation with the female HIV infection rates.Conclusion With the rise of female HIV infection rates,policy resources invested for PMTCT has been increased,but after a rapid increase,recent female HIV infection has exerted little influence on the investment of policy resources.

Objective To analyse both micro level and macro level factors influencing maternal mortality in order to set the priority to lowering maternal mortality. Method The results of an analysis of maternal mortality were reported, based on a conceptual model that combines micro level and macro level variables taken from demographic, sociological and epidemiological research. Multi level analysis techniques were used to analyse the 1997 linked county level maternal death data and related county level social demographic and health resources data in 114 counties of 5 remote and poverty stricken provinces. Results The maternal mortality rate in research areas was as high as 159.3/100 000. The main factors influencing maternal mortality were institutional delivery rate, population density, percentage of minority population, and percentage of village without village doctor. Conclusion To advocate institutional delivery rate, to pay greater attention to minority and low population density area, and to standardised village doctors' responsibility are recommended strategies to lowering maternal mortality in remote and poverty stricken areas of China.

Objective In order to analyze the pollution level of PM10 and PM2.5, as well as their sources in large and moderate scale shopping centres. Methods Using the portable aerosol monitor detected the PM10 and PM2.5 on different locale floors in Zhongyuan Supermarket, Commerce Building and Foodstuff Centre in Pingdingshan City area. Results The average mass concentration of PM10 in Zhongyuan Supermarket,Commerce Building and Foodstuff Centre were 0.212 mg/m3, 0.108 mg/m3, 0.056 mg/m3 and that of PM2.5 were 0.179 mg/m3, 0.092 mg/m3, 0.043 mg/m3 respectively. The pollution level of PM10 of all the shopping center didn't exceed the related standard. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 in Zhongyuan Supermarket,Commerce Building all exceeded the standard ,and the times of exceeding standard were 1.75 and 0.42. The people volume of flow was more masses, and the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 were more higher. The mass concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in every sites of the same floor was significantly different (P

Objective To investigate the status of breastfeeding rate at discharging hospital and analyze influence of obstetrical service quality on breastfeeding rate, in order to improve the quality of obstetrical service and increase the breastfeeding rate. Methods A total number of 1 123 mothers who have 6~12 months babies were investigated through questionnaire including obstetrical service accepted, situation of breastfeeding rate at discharging hospital, mother's breastfeeding knowledge and behaviors with across-sectional method from August to October in 2000. Seven cities were chosen as the research site including Beijing, Changchun, Huhehaote, Xi'an, Luoyang, Kunming and Xiamen. The data were analyzed with SPSS/PC 10.0 statistical software. Results The exclusive breastfeeding rate was 52%, the full breastfeeding rate was 73% at discharging hospital. The influencing factors of breastfeeding rate at discharging hospital include mother's age, medical expenditure type, caesarean section, breastfeeding on demand, neonatal status, having milk bottle, feeding milk-powder and sweeten water in obstetrical wards, mother's breastfeeding knowledge and behavior, et al. Conclusions Breastfeeding rate at discharging hospital was low and it was related with quality of obstetrical service. So it is important to improve the quality of obstetrical service and health education on breastfeeding, in order to enhance the breastfeeding rate.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of camphor and menthol in Compound diphen-hydramine liniment. METHODS:GC was performed on the column of Agilent 19095N-123 INNOWAX capillary column,column temperature was 120 ℃,injection volume temperature was 220 ℃,FID detector was used with the temperature of 260 ℃,carrier gas was nitrogen gas,flow of column was 6.0 ml/min,air was 450 ml/min,hydrogen gas was 40 ml/min,split ratio was 20∶1 and injection volume was 1 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of mass concentration was 0.612-6.12 mg/ml(r=0.999 9)for camphor and 0.593-5.93 mg/ml(r=0.999 9)for menthol;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;the recov-eries were respectively 98.0%-100.7%(RSD=1.0%,n=6)and 98.7%-100.7%(RSD=0.7%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The meth-od is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for the contents determination of camphor and menthol in Compound di-phenhydramine liniment.

Objective To analyze the descending trend of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and its related influencing factors in order to improve the descending speed of MMR. Methods The influencial factor analysis and u test were made on data collected from 232 rural counties of eight provinces in China. Results MMR had shown remarkable reduction from 1995 to 2000, a drop by 51.33%. However, there was still a gap if compared with the ratio of the whole country. Major causes influencing the descending speed of MMR include the high speed of economic development, more expenditure of health, quality of maternal service, such as the ratio of hospital delivery, cleaning delivery, prenatal and postnatal health care. Conclusion In order to accelerate the descending speed of MMR, attempts to increase the improvement speed of maternal health care, quality of maternal service and more expenditure of health should be made.

Objective To understand the trends of institutional delivery in recent 30 years in China and find out the main social and demographic factors. Methods Two-staged PPS method was employed for sampling; Uniform questionnaire was drafted and direct interview was adopted to collect the information. Results The institutional delivery rate was increasing rapidly with time, especially from 1990's, which had climbed to 82% in the last three years, but it was still unsatisfactory in the central and western areas. Meanwhile, most women who delivered outside the hospital were assisted only by birth attendants/village doctors or family members/friends in labor. Factor analysis showed that the women s education and occupation and their husbands, the gap of education between the couples, and the antenatal care could significantly affect their choice for where to deliver. Conclusions Great improvement had been achieved in the last several decades, and both individual characteristics, community and health facility could have influences on the women s decision on where to give birth.