Stuy on some patients with prolong obstructive biliary hepatitis which is unknown cause. From September 2002 Hoa Hao Medical Center have been equipped the test to find serologic mitochondria antibody AMA-M2, due to they have diagnosed primary biliary cirrhosis. Today there were 5 cases of primary biliary cirrhosis with different circumstances. Introducing 1 case of primary biliary cirrhosis (female, 53 years old) has itch, long term jaundice, increased alkali phosphatazase in serum, AMA-M2(+), increased IgM
Biliary Tract ; Hepatitis ; Serum ; Fibrosis

The generalization of some comments about the role of imaging examination in diagnosis of renal trauma as non-preparative adominal tomography: has less value in diagnosis of renal trauma but helps to detect metanephric duct stone. Intravenous urography (UIV): these imagings are main to evaluate the rest of renal function, prevention of cases of traumatic renal excision, has less value in diagnosis of renal trauma. Adominal ultrasound: to detect suggestive signs of internal haemorrhage due to solid viscera breaking in abdomen. CT scan has an important role, to help identifying with or without renal trauma, the level of renal lesions, with or without other viscera lesions. Renal angiography: to block selectively vessels to make haemostatic in some cases of haemorrhage due to renal trauma. MRI is recommended for patients with contraindication of absolute using contrast media
Wounds and Injuries ; kidney ; diagnosis ; Therapeutics

The surgical management of kidney-stone disease has undergone dramatic changes over the past 20 years. The introduction and development of percutaneous renal surgery, extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, and technical advances in the available modalities for intracorporeal lithotripsy have led to a revolution in the surgicalmanagement of kidney-stone disease. The indications for open kidney-stone surgery have been narrowed significantly, and for the most part open surgery has become a second or third line treatment option. In this article, the authors attempt to better define acceptable indications for open kidney-stone surgery, to review commonly accepted advantages of open stone procedures and to establish expected results and outcomes following open surgery for kidney-stone disease
Kidney Calculi ; surgery ; Therapeutics

Current opinions on diagnosis and management of lower genitourinary injury: in bladder, urethra and outside genital organ. Bladder trauma included bladder tear and bladder break (break in and outside of peritoneum). Retrograde urethrography with contrast media was a standard method in diagnosis of bladder break. Treatment: bladder sutured operation was absolute indicated for break in peritoneum; break outside of peritoneum could be treated by putting a large size urethra tube. In urethra injury: 37-93% cases of posterior urethral break and at least 75% cases of anterior urethral break experienced bleeding symptoms. Diagnosis method: retrograde urethrography with contrast media. Treatment: percutaneous cystostomy and urethral imaging test performed just before intervention. Outside genital organ’s trauma accounted for 1/3-2/3 of urogenital organ trauma. The injury was common in male, rarely in vulva of female. In cases of skin loss of penis or testicle, they were conservative treated. A partial or total urethra break needed to suture one-stage on catheter to make barrel and urine intubation
Urogenital System ; Urogenital System/injuries ; Wounds and Injuries ; Urinary Bladder ; Urethra ; Genitalia ; Diagnosis ; Therapeutics

Summarize some erectile dysfunction drugs which are current popular used, includes: drugs affected to central nerve system as Yohimbine, Apomorphine sublingual tablet; melanindirected peptide; drugs that affected to muscular dilatation of penis such as cavernous injected drugs (Papaverin, Alprostadil), penile suppository drugs, oral drugs (selective inhibition phosphordiesterase-5 (PDE-5) as Sildenafil, Vardenafil, Tadalafil) to prevent hydrolyzing of GMP circle, increase GMP circle’s level in cavernous smooth muscle
Erectile Dysfunction ; Therapeutics

It is very difficult to diagnose and treat the condition of neurogenic bladder or neurogenic voiding dysfunction. Causes of neurogenic bladder are central nervous system disorders. Diagnosis is based on urodynamic investigations. 80% of patients with neurogenic bladder can be treated by internal medicine therapies, but it is necessary to diagnose correctly the type of disorders (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves…) and to define exactly activities of muscle of bladder, urethral sphincter. Targets of treatment are preserving renal functions and improving urinary incontinence. Besides, there are some surgical procedures
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Diagnosis ; Therapeutics

Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in milk were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, using milk sample inorganication on sand-separated stove and sample inorganication equipment with graphit-Digi PREP Jr heat stabilization system. Results: sample inorganication equipment with heat stabilization system has the advantage of saving chemical and time. Atomic absorption spectrometry method and atomization technique in graphite furnace combined with Zeeman standardization technique allows determining Pb and Cd with limits of 0.0005 μg/ml and 0.005 μg/ml, respectively. This method has been used to check the quality of milk in general as well as to evaluate the effect of Pb and Cd contamination in epidemiology
Milk ; Lead ; Cadmium

Report one case of a male patient aged 73 years old, admitted to hospital due to difficult urination and sudden stopping during urination. Clinical and ultrasound examination revealed normal prostate, many stones in the bladder, with the largest diameter of 35mm and a diverticulum of bladder. Patient was treated by percutaneous cystolithotomy on September, 22nd 2005 at HCM University Medical Center. Check for removing all stones. Duration of procedure was 30 minutes. Ultrasound examination on the 1st post-operative day showed that there wasn’t any stone in the bladder, no fluid in abdominal cavity. Removing bladder drainage at 2nd post-operative day and urethral drainage at 3rd post-operative day, and then patient was discharged. The incision was dry, not leaking out urine
Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Surgery ; Therapeutics

Background: Hue city is a cultural and tourism center of The middle and the whole country. Beside developing tourism services, food processing establishments, traditional specialities, eating and drinking services especially street food services more and more develop plentifully and multiform, satisfy daily demand of consumers. Objectives: Assessment on improvement level on some targets of street food safety and hygiene after 2 years intervention. Subjects and method: All street food processing establishments in 3 wards: V\u0129nh Ninh, Ph\xfa H\u1ed9i, V\ufffd?D\ufffd?of Hue city. Method: Cross-sectional study with comparison before and after intervention. Results: Kitchen utensils samples have met hygiene requirements and the proportion of food samples without borax both increase. The infection rate of bacteria in cook\ufffd?hands, kitchen utensils, cooked food were improved after 2 years carried out targeted model. Clean water for processing street food have not enough although 100% households use running water. The proportion of people were trained about food safety and hygiene knowledges and health examination increase. The situation of using food colourings and poisonous additives decrease remarkably. Salesclerks have more consciousness of preserving and covering food. 86,4% of food processing establishments have recycle bins obtain requirement to reduce polluted food. Conclusion: Street food is an important stage of food supplying network in 3 wards above. Somewhere having interest of Government and local authorities, Steering committee have efficient activities street food model develop conveniently.
Food Safety/ methods

OBJECTIVES: Families of ethnic minority persons with dementia often seek help at later stages of the disease. Little is known about the effectiveness of various methods in supporting ethnic minority dementia patients' caregivers. The objective of the study was to identify smartphone and computer usage among family caregivers of dementia patients (i.e., Korean and Vietnamese Americans) to develop dementia-care education programs for them. METHODS: Participants were asked various questions related to their computer or smartphone usage in conjunction with needs-assessment interviews. Flyers were distributed at two ethnic minority community centers in Southern California. Snowball recruitment was also utilized to reach out to the families of dementia patients dwelling in the community. RESULTS: Thirty-five family caregivers, including 20 Vietnamese and 15 Korean individuals, participated in this survey. Thirty participants (30 of 35, 85.7%) were computer users. Among those, 76.7% (23 of 30) reported daily usage and 53% (16 of 30) claimed to use social media. A majority of the participants (31 of 35, 88.6%) reported that they owned smartphones. More than half of smartphone users (18 of 29, 62%) claimed to use social media applications. Many participants claimed that they could not attend in-class education due to caregiving and/or transportation issues. CONCLUSIONS: Most family caregivers of dementia patients use smartphones more often than computers, and more than half of those caregivers communicate with others through social media apps. A smartphone-app-based caregiver intervention may serve as a more effective approach compared to the conventional in-class method. Multiple modalities for the development of caregiver interventions should be considered.
Asian Americans* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; California ; Caregivers* ; Dementia* ; Education* ; Humans ; Methods ; Minority Groups ; Smartphone* ; Social Media ; Transportation