The medical image registration between preoperative three-dimensional (3D) scan data and intraoperative two-dimensional (2D) image is a key technology in the surgical navigation. Most previous methods need to generate 2D digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) images from the 3D scan volume data, then use conventional image similarity function for comparison. This procedure includes a large amount of calculation and is difficult to archive real-time processing. In this paper, with using geometric feature and image density mixed characteristics, we proposed a new similarity measure function for fast 2D-3D registration of preoperative CT and intraoperative X-ray images. This algorithm is easy to implement, and the calculation process is very short, while the resulting registration accuracy can meet the clinical use. In addition, the entire calculation process is very suitable for highly parallel numerical calculation by using the algorithm based on CUDA hardware acceleration to satisfy the requirement of real-time application in surgery.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; X-Rays

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of Annexin A1 (ANXA1) expression with paclitaxel response and clinicopathological features of ovarian carcinoma. METHODS: The expression levels of ANXA1 in ovarian carcinoma SKOV3/Taxol-25 and SKOV3 cell lines were detected by Western blot and real time-PCR. The expression of ANXA1 protein in 42 specimens of ovarian carcinoma was examined by immunhistochemistry. The correlation of ANXA1 expression with paclitaxel response and clinicopathological features of ovarian carcinoma was analyzed. RESULTS: The expression level of ANXA1 was significantly lower in SKOV3/Taxol-25 cell line than that in SKOV3 cell line (P<0.05). The positive specimens of ANXA1 expression in paclitaxel-resistant tissues (14/20) were significantly lower than those in the sensitive ones (21/22, P<0.05), and there was also a significant difference between the mild and the strong positive specimens (P<0.01). The expression of ANXA1 protein showed no correlation with the type of mophology and histological grade of ovarian cancer (P>0.05), but it was correlated with the clinical stage(P<0.05). CONCLUSION ANXA1 expression is downregulated in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma, which might be a valuable predictor for paclitaxel susceptibility of ovarian carcinoma.
Annexin A1 ; metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Down-Regulation ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology

Objective:To explore the role of Pim-1 in the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease and the potential effect of Pim-1 inhibitor on treating such disease.Methods:Forty-five BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=9):A normal control group,a inflammatory bowel disease group,two different dose of Pim-1 inhibitor treatment groups,and steroidhormone treatment group.The model of inflammatory bowel disease was induced by intracolonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenestdfonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol mixture.Mice were treated with Pim-1 inhibitor [intraperitoneal inject,5 or 10 mg/(kg.d)] for 5 days and prednisone (intragastric administration,0.1 mg/d) for 5 days.The DAI,colon length,gross score and pathological grade were evaluated.The expressions ofT cell master transcription factors T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet),GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3),RA orphan receptorγ (RORyt)and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) were measured by Real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results:Pim-1 inhibitor and prednisone showed therapeutic effect on acute TNBS colitis in vivo.GATA3 and RORγt were significantly up-regulated in acute TNBS colitis (P＜0.05).In contrast,the expression of Foxp3 was suppressed in the inflammatory bowel disease group,whereas it did not cause any significant change in T-bet expression (P＞0.05).Administration of Pim-1 inhibitor and prednisone resulted in suppression of GATA3,RORγt expression,and the increase of Foxp3 expression (P＜0.05).Administration of Pim-1 inhibitor and prednisone resulted in inhibition of T-bet mRNA expression (P＜0.05),but only prednisone could inhibit T-bet protein expression (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Pim-1 inhibitor significantly suppresses Th2-and Th17-type immune responses.Furthermore,Pim-1 inhibitor could induce T-cell differentiation towards a Treg phenotype.Pim-1 inhibitor has therapeutic effect on acute TNBS colitis.

Objective:To explore the role of corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRFR2) in regulating pain sensitization and anxiety and its mechanism in chronic migraine mice.Methods:Forty-eight C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, NBI35965 group and K41498 group ( n=12); chronic migraine models in the later 3 groups were established by intraperitoneally administrating 10 mg/kg nitroglycerin on the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th and 9 th d; mice in the NBI35965 group and K41498 group were injected with 100 nL NBI35965 or K41498 solution into the bilateral trigeminal nucleus caudalis on the 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th and 8 th d, and mice in the control group were injected with same volume of normal saline. Von frey fiber was used to detect the orbitofrontal mechanical pain threshold 2 h after intraperitoneal injection on the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th and 9 th d, and at 11 a.m. on the 10 th d. Elevated plus maze was used to detect the anxiety-like behaviors at 11 a.m. on the 11 th d. Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expressions of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1), CRFR2 in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the CRFR1 and CRFR2 mRNA expressions in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the protein expressions of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), immediate-early gene c-fos, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Results:Compared with the control group, the model group, NBI35965 group and K41498 group had significantly decreased orbitofrontal mechanical pain thresholds 3, 5, 7, 9, and 10 d after intraperitoneal injection ( P<0.05); compared with model group, the K41498 group had significantly increased orbitofrontal mechanical pain thresholds 7, 9, and 10 d after intraperitoneal injection ( P<0.05). Compared with control group, the model group, NBI35965 group and K41498 group had significantly decreased entries and shorter time in opened arms ( P<0.05); compared with the model group, the K41498 group had significantly increased entries and shorter time in opened arms ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the model group, NBI35965 group and K41498 group had significantly higher CRF and CRFR2 protein expressions in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis ( P<0.05); compared with the model group, the K41498 group had statistically lower CRF protein expression in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the model group, NBI35965 group and K41498 group had significantly higher CRFR2 mRNA expression in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis ( P<0.05). Compard with the control group, the model group, NBI35965 group and K41498 group had significantly increased CGRP, c-fos, Iba-1 and GFAP protein expressions in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis ( P<0.05); compared with the model group, the K41498 group had significantly decreased CGRP and c-fos protein expressions in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis ( P<0.05). Conclusion:CRFR2 can alter the orbitofrontal pain sensitization and anxiety-like behaviors in chronic migraine mice by regulating neuronal activation and CGRP release in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis.

Objective:To investigate the clinicpathological characteristics of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) in transplanted lung, and to improve its diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The clinicopathological characteristics of PTLD in three transplanted lungs were evaluated at Wuxi People′s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from 2014 to 2019. HE, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization were performed. The relevant literature of PTLD was reviewed.Results:All three patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) before lung transplantation. After receiving both lung transplants, they were all treated with anti-rejection drugs tacrolimus or mycophenolate mofetil, and combined with antiviral and/or rituximab. The time from transplantation to diagnosis of PTLD was four years, seven months, and five months, respectively. Two patients died one month and five months after initial diagnosis, and one patient was alive with no disease after one year. Histologically, all cases were monomorphic B-cell PTLD (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, unspecified), and the tumor cells were positive for Epstein-Barr virus by in situ hybridization; one of the late-onset patients had herpes simplex virus infection.Conclusions:PTLD in the post-transplant lung tissue shows unique morphology and clinical characteristics, and is closely related to Epstein-Barr virus infection. Patients who receive lung transplantation due to COPD are more susceptible to develop PTLD, while late-onset ones occur more commonly in the hilum of lungs, and the prognosis is relatively poor.