The need of eight-year clinical students for bioinformatics undergraduate courses is described.In addition,the measures and experiences on textbooks choosing,teaching content assignment,teaching methods designing and test means innovation are also discussed.All these provide a reference implementation for the development of eight-year clinical bioinformatics courses.

Objective To evaluate the measurement uncertainty for the determination of ethanol in human blood by auto-headspace GC/MS.Methods Each source of uncertainty,arising from the procedure of testing,was analyzed and confirmed according to the guidelines of the uncertainty in measurement.After each uncertainty component was evaluated,the combined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty of the result were calculated.Results The expanded uncertainty was 0.084mg/mL when the concentration of ethanol in blood sample was 0.738 mg/mL.Conclusion The measurement uncertainty of the concentration of ethanol was came primarily from the sample determination,standard solution of the ethanol and the calibration curve.

Objective To observe hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in 12 patients with rheumatic disease undergoing immunosuppressive therapy and to evaluate whether preemptive antiviral therapy is necessary for patients receiving disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).Methods From January 2008 to March 2012,a total of 12 HBV-infected patients with rheumatic diseases were consecutively enrolled into this long-term follow-up study.Liver function and serum levels of HBV DNA were tested during the follow-up.Results The medium duration of follow-up was 41 months (range 16-48).Four patients received steroid treatment,and among them two patients without pre-emptive antiviral therapy developed HBV reactivation.After administr-ation of LAM or ETV,HBV replication was controlled in both patients.Five patients were treated with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and the other three patients received tumor necrosis factor-alpha-blocking agents.None of these patients received pre-emptive antiviral therapy.HBV reactivation did not occur in any of them.Conclusion HBV reactivation does occur in HBV-infected patients with rheumatoid diseases after immunosuppressive therapy.Pre-emptive antiviral therapy should be administered in patients who are receiving steroid therapy for rheumatic diseases.In contrast,DMARDs and TNFBA are relatively safe for HBV-infected patients with rheumatic diseases.Close monitoring of HBV DNA and ALT levels is necessary to the mana-gement of HBV reactivation.

ObjectiveTo study the effect and safety of flurbiprofen cataplasm on osteoarthritis pain in Chinese patients.MethodsOne hundred and eighty-three patients were divided into flurbiprofen cataplasm group,indometacin cataplasm group and Qizheng-xiaotong plaster group randomly.The score of pain,stiffness and physical function were analyzed with WOMAC scale and adverse reactions were also assessed.KruskalWallis H test,Nemenyi test and CMH tese were used.ResultsAfter treatment,the VAS value of the three groups decreased significantly and the VAS difference value of the flurbiprofen cataplasm group changed the most significantly(the changes of VAS value in flat walking,up and down stairs,nighttime,rest and weightbearing were 31±21,35±20,24±19,20±18 and 37±20 respectively).Meanwhile,the value of stiffness and physical function decreased significantly.In terms of safety,flurbiprofen cataplasm group and the indome-tacin cataplasm group were better than Qizheng-xiaotong plaster group.But in sense of constriction,the flurbiprofen cataplasm group was better than the indometacin eataplasm group.ConclusionFlurbiprofen Cataplasm,with its favorable analgesic effect,is suitable for general clinical use.It can reduce stiffness,improvephysical function,and has good safety profile.

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are embedded in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. The cellular location and functional diversity of OMPs makes them an important protein class. Researches on prediction of OMPs by bioinformatics methods can bring helpful methodologies for identifying OMPs from genomic sequences and for the successful prediction of their secondary and tertiary structures. In this paper, three feature classes were calculated from protein sequences: amino acid compositions, dipeptide compositions and weighted amino acid index correlation coefficients. Then, three feature classes were combined and inputted into a support vector machine (SVM) based predictor to identify OMPs from other folding types of proteins. The results of discrimination using several combined features including four amino acid index categories were calculated, and the influence on discrimination accuracy using different correlation coefficients with different orders and weights was discussed. In cross-validated tests and independent tests for identifying OMPs from a dataset of 1087 proteins belonging to all different types of globular and membrane proteins, the method using combined features obtains an overall accuracy of 96.96% and 97.33% respectively. And these results outperform that of other methods in the literature. Using this method, high specificities are shown from the results of identifying OMPs in five bacterial genomes, and over 99% OMPs with known three-dimensional structures in the PDB database are correctly discriminated. These results indicate that the method is a powerful tool for OMPs discrimination in genomes.
Algorithms ; Amino Acids ; chemistry ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Computational Biology ; methods ; Discriminant Analysis ; Genome, Bacterial ; genetics ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; genetics ; Models, Statistical ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary

Bioinformatics is an intercross field of biology and computer science. With the develop-ment of computer network information technology and"precision medical care", biomedical field ushered in the era of big data. The demand for bioinformatics knowledge to medical students has shifted from single gene level to the analysis on massive medical data. This paper analyzed the characteristics of the big data era, as well as the problems of the teaching idea, curriculum coverage and teaching platform could not meet the requirements of the new era in teaching of bioinformatics course for medical students. Finally, we pro-posed several measures to strengthen the reform of bioinformatics teaching to meet the challenge of the big data era, including optimizing courses, changing educational philosophy, introducing new teaching methods, and setting up teaching platform with times.

Under low temperature conditions, the hapten carboxyl-norketamine was synthesized by reacting norketamine and succinaldehyde acid.Identification result using electrospray ionization mass showed the hap ten was successfully synthesized.The artificial antigen confirmed by infrared spectroscopy was developed by conjugating hapten to carrier proteins with carbodiimide(EDC) method.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ioni zation time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS) showed that the ratio of hapten to BSA was 11:1.The antibody with high titer(5.12 × 10~4) was produced after immuning to rabbits.

Objective To explore the effects of leptin on the senescence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,frequencies of Treg and Th17 cells,and lupus disease in MRL/lpr mice,and to explore the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Leptin (1 μg/g) or phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was injected into C57BL/6 (B6) mice,ob/ob mice and MRL/lpr mice intra-peritoneally.Urine protein was examined by Coomassie brilliant blue method.The levels of serum leptin,antinuclear antibody (ANA),anti-dsDNA antibody and immunoglobulin (Ig)G were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated,and treated with or without leptin,then the senescence of MSCs were evaluated by SA-β-gal staining,the levels of p53 and p21 mRNA were measured by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR),the protein levels of p53 and p21 were tested by Westem blotting method.Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA.Results The level of serum leptin was higher in MRL/lpr mice than that of B6 mice [(4.5±0.8) ng/ml vs (2.3±0.5) ng/ml,t=2.38,P＜0.05].Leptin treatment in vivo accelerated the senescence of bone marrow-derived MSCs from all B6 mice,lupus mice and ob/ob mice,manifestedas increased frequencies of SA-β-gal positive cells [(20.6±0.6)％ vs (15.4±1.6)％,t=8.09,P＜0.05],higher levels of mRNA and p53 and p21 protein.Leptin treatment in vivo also down-regulated the frequency of Treg cells [(2.77±0.23)％ vs (5.01±0.18)％ t=3.91,P＜0.01],and up-regulated Th17 cells [(2.24± 0.11)％ vs (1.74±0.07)％,t=5.013,P＜0.01].The titer of ANA was further increased in leptin-treated MRL/lpr mice [(288±69) U/ml vs (190±90) U/ml,t=2.84,P＜0.05].The levels of serum anti-dsDNA antibody were also remarkably elevated [(12 399±1 237) U/ml vs (6 217±1 304) U/ml,t=3.44,P＜0.01].Leptin could increase the secretion of total IgG [MRL/Ipr (27.2±2.9) mg/ml vs (25.0±3.3) mg/ml,t=3.07,P＜0.05].The proteinuria concentration was increased in lupus mice [(1.00±0.10) mg/ml vs (0.81 ±0.06) mg/ml,t=3.31,P＜0.05],demonstrating that leptin accelerates lupus nephritis.Conclusion Leptin administr-ation in vivo enhances the senescence of bone marrow derived MSCs,dys-regulate of Treg/Th17 cells from MRL/Ipr mice,which impaires the role of immuno-modulation,and aggravates the progress of lupus disease.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of complement C3 with clinical and serological features of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.MethodsData was collected by the same methods in the past ten years in fifteen hospitals in Jiangsu Province and then data weres summarized for retrospective analysis.Clinical and laboratory data were selected and then analyzed by Chi-square test,Wilcoxon rank sum test and Logistic regression.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and five patients were investigated.One thousand and forty two had low serum complement C3 level.In this case control study,hospitalization age,disease course,admission times,pleurisy,gastrointestinal involvement,general lymphadenopathy/hepatosplenomegaly,white blood cell count, haemoglobin level,platelet count, serum C-reactive protein level,serum albumin level,serum creatinine level,Urine protein quantification,anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA),anti-dsDNAantibodies, anti-SmantibodiesandSLEDAIscore were possible factors associatedwith complement C3 reduction(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that CRP (OR=0.396,0.254-0.617,P=0.000),ANA (OR=2.907,1.267-6.670,P=0.012),urine protein level(OR=1.702,1.043-2.779,P=0.033) and SLEDAI score (OR-0.930, 0.886-0.975,P-0.003) were correlated with complement C3 reduction.Conclusion Complement C3 level is valuable for lupus flare assessment.The complement C3 reduction is a risk factor for renal impairment.

Objective To investigate the initial manifestation and disease onset feature of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) in the past ten years in fifteen hospitals in Jiangsu Province.Methods Data was collected by the same Methodsin all the participated hospitals and then it was summarized for retrospective analysis.Two groups were compared by chi-square test.Results ① One thousand nine hundred and fifty eight patients were investigated and the male-to-female ratio was 1∶15.0.② One thousand seven hundred and ninty eight patients had clear initial manifestations.The most common initial manifestations were skin and mucosal lesions(769 cases,42.8％ ) and arthritis (697 cases,38.8％ ).The main skin lesion was malar rash (706 cases).Arthritis was found to be more common in female than male.③ All hospitalized patients at their first admission showed multiple organ/system involvement:the most common involvement was skin and mucous membrane (82.3％),hematologic damage (74.0％),in which at least one series of blood cells were involved,arthritis (1156 cases,56.5％ ) much more than myositis (51 cases),proteinuria 1046 cases and hematuria in 385 cases.Renal biopsy pathology showed type Ⅳ glomerulonephritis.Conclusion ① SLE patients are mainly female and the male to female ratio is 1∶15.0.② The most common initial manifestations are skin and mucosal lesions.③ The most commonly involved organ/system are skin and mucous membrane,blood,joint and kidney.The most common pathological changes shown in renal biopsy is type Ⅳ glomerulonephritis.