It′s reported that RNA-binding proteins ( RBP) play key roles in post-transcriptional regulation of eukaryotic genes.The aberrations of RBP are associated with a large number of human disorders , particularly autoimmune and neuro-logic diseases .The interaction between RNA and proteins has been widely explored since the development of the method known as RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis (RIP-ChIP) around the year of 2000. Since then, diverse derivatives of the RIP-ChIP, such as ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation ( CLIP), high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library (HITS-CLIP), photoactivatable -ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation ( PAR-CLIP) , and individual nucleotide resolution CLIP ( iCLIP ) have been developed .All these methods have some advantages over the original RIP-ChIP and greatly facilitate the study of RBP-RNA interactions .Addi-tionally , aided by the next-generation sequencing , transcriptome-wide identification of RBP target sites has become possible and the RNA-binding site resolution of RBP has also improved to some degree .We introduced the basic principles and processes of the interactions between proteins and RNA , focusing on the advantages , disadvantages and prospect of the present genome-wide version of CLIP .

Objective To clarify the mechanism of immediate early response gene 5 (ler5)transcription induced by radiation. Methods Deletant construction, site-specific mutagenesis,electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to forecast the promoter region,binding sites and transcription factors of Ier5 gene in HeLa cells.Results The promoter region of Ier5 gene might be in the region of Ier5 -8 deletant ( -408 - -238 bp).The Ier5 gene had two transcription factors of GCF and NFI,and GCF had two binding sites located in the region of - 388 - - 382 bp and - 274 - - 270 bp of Ier5 promoter.The binding site of NFI was located in - 362 --357 bp of Ier5 promoter. GCF could inhibit the expression of Ier5 gene and this inhibition was diminished when the radiation dose increased. In contrast, NFI increased the expression of Ier5.Conclusions The most possible region of Ier5 promoter is from -408 to - 238 bp which has two binding sites for the radiosensitivity transcription factors of GCF and NFI that could negatively and positively regulate the expression of Ier5 respectively.

Objective To investigate the value of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) on assessing pulmonary vascular properties (PVPs) and its relationship with hemodynamics,and mortality rate in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease (PAH-CTD).Methods Patients (n =51) with highly suspected PAH-CTD were prospectively enrolled in our department between July 2011 and March 2014.All patients underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) and IVUS,and were divided into 3 groups:PAH-CTD (n =25),PAH due to other reasons (n =15),and non-PAH control group (n=11).Based on IVUS,PAH patients were divided into distal (n =22) and proximal (n =18) remodeling subtypes.A total of 408 pulmonary segments were detected by IVUS,and all patients were followed up to (19 ± 10) months.Results IVUS evidenced higher mean wall thickness (MWT) ((0.30 ± 0.02) mm and (0.33 ± 0.02) mm vs.(0.21 ± 0.02) rmm) and percentage of MWT (WTP) ((13.62 ± 0.59)％ and (14.39 0.77)％ vs.(9.57 ±0.97)％) values in PAH patients compared to control patients (all P ＜ 0.01).Pulmonary vascular mechanical properties (PVMPs) including compliance ((8.85 ± 0.82) × 10 2-mm2/mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) and (6.28 ± 0.65) × 10--2 mm2/mmHg vs.(41.59 ± 5.02) × 10-2 mm2-/mmHg,all P ＜ 0.01),distensibility ((0.83 ± 0.09)％/mmHg and (0.55 ±0.06)％/mmHg vs.(3.16 ±0.38) ％/mmHg,all P ＜0.01),elastic modulus ((169.25 ± 15.10) mmHg and (253.00 ± 22.11) mmHg vs.(43.78 ± 4.27) mmHg,all P ＜ 0.01) and stiffness index 3 (4.19 ±0.41 and 5.18 ±0.34 vs.2.39 ±0.27,P ＜0.05 or 0.01) in PAH groups were all significantly worse than in control group (all P ＜0.01).An inverse exponential association was found between PVMPs and hemodynamics with R2 ranging from 0.544 to 0.777 (P ＜0.001).PVMPs tended to be better in group PAH-CTD than in PAH group due to other reasons.Mortality rate was similar between the two PAH groups,while PAH with distal remodeling subtype was linked with significantly higher mortality rate than PAH with the proximal remodeling subtype (23 ％ vs.0,HR =10.14,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions IVUS plays an important role in the assessment of PAH-CTD patients in terms of evaluating PVPs and predicting mortality rate.PAH patients have deteriorated PVPs,but PVMPs tended to be better in PAH-CTD than in PAH patients due to other reasons.The mortality rate was similar between PAH groups,while PAH patients with the distal remodeling subtype is linked with a higher mortality rate than PAH patients with the proximal remodeling subtype.

Teaching in experiments of biology is important for the cultivation of life science talents. In view of the rapid development of life science and the increasing demand for research-oriented talent training, teaching in experiments of biology should set up a variety of learning outcomes: to train experimental skill, to cultivate students' experimental design and operation abilities, and to improve students' scientific thinking and innovative consciousness. We have carried out an educational reform on experimental genetic engineering blended course. In this paper, we introduced our methods of organizing online materials, the curriculum design of the blended course, the implementation details, and a preliminary analysis of teaching effects. We found that experimental genetic engineering blended course could support students' active learning and a learning-centered teaching model. Moreover, it could facilitate students' achievement of improving experimental skills, cultivating a rigorous scientific attitude, professional research quality and academic innovation ability.
Biological Science Disciplines ; Curriculum ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Students

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the pathogenic role of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in pulmonary hyper-permeability and inflammation induced by lung-protective mechanical ventilation (LPMV) in rabbits. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy Japanese white rabbits were randomized into 4 groups for treatment with vehicle or bestatin (a leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor that inhibits LTB4 production) administered intragastrically at the daily dose of 8 mg/kg for 5 days, followed by sham operation (group S and group BS, respectively, in which the rabbits were anesthetized only) or LPMV (group PM and group BPM, respectively, in which the rabbits received ventilation with 50% oxygen at a tidal volume of 8 mL/kg for 5 h). The concentrations of LTB4 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the lung tissues were analyzed by ELISA. cAMP content, protein kinase A (PKA) protein expression and the Rap1-GTP protein to total Rap1 protein ratio were determined to assess the activities of cAMP/PKA and Rap1 signaling pathways. The lung injury was evaluated by assessing lung permeability index, lung wet/dry weight ratio, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and lung histological scores. RESULTS: None of the examined parameters differed significantly between group S and group BS. All the parameters with the exception of lung histological score increased significantly in group PM and group BPM as compared to those in group S ( CONCLUSIONS LPMV can induce LTB4 overproduction to down-regulate cAMP/PKA and Rap1 signaling pathways in the lungs of rabbits, which results in lung hyper-permeability and inflammation. Bestatin can inhibit LTB4 production in the lungs to protect against LPMV-induced lung hyper-permeability and inflammation.
Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Leukotriene B4 ; Lung ; Lung Injury/prevention & control* ; Neutrophils ; Rabbits ; Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects*

Background music has been increasingly affecting people's lives. The research on the influence of background music on working memory has become a hot topic in brain science. In this paper, an improved electroencephalography (EEG) experiment based on n-back paradigm was designed. Fifteen university students without musical training were randomly selected to participate in the experiment, and their behavioral data and the EEG data were collected synchronously in order to explore the influence of different types of background music on spatial positioning cognition working memory. The exact low-resolution brain tomography algorithm (eLORETA) was applied to localize the EEG sources and the cross-correlation method was used to construct the cortical brain function networks based on the EEG source signals. Then the characteristics of the networks under different conditions were analyzed and compared to study the effects of background music on people's working memory. The results showed that the difference of peak periods after stimulated by different types of background music were mainly distributed in the signals of occipital lobe and temporal lobe ( < 0.05). The analysis results showed that the brain connectivity under the condition with background music were stronger than those under the condition without music. The connectivities in the right occipital and temporal lobes under the condition of rock music were significantly higher than those under the condition of classical music. The node degrees, the betweenness centrality and the clustering coefficients under the condition without music were lower than those under the condition with background music. The node degrees and clustering coefficients under the condition of classical music were lower than those under the condition of rock music. It indicates that music stimulation increases the brain activity and has an impact on the working memory, and the effect of rock music is more remarkable than that of classical music. The behavioral data showed that the response accuracy in the state of no music, classical music and rock music were 86.09% ± 0.090%, 80.96% ± 0.960% and 79.36% ± 0.360%, respectively. We conclude that background music has a negative impact on the working memory, for it takes up the cognitive resources and reduces the cognitive ability of spatial location.
Brain ; Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Memory, Short-Term ; Music

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