Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. In China, approximately 42%of new cancer cas-es are documented. However, the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer remains poor because of high recurrence and metastatic rates. In gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis, malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is often detected. Many of these patients endure excruciating pain because of ineffective diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, the symptoms of many patients with MBO have been effectively relieved after somatostatin and other drugs have been administered. Other patients with MBO have been provided the chance to undergo chemotherapy, and their survival time has been prolonged. Hence, the diagnosis and treatment of these patients could be im-proved by further advancements in basic and clinical research in cancer therapy.

Objective To observe the effect of bortezomib on acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in an aGVHD model of mice and investigate the related mechanism. Methods Male C57BL/6( H-2Kb)mice were used as donors and female Balb/c (H-2Kd) mice used as recipients. Balb/c mice received total body irradiation (TBI) by 7.0 Gy X-radiation, and randomly divided into five groups. normal (group A), TBI (group B), TBI + bortezomib (group C), TBI + bone marrow cells (BMC) + spleen cells (SC) (group D) and TBI + bortezomib + BMC + SC (group E). The physical signs and the pathological damage of aGVHD, mean survival time, and chimerism were observed in recipients. The NF-κB p65 levels in nuclei of the liver and small intestine tissues of groups A,B and C were analyzed by Western blot. Results ( 1 ) The clinical aGVHD score in group D was (7.37±0. 32), significantly higher than in group E (5.85 ± 0.40) (P＜0. 05). Histopathology of the gut, liver and skin illuminated that the Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree GVHD occurred in group D. The occurrence of aGVHD in group E was later than in group D. The symptoms and the pathological damage of aGVHD in group E were milder than in group D. The average survival time in group E was significantly longer than that in group D (P＜0.05). The percentage of donor-derived cells in recipient mice was above 90% at day 12 after transplantation; (2) NF-κB p65 levels in nuclei of the liver and small intestine tissues in group B was significantly higher than in group C on the day 1,3 and 5 (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Bortezomib can inhibit the activation and expression of NF-κB,which may be the underlying mechanism for it to relieve aGVHD.

Objective:To develop a catalytic system for the asymmetric Morita-Baylis-Hillman ( MBH) reaction of conjugated ni-troalkene with activated aldehyde, and screen out the chiral catalysts with high activity and enantioselectivity. Methods: Totally 21 chiral organocatalysts were applied in the asymmetric MBH reaction ofβ-nitrostyrene with ethyl glyoxylate, and the ee value was deter-mined by chiral HPLC. The effects of temperature, solvent and substrate ratio on the catalytic reaction were investigated. Results: In the presence of cinchona alkaloid catalyst (DHQ)2AQN, β-nitrostyrene reacted with ethyl glyoxylate in toluene at 0℃ affording the MBH adduct in 60% yield with good enantioselectivity (up to 56.9% ee). Conclusion: The bis-cinchona alkaloids with aromatic bridging group are the efficient catalysts for the asymmetric MBH reaction ofβ-nitrostyrene with ethyl glyoxylate, and moderate isolated yield and enantioselectivity are obtained.

Objective To (e)xplore inhibition of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) against hepatic vein thrombosis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT).Methods Balb/c mice were randomly divided into three groups: (1) BMT group [Balb/c mice were injected intravenously with 5 × 106 bone marrow cells after total body irradiation (TBI)]; (2) EPCs co-transfusion with bone marrow cells group: 5 × 105 EPCs were infused into recipient mice simultaneously; (3) Normal control group.Liver index was detected on the day 0,5,10,15 and 20 after transplantation.Hepatic vein thrombosis,hepatic cells and vascular endothelial damage were observed under the light microscopy after H&E staining.The injury of liver cells,liver veins,hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs)and platelet adhesion conditions were observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM).The proportion of activated platelets and TNF-α concentration in peripheral blood were detected by using flow cytometry.Results On the day 0,5,10,15 and 20 after transplantation,the proportion of activated platelets,liver index and TNF-α concentrations in BMT group and EPCs co-transfusion group showed an upward trend,peaked on the 15th day,and then decreased.However,they were still significantly higher than those in normal control group (P＜0.05).The above parameters in EPCs co-transfusion group at each time point were significantly lower than those in BMT group (P＜0.05).As compared with BMT group,platelet adhesion decreased,hepatic vein thromboses were reduced,hepatocyte swelling and necrosis were alleviated,and liver damage repaired rapidly in EPCs co-transfusion group.Conclusion EPCs co-transfusion with bone marrow cells could inhibit the hepatic veins thrombosis and ameliorate liver damage significantly.

Objective To explore the relationship between angiogenin-1/2 (Ang-1/2) and clinical parameters of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and to assess the value of Ang-1/2 in predicting the prognosis of patients with IPF.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted. Ninety-one patients diagnosed as IPF by high resolution CT (HRCT) and lung biopsy admitted to Daqing Oil Field General Hospitalfrom March 2014 to January 2015 were enrolled. The general data, serum parameters and pulmonary function parameters of all patients were collected. After treatment, all of the 91 patients were followed-up to 2 years. The patients were divided into favorable prognosis group and unfavorable prognosis group according to follow-up results. The differences in all parameters between the two groups werecompared. The relationship between Ang-1, Ang-2 and lung function parameters was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the effect of clinical parameters on the prognosis of patients with IPF. The effect of Ang-2 in predicting prognosis of patients with IPF was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results During the 2-year follow-up period, 30 of 91 patients showed a favorable prognosis, and 55 showed an unfavorable prognosis with a poor prognosis rate of 64.71%, and 6 patients withdrew from the study due to loss of follow-up and death. Compared with the favorable prognosis group, Ang-2 level in the unfavorable prognosis group was significantly increased (μg/L: 2.88±1.63 vs. 1.89±1.22,t = 2.909,P= 0.005), but Ang-1 only showed a slight increase (μg/L: 28.70±14.26 vs. 25.62±11.95,t = 1.005,P = 0.318). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that Ang-2 level was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FVC1) and the percentage of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity accounting for the expected value (DLCO%;r value was -0.227 and -0.206, andP value was 0.147 and 0.253, respectively), but no significant correlation between the level of Ang-1 and FVC1 as well as DLCO% was found (r value was -0.153 and -0.121, andP value was 0.147 and 0.253, respectively). Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that the prognosis of patients with IPF was significantly affected by smoking time and Ang-2 (bothP< 0.05), and the influence of Ang-2 was greater [relative risk (RR): 1.236 vs. 1.006, P= 0.037]. Age, gender, smoking and the levels of FVC1, DLCO% and Ang-1 had no significant effect on the prognosis of IPF patients (allP> 0.05). Prognostic analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of Ang-2 for predicting prognosis of patients with IPF was 0.692, and the best diagnostic point was 0.35μg/L, the sensitivity was 61.8%, the specificity was 73.3%, the positive predictive value was 69.8%, and the negative predictive value was 65.7% which indicated that Ang-2 could predict the prognosis of patients with IPF.Conclusion Ang-2 could assess the prognosis of patients with IPF, which is expected to be used as an indicator of predicting the prognosis of patients with IPF.

Objective To explore the different expression of NF-κB in both K562 and its multidrug resistant cell line K562/A02 and discuss the mechanism of muhidrug resistance(MDR). Methods To detect the growing feature of the cells. Flow cytometry was used to analys the difference between the distribution profile of K562/S and K562/A02 cell. MTT colorimetry was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of adramycin, and expression of mdrl gene was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase poly-merase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in K562 and K562/A02 cells. FACS was used to determine the expression and function of glycoprotein (P-gp) on the cell membrane. Western blotting was used to determine the NF-κB p65protein in nueleus. Results There was a difference between K562 and K562/A02 cells growed in a halfadherent way rather than suspending ones, there were increases in the percentage number of cells at G0/G1 and S phases(P ＜0.05). This was mirrored by a decreasing number of cells within the G2/M phase(P＜0.05). Butthere was no difference in apoptosis rate(P ＞0.05). mdr1 mRNA was detected in K562/A02 cells, in which the expression P-gp was much higher [(94.17±0.89)%:(1.41 ±O.491)%]. NF-κB p65 protein in nucleus was overexpressed in K562/A02 cells. Conclusion The activation of NF-κB signaling pathway may attribute to the formation of MDR in K562/A02 cells.

There are two major stage classification systems for gastric cancer: the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging by the International Union against Cancer (UICC)/the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC) and the Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma by the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association(JGCA). The evolution of these two systems showed the advancement of gastric cancer treatment. The independence of TNM and JGCA staging system is not conducive to global communication and cooperation. The integration of 2010 Japan's 14th edition of the General Rules for Gastric Cancer Study and the 7th edition of UICC/AJCC TNM staging formed an internationally unified clinical staging system. TNM staging determined by the N factor according to the number of lymph node metastasis more accurately stratified the survival curves of different stages. On January 1, 2018, the 8th edition of the TNM staging system for gastric cancer was officially implemented. The 8th edition of TNM staging provided a new definition of the staging criteria for esophagogastric junction cancer. On the basis of a single staging system, clinical TNM staging(cTNM) and neoadjuvant treatment staging (ypTNM) were added. N3a and N3b were seperately staged, and adjustments were made to the histological grading. A comprehensive treatment plan was determined by accurate clinical staging in the model of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment for gastric cancer. Comprehensive application of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), multi-slice spiral CT(MDCT), positron computed tomography combined with CT(PET-CT), and staging laparoscopy can improve the accuracy of preoperative staging of gastric cancer. The emergence of ypTNM staging is a highlight of the 8th edition of the staging, but due to insufficient case data for cTNM and ypTNM staging, the staging criteria are relatively broad, and more data validation, refinement and revision are required in the future. The 8th edition system is superior to the 7th edition system in terms of homogeneity, discriminatory ability, and monotonicity of gradients for Chinese patients with gastric cancer. The new version of the staging can guide clinicians to develop treatment plans more rationally, evaluate the treatment more scientifically, and assess the prognosis more accurately. New lymph node staging methods such as metastatic rate(rN), log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS), and a new staging system based on the anatomical range of lymph node metastasis can also better predict the prognosis of patients. At present, molecular type of gastric cancer has little significance for prognosis guidance, and may be rewritten or supplemented with TNM staging of gastric cancer in the future. This article discusses the history, current status and research progress of gastric cancer staging.

The Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) published the guidelines 2019 for the treatment of colorectal cancer in March 2019. The new edition expanded the indications of endoscopic treatment, enriched the follow-up recommendations after endoscopic resection of early colorectal cancer, supplemented the indications of ISR and added the recommendations of lymph node recurrence and peritoneal recurrence. In the new edition, the adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy schemes were revised and patients with first-line chemotherapy were divided into three categories as follows: appropriate for intensive systemic therapy (fit), inappropriate for intensive systemic therapy (vulnerable), and inappropriate for systemic therapy (frail). The new edition of guidelines can also provide references to the doctors of colorectal cancer in our country. This article intends to interpret the essentials of this new edition.

Objective To establish a reproducible mouse model of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (aallo-ABMT) and explore its pathogenesis.Methods Balb/c mice were randomly divided into three groups:(1) normal saline (NS) control group; (2) total body irradiation (TBI) group; (3) allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) group.Liver weight,total bilirubin (TBil),tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-a),interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) were detected on the day 0,5,10,15 and 20 after transplantation.Hepatic vein and sinusoid congestion,infiltration of inflanmatory cells,and damage to hepatic cells and vascular endothelial cells were observed under the light microscopy after HE staining.Fibrosis of hepatic sinusoids and venule was observed under the light microscopy after Masson staining.Results Liver weight and TBil levels were elevated at 5th day and reached the peak at 15th day after all-ABMT.The changes of hepatic congestion and edema were obviously observed and there was infiltration of inflammatory cells at 5th and 10th day after alloABMT.At 15th and 20th day,hepatic congestion,edema and necrosis were reduced and liver damage was mainly presented with liver fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration.All mice died within 10 days after TBI,and hepatic congestion and edema were aggravated.As compared with NS control group,TNF-α,IL-6 and MCP-1 concentrations were significantly increased after all-ABMT.Conclusion A reproducible mouse model of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after all-ABMT was successfully established,and the pathogenesis was closely related to endothelial damage caused by total body irradiation,inflammatory cell infiltration and increased concentrations of cytokines.

Objective Evaluation of cerebral blood flow in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) using cerebral CT perfusion imaging.Methods CT perfusion scan was performed on a consecutive series of 20 patients with clinical definite TIA.Following their initial CT scan at acute stage of TIA, patients underwent two repeat CT perfusion scanning of region of interest at acute stage and one month after symptom remission.Results Mild to moderate decrease in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and unchanged or mildly decrease in regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were observed at acute stage in the majority cases.Normal cerebral perfusion was found in 12 cases and mild to moderate decrease of rCBF in 8 cases one month after TIA.During the one-year follow-up period, all of 12 cases with normal cerebral perfusion did not have recurrence while among 8 cases with mild to moderate decrease of rCBF at initial scan, 6 cases had recurrent TIA or cerebral infarction and 2 cases did not have recurrence.Patients with more severe cerebral perfusion defects usually had a shorter interval time between two attacks.Conclusions Intensive intervention should be performed on patients with severe and long lasting decrease of cerebral perfusion.