Tight junctions(TJ) are the primary junctions between intestinal epithelia.TJ serves as the maintenance of epithelial cell polarity and the rate-limiting barrier to passive movement of hydrophilic solutes across intestinal epithelia.The disrupture of TJ may cause or promote some diseases.This review is about structure,biological functions,molecular regulating mechanisms of intestinal epithelial tight junctions and some related diseases.

The literatures of biomedical big data are collected with the database of WOS as the data sources.CiteSpace and VOS-Viewer are used to draw scientific knowledge maps to analyze the research strength,research hotspot and evolution trend of current biomedical big data research in the paper.

Objective To compare the body weight,height,head circumference of premature babies fed by different ways,and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages.Methods 260 premature infants were selected as the research subjects,according to random number table,they were divided into four groups.Group A:premature infant formula feeding,80 cases;Group B:pure breast feeding group,60 cases;Group C:normal full term formula feeding,60 cases;Group D:premature infant formula mixed breast feeding,60 cases.All children were fed at the first 12 to 24h after birth.The body weight,height,head circumference and catch up full term time were evaluation index. Results After correct gestational age 40 weeks,group B children'weight,height,head circumference were higher than other groups,group C was the lowest levels,the difference was statistically significant (F =3.563,P <0.05).Correct gestational age 1,3,6 months later,group A children'weight,height and head circumference index were higher than other feeding group,the level of group D was the second,the lowest level was group C,the differences were statistically significant (F =3.011,2.853,2.779,all P <0.05).In 6 months,group A,38.8% (31 /80),was the fastest one to reach the full term infant,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =29.149,P <0.05).At other time,the pur-suing number of group A was bigger,but there was no statistically significant difference.Conclusion For premature babies,preterm infant formula milk powder or premature infant formula and milk feeding way is better than that of pure breast feeding and normal full term milk powder,which can guarantee the children's nutrition demand,shorten the time of pursuing full term infant,promote baby's health.

Objective To observe the hypoglycemic effect of total flavonoids from mulberry tree leaf (MTF) on diabetic rats and the effect of MTF on disaccharidases from rats. Methods Diabetic rats were treated with MTF, and then the change of blood glucose of these rats was observed; the brush border membrane from the small intestine of rats was stripped and homogenized, which was incubated with MTF and disaccharides, and the inhibitory rate of MTF on disaccharidases was determined. Blood samples from portal and peripheral veins were separately collected at 30, 60, 120 min after maltose solution was infused into small intestine in vivo, then the difference of blood glucose concentration between portal and peripheral veins was determined. Results MTF exerted a hypoglycemic effect on diabetic rats by inhibition of disaccharidases, the inhibitory rate of sucrase, maltase and lactase was 68.0%, 47.1%, 27.8% respectively, the difference of blood glucose concentration between portal and peripheral veins was also reduced. Conclusion The hypoglycemic effect of MTF on diabetic rats is probably via the inhibitory effect on small intestine disaccharidases in rats.

Objective: A marked deficiency of glutamine in clinical critical illness is correlated with mortality in the intensive care unit, and intestinal glutamine transport was reported to be impaired in late sepsis. Berberine was reported to protect against the intestine injury, and improve the survival rate in sepsis. We designed this study to gain further knowledge of the intestinal glutamine transport in early and late sepsis, and to find out whether beberine pretreatment has some effect on glutamine transport in sepsis. Methods: Berberine (50 mg/kg) was given intragastrically once a day for 5 days, and sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture on day 5. The small intestinal samples were collected at 0, 2, 6, 12, 24 h. Intestinal brush border membrane vesicles were prepared by Mg~(2+) aggregation-differential centrifugation techniques, and brush border glutamine transport was studied by a rapid filtration technique. Results: Under control condition, Na~+-dependent glutamine transport accounted for about 90% of the total transport. The relative contributions of ATA2, ATB~(0,+), B~0AT1 were about 12, 25, 63%, respectively. Septic rats showed an early increase and a late decrease in intestinal glutamine transport. ATA2 had an earlier increase in the early stage, while B0AT1 had no significant increase. Berberine pretreated group had a relative less increase in early phase and a less decrease in late phase compared to sepsis group. Conclusion: Rat intestinal glutamine transport showed an early increase and a late decrease in sepsis, and berberine pretreatment could attenuate the impairment of glutamine transport in sepsis. It may provide some information for sepsis treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, treatments and prognostic factors of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in the female genital tract. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 13 cases of RMS in the female genital tract. Clinical characteristics, treatments and prognosis were compared and analyzed statistically. Results The median age was 21.0 years (range, 6 to 54 years). There were 6 cases vaginal RMS and 7 cases cervical RMS, included 11 cases of embryonal RMS (ERMS) and 2 cases of alveolar RMS (ARMS). According to the Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)staging system,there were 6 cases of stageⅠ, 3 cases of stageⅡ, 1 case of stageⅢand 3 cases of stage Ⅳ, the median survival time were respectively 112.5, 153.0, 9.0 and 3.5 months. According to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcom Study Group (IRSG) staging system, there were 10 cases of stageⅠ and 3 cases of the stage Ⅳ, and their median survival time were respectively 112.5 and 3.5 months. Nine patients received surgery and the median survival time was 108.0 months (range, 9 to 228 months), 6 of them received chemotherapy after surgery and the median survival time was 152.0 months (range, 9 to 228 months), the other 3 cases did not receive any therapy after surgery and the median survival time was 25.0 months (range, 9 to 108 months). Four patients did not receive surgery and the median survival time was 6.3 months (range, 1 to 117 months). There were 2 cases received combined treatment included radiotherapy and the survival time were respectively 4 and 198 months. There were 8 cases who was survival without disease and 5 cases died of cancer. The median survival time in 13 patients was 25.0 months (range, 1 to 228 months) and the 5-year overall survival rate was 58.6%. Conclusions The prognosis of early stage of RMS in the female genital tract is good. While, the prognosis of advanced stage is poor. The standard treatment strategy is combination of surgery and chemotherapy,whether radiotherapy could improve the prognosis still need further study.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes and the prognostic factors for advanced squamous cervical cancer after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).Methods Totally 172 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage Ⅱ b-Ⅳ who were treated in Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2007 and December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were received external radiotherapy,high-dose rate brachytherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy concurrently.Results The median follow-up period was 54.5 months.The 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) were separately 81.5％ and 68.8％.The 2-year and 5-year progress-free survival (PFS) were separately 69.2％ and 63.1％.Using univariate analysis followed with multivariate analysis,the results showed that these clinicopathological factors including stage (Ⅲ and above versus Ⅱ b; P =0.021,HR =1.95 ; P =0.020,HR =1.86),maximum diameter of local tumor size (＞4 versus ≤4 cm; P =0.009,HR =2.55 ; P =0.033,HR =1.94),squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) level before treatment (＞3 versus ≤3 μg/L; P =0.010,HR =2.47; P =0.013,HR =2.09) and retroperitoneal lymph node status on imaging (para-aortic lymph node positive versus negative,P =0.009,HR =3.00,P=0.010,HR =2.74; pelvic lymph node positive only versus negative,P =0.044,HR =1.98,P =0.033,HR =1.92) had the significant effect on OS and PFS.Patients with no above adverse prognostic factor were assigned to Group A (n =18),those with one factor were assigned to Group B (n =43),and those with no less than two factors were assigned to Group C (n =1 11).Among three groups,the 2-year OS were separately 94.1％,97.7％ and 73.1％,the 5-year OS were separately 81.4％,90.1％ and 58.6％,the 2-year PFS were separately 88.2％,90.4％ and 57.9％,the 5-year PFS were 82.4％,87.9％ and 50.0％.The results showed that group C was significant difference from Group A or B in OS and PFS (all P ＜ 0.05),while Group A had no significant difference from Group B in OS and PFS (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Stage Ⅲ or above,maximum diameter of local tumor size ＞ 4 cm,SCC level ＞ 3 μg/L before treatment and positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes on imaging are four independent adverse factors for prognosis of squamous cervical cancer of advanced stage after CCRT.The treatment of patients with no less than two adverse factors should be considered to be improved.

Objective To analyse the clinical and pathological characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of vulvar Bowen's disease.Methods Clinical data including pathological characteristics,diagnosis,treatment methods and follow-up of 18 cases with vulvar Bowen's disease admitted to Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences during January 1991 to June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The median age of the 18 patients was 37 years (range:23 to 64 years).Sixteen patients had symptoms of vulvar itching and two patients had no symptom.Five cases were single neoplasm focus and the other 13 cases were multiple focuses.The diagnosis of vulvar Bowen's disease was according to the pathological diagnosis.Its diagnostic characteristic was giant round or ovoid cells with mono nucleolus in the whole layer of epidermis.All the patients received operation,eleven with simple vulvectomy and other seven cases with lumpectomy.The median follow-up time was 123 months (range:5 to 197 months).Relapse was found in two cases.One patient relapsed five months postoperation and received vulvectomy.Another patient relapsed fifteen moths post-operation and received lumpectomy again.And they were follow-up for 192months and 55 months respectively after second operation without relapse.Conclusions The diagnostic characteristic of vulvar Bowen's disease is giant round or ovoid cell with mono nucleolus in the whole layer of epidermis,itsdiagnosis is according to the pathological diagnosis.Operation could get very good curative effect for patients with primary vulvar Bowen's disease and even for the recurrent patients.The prognosis of vulvar Bowen's disease is good.

Objective To investigate the impact of squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCCAg)in patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.Methods Totally 72 patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated at the Cancer Hospital,Peking Union Medical College,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,between 1999 and 2005 were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the impact of SCCAg on diagnosis and prognosis by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results This study included 30 patients with recurrent disease after primary radical surgery and 42 patients with recurrent cervical cancer after radio-chemotherapy.Sixty one patients(85%)had serum SCCAg elevated (≥1.5 pg/L),and 20 of these(28%)had an increase of SCCAg before clinical manifestation of relapse.The median leading time was 3 months(range:1-13 months).Forty five patients had no symptoms with only SCCAg elevation,and 15 patients experienced leg edema and(or)sciatic pain,7 patients suffered from irregular bleeding and 5 patients had symptoms resulting from distant metastasis.Thirty three patients were diagnosed by histology biopsy and (or) cytology,39 patients were diagnosed with SCCAg elevation and clinical and radiological examinations,29 of these patients were diagnosed only by SCCAg elevation and CT or MRI.Fourteen patients recurred limited to the cervix or to the cervix and adjacent tissues(central recurrence),31 cases recurred at pelvis,and 20 patients with distant metastasis and 7 patients suffered from Pelvic recurrence and distant metastasis.Twenty three cases received salvage therapy including surgery for patients recurring after definitive radiotherapy and radiotherapy and or conform radiotherapy for patients after primary radical surgery,46 patients were given palliative chemotherapy and or radiotherapy,and 3 patients refused any treatment.The median and mean survival time were 11 months and 23 months respectively(2-62 months).The 3-year,5-year overall survival rate were 25%and 19%respectively.Univariate analysis showed SCCAg elevation before primary treatment,grade,recurrent site,treatment method,SCCAg≥10pg/L,SCCAg elevation during treatment,and SCCAg not within normal after treatment were correlated with 3-year survival rate.Twenty patients had an increase of SCCAg before clinical manifestation of relapse compared with other patients who did not,and the 3-year survival rate was not significantly different (22% vs 27%). Multivariate analysis revealed that only grade and treatment methods were independent risk factors. Conclusion The impact of the SCCAg in recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix needs further study.

Objective To explore the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) blockade therapy on circulating Th17 cell percentage and serum interleukin (IL)-17 level in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods Twenty-seven RA and 22 AS patients were recruited, of which 14 cases from both diseases received 40 weeks TNF blockade therapy. Twenty-four healthy blood donors were used as controls. The frequencies of circulating Th17 cells were determined by flowcytometry, and serum IL-17 level were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results Significantly higher baseline circulating Th17 cells were observed in active RA and AS patients compared with the healthy controls[RA 1.03%(0.66%,1.78%) vs controls 0.50%(0.43%,0.67%), Z=-3.236, P<0.01; AS(1.16±0.09)%vs controls (0.59 ±0.061)% , t =5.226, P <0.01]. Similarly, serum IL-17 level were significantly elevated in patients with both diseases compared with controls[RA(32.3±2.5) pg/ml vs controls(14.3±2.5) pg/ml, t=5.070, P<0.01; AS 28.98(23.84,36.14) pg/ml vs controls 11.84(5.33,22.12) pg/ml, Z=-4.103, P<0.01]. After TNF-α blockade therapy, serum IL-17 was significantly decreased in both diseases groups[RA △(-13.5± 5.0) pg/ml and AS △(-16.0±1.9) pg/ml]. In contrast, no significant differences were found in the frequencies of circulating Th17 cells[RA △(0.104 5±0.212 6)% and AS △(0.002 5±0.183 8)%]. Conclusion Th17 cells and IL-17 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA and AS. TNF-α blockade can partially inhibit the function of Th17 cells. However, it is unable to reduce the frequencies of these cells in the circulation after 40 weeks therapy, which may explain the reasons for the relapse.