Herba Epimedii (named Yinyanghuo in Chinese) of the family Berberidaceae is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) recorded in the pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.Total flavonoids of Epimedium (TFE) are considered to be its active components.TFE content was measured by ultraviolet method and its representative constituents,icariin and epimedin C,were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.The test results from 36 samples of 4 species showed that the contents differed significantly in different species.The average data of the summation (icariin and epimedin C) content were 20.83,7.61,14.43,23.29 mg/g in Epimedium pubescens Maxim.,E.koreanum Nakai.,E.brevicornum Maxim.,E.sagittatum (Sieb.Et Zucc.) Maxim.,respectively.Both E.sagittatum and E.pubescens performed better than the other two batches.E.sagittatum hardly has any circulation in Chinese herbal medicine market.The results showed that E.pubescens,which had much more amounts of icariin,epimedin C and TFE than those of other species,has a better quality and may be considered as potential anti-osteoporosis drug.

This study is designed to test the agreement in measuring left ventricular systolic function between transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography (2DTTE) and "gold standard" of non-invasive cardiac imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) and their impacts on the classification of patients according to the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). 32 patients who were suspected with heart disease were evaluated by CMRI and 2DTTE examinations. End diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), EF and left ventricular function category were then calculated and compared. There was no significant difference (P=0.504) for EDV, while ESV of CMRI was significantly higher than that of 2DTTE (P=0.049), and EF of CMRI was significantly lower than that of 2DTTE (P= 0.018). There was no significant difference (P=0.077) in left ventricular functional category. Bland-Altman analysis of LV volumetric data and EF measurements showed a good agreement between two methods. The 2DTTE over-estimated I (n=5) or II (n=1) degrees of functional classification when compared with the CMRI. Both CMRI and 2DTTE are of great clinical value in evaluating left ventricular systolic function, while CMR may be more beneficial to patients with abnormal LV functions.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Systole ; physiology ; Ventricular Function, Left ; physiology ; Young Adult

Nanocarriers prepared from organic or inorganic materials are widely used in drug targeting system and diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, there are some problems, such as poor targeting, short circulation time in vivo and improvement in the biocompatibility. Biomimetic nanocarriers has carried out research on the issues, which based on different kinds of cell membrane for the nanocarriers modification, endogenous biofilm improving the biocompatibility of carriers in vivo, more accurate targeting, and even producing immunotherapeutic effect. The principle, method, targeting mechanism and therapeutic effect of biomimetic nano carrier technology of cell membrane have been reviewed in this paper, which provide a new direction for the research of new drug delivery system.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic accuracy and application value of 3.0 T non-contrast coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) in evaluating coronary artery in children with Kawasaki disease (KD).Methods:From May 2019 to January 2022, 75 children diagnosed with KD in our hospital were enrolled. All the patients underwent CMRA and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in one week, twenty-six of whom underwent coronary CT angiography (CCTA) or invasive coronary angiography (ICA) within two weeks. The diagnostic performance of CMRA and TTE was evaluated with CCTA/ICA as reference standard by per-patient basis, per-vessel basis, per-segment basis. Sensitivity and specificity of CMRA and TTE was compared by paired chi square test.The distribution of coronary artery aneurysm (CAA), thrombosis and other pathological changes of coronary artery were recorded and compared between two methods. The patients′ height and weight were collected to calculate the Z value. Z value>2.5 was defined as CAA.Results:All patients successfully completed CMRA examinations. Among the 26 patients, the sensitivity of CMRA was significantly higher than that of TTE by per coronary artery[97.7%(43/44)vs.84.1%(37/44), χ2=4.17, P<0.05]. CMRA showed a higher sensitivity than that of TTE both by proximal segments and middle/distal segments [97.7%(43/44)vs. 84.1%(37/44), 100%(21/21) vs. 52.4%(11/21), χ2=10.08, 7.11, both P<0.05). A total of 115 CAAs was found by CMRA, while only 87 (75.7%) CAAs were observed by TTE. Of the 28 (24.3%) CAAs missed by TTE, 16 (57.1%) were located in right coronary artery (RCA), 2(7.1%) in left main coronary artery, 7(25.0%) in left anterior ascending coronary artery (LAD) and 3(10.7%) in left circumflex coronary artery (LCX). Eleven (39.3%) missed CAAs by TTE were located in the proximal segment of RCA, LMCA, LAD and LCX, and 17 (60.7%) missed CAAs were located in the middle and distal segments. TTE missed coronary thrombosis in 5 patients compared with CMRA. Conclusions:3.0 T non-contrast CMRA is non-invasive and non-radiation, and the image quality can meet the needs of diagnosis, especially for detection of CAAs in RCA or in middle and distal segments of coronary artery in KD patients.

Objective To prepare polymersomes (PSs) by block copolymers，evaluate their membrane structural stability，investigate the H⁺ transmembrane permeability of PSs and the impact of 1,4-dioxane and establish a foundation for drug encapsulation within polymersomes. Methods PSs were self-assembled by a block copolymer, PEG-PLGA, in a solvent solution. The pH-sensitive fluorescence probe HPTS was employed to examine the H⁺ transmembrane properties of PSs and compare them with PSs prepared using PBD-b-PEO, PS-b-PEO, and liposomes. The effect of varying concentrations of 1,4-dioxane on PSs’ membrane permeability properties was also investigated. Results The fluorescence excitation spectra of HPTS exhibited pH dependency, which showed a linear correlation between extravesicular H⁺ concentration and t^1/2. Significant differences were observed in the membrane permeability capabilities of PSs with different membrane wall thicknesses. Compared to liposomes, the H⁺ transmembrane coefficients for the three types of PSs were reduced by 2.39×10⁴, 3.38×10⁴, and 5.48×10⁸ times, respectively. 1,4-dioxane was found to modulate the permeability of PSs’ membranes, which displayed a concentration-dependent relationship. Conclusion PSs exhibited significantly lower membrane permeability compared to liposomes, indicating superior stability. 1,4-dioxane was identified as a modulator of PSs’ permeability, which offered potential for drug loading and release within PSs.

As a type of extracellular vesicles, exosomes are released by living cells and contain diverse bioactive molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and metabolites. They play an important role in various physiological and pathological processes by a special intercellular communication medium. As endogenous vesicles, exosomes also have the advantages of systemic circulation stability, good biocompatibility and specific targeting of tissues and cells, as well as they are promising candidates for drug delivery system. The production mechanism of exosomes describe was summarized, the methods of extraction and separation the application and mechanism of exosomes in immune and inflammation-related diseases, cardiovascular system diseases, nervous system diseases, tumors, etc. were reviewed. The engineering modifications of exosomes in high targeting properties based on the drug delivery were overviewed. Exosomes support the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of multiple diseases, which have broad application prospects as a very potential safe and specific endogenous nano-drug carrier.

Objective To prepare a biomimetic nano carrier macrophage membrane hybrid liposome by heterozygous macrophage membrane and liposome, which could be used for the clearance and toxicity inhibition of Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin A (VvhA). Methods Macrophage membrane was extracted and hybridized with liposome by thin-film evaporation combined extrusion method. The hybridized liposome of macrophage membrane was constructed and characterized. The in vitro detoxification ability of the hybridized vector was evaluated by hemolysis test and cytotoxicity test. The detoxification ability of the vector was evaluated by mouse skin infection model. Results Anti toxoid studies in vivo and in vitro showed that the anti-hemolysis rate of macrophage membrane heterozygous liposomes in vitro reached 97.03%, which could effectively inhibit the skin ulceration in subcutaneous infected mice and make the survival rate of abdominal infected mice reach 80%. Conclusion The constructed macrophage membrane hybrid liposome had high detoxification ability, which could provide a potential solution and research basis for the prevention and treatment of Vibrio vulnificus infection.

Objective To prepare and optimize the formulation of Albumin nanoparticles loading PROTAC molecule and observe the inhibition effect of nanoparticles on the proliferation and NAD⁺ metabolism of glioma cells. Methods Albumin nanoparticles loading NPT-B2 were prepared and characterized with a thermal driving method, and the prescription was optimized. An HPLC method was established to determine the content of NPT-B2. The proliferation inhibition of NPT-B2 and B2-BSA-NPs on U251 cells were investigated by the CCK8 method, and the degradation effects of NPT-B2 and B2-BSA-NPs on NAMPT in glioma cells were investigated by western blotting. Results The HPLC method was stable, with good linearity, precision, and recovery rate. The nanoparticles had a particle size of about 55.48 nm, a potential of about −12.9 mV, an encapsulation rate of about 94.74%, and a drug loading amount of about 8.61%. The IC₅₀ of NPT-B2 on glioma cells was 61.16 nmol/L, which had a degradation effect on NAMPT. The IC₅₀ of B2-BSA-NPs on glioma was 41.21 nmol/L, which had a very significant degradation effect on NAMPT. Conclusion Albumin nanoparticles loading PROTAC molecules were constructed. The prescription was optimized to improve the drug encapsulation rate, and the low water solubility of PROTAC molecule was improved, which had a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation and NAD⁺ energy metabolism of glioma cells.

Humans ; Child ; Risk Factors ; Adipose Tissue

Animals ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Histone Deacetylase 6 ; deficiency ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Reproduction ; genetics